scholarly journals Minorities, Human Capital and Long-Run Development: Persistence of Armenian and Greek Influence in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cemal Eren Arbatli ◽  
Gunes Gokmen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Long Run

Open Door System and Endogenous Growth in Indian Economy: An Empirical Analysis on the Role of Human Capital and R&D in Explaining Industrial Productivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Arjun K. ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
A. Sankaran ◽  
Mousumi Das
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Knowledge Capital ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates the impact of human capital, knowledge capital which is a function of human capital, and real exchange rate scenario in explaining long-run industrial total factor productivity (TFP) from 1980 to 2015 on the theoretical basis of the open endogenous growth model. The variables employed in the contemporary study include manufacturing value added (MNVA) as industrial output measure, gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) as a measure of capital and labour input which is measured using employment data. Gross enrolment ratio (GER) is taken as a measure for human capital formation, expenditure on research and development (R&D) as a proxy for knowledge capital, and real exchange rate indicates global economic shocks. The study involves estimating TFP for Industrial Sector during the post-liberalization period by employing Cobb-Douglas production function. The ARDL bounds test technique for cointegration revealed long-run relation among the varying factors studied. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test concluded bi-directional causality running between, R&D expenditure and Industrial TFP which sends a strong signal to the policymakers for a well-framed long-term integrated approach for human & knowledge capital formation which will act as a strong impetus for manufacturing firms to come up in terms of augmenting production and productivity and expanding foreign market horizon. JEL Classification: D24, E2, J24

Human capital accumulation, income distribution, and economic growth: a demand-led analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-336
Author(s):  
Gilberto Tadeu Lima ◽  
Laura Carvalho ◽  
Gustavo Pereira Serra
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Capital Utilization ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Run Equilibrium

This paper incorporates human capital accumulation through provision of universal public education by a balanced-budget government to a demand-driven analytical framework of functional distribution and growth of income. Human capital accumulation positively impacts on workers’ productivity in production and their bargaining power in wage negotiations. In the long-run equilibrium, a rise in the tax rate (which also denotes the share of output spent in human capital formation) lowers the pre- and after-tax wage share and physical capital utilization, and thus raises (lowers) the output growth rate when the latter is profit-led (wage-led). The impact of a higher tax rate on the employment rate (which also measures human capital utilization) in the long-run equilibrium is negative (ambiguous) when output growth is wage-led (profit-led). In any case, the supply of higher-skilled workers does not automatically create its own demand.

Brazil and Russia: Different Trajectories of Development?

2012 ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
G. Irishin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The World

This publication represents the materials of the regular academic seminar “The current problems of development” conducted by the Center of the problems of development and modernization within IMEMO. The attention of the key speakers and other seminar participants is focused on the comparison of the two BRICS countries – Brazil and Russia. The main emphasis is made on the analysis of the trends of social development. The point is that the quality of human capital determines the quality of economic growth, as well as the country's place in the world in the long run.

Determinants of Total Factor Productivity in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (1980–2014)

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Akanni Olomola ◽  
Tolulope Temilola Osinubi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Stability ◽  
Short Run

This study analyzed the macroeconomic and institutional determinants of total factor productivity (TFP) in the MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) countries during the period 1980–2014. Annual data covering the period between 1980 and 2014 were used. Data on real gross domestic product (real GDP), labor force, gross fixed capital formation, foreign direct investment (FDI), human capital, and inflation were sourced from the World Development Indicators published by the World Bank. Also, data on corruption, government stability, and law and order were obtained from the database of International Country Risk Guide. Panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) regression technique was used to estimate the model. Results showed that TFP growth rate declined on average by 1.4 per cent and 1.8 per cent in Mexico and Turkey, respectively, while Indonesia and Nigeria did not experience productivity growth on the average. Results also showed that in the long run, human capital and government stability had positive and significant effects on TFP, while FDI and corruption had negative but significant effects on TFP. In the short run, there existed a significant negative relationship between TFP and inflation. However, the effects of human capital and corruption on TFP were positive and significant. The study concluded that human capital and corruption were key drivers of TFP in the MINT countries both in the long run and short run.

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals The impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Abubakar Aminu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Lag Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigated the impact of education tax and investment in human capital on economic growth in Nigeria utilizing the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model of cointegration covering the period of 25 years from 1995 to 2019. The findings reveal that education tax and investment in human capital have positive and significant effect on the growth of the Nigerian economy over the sampled period. The paper recommends that in order to boost the economy, Nigeria would need to, among other policy frameworks, provide a suitable environment for ensuring macro-economic stability through effective utilization of income from education tax that will encourage increased investment in human capital in the public sector. In addition to income from education tax, for effective and speedy economic growth and development in Nigeria, the government, beneficiaries (students/parents), employers of labor and other stakeholders in the society should share the responsibility for financing primary, secondary and tertiary education, so as to provide a solid foundation for human capital development. However, as revealed in this paper, the contribution of education tax and investment in human capital is most likely to be realized over a long-run period than in the short term. Keywords: Education Tax; Investment; Human capital; Economic growth

scholarly journals PROBABILITAS ANGKATAN KERJA TERDIDIK YANG TIDAK TERSERAP PADA PASAR KERJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Muhit Hidayah ◽  
◽  
Joko Triyanto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Household Members

The existence of a demographic transition that in the long run has an impact on the population explosion in the productive age and even the population trend shows a growing pattern of population growth in the productive age. It is feared that the number of people of productive age who are not absorbed in employment will eventually become unemployed. Unemployment of productive age will have an impact on the amount of educated unemployment. This study will analyze the demographic, human capital and economic factors behind educated unemployment in Sragen Regency in 2019, from the supply dan demand side. The data used is the raw data of the results of the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in Agustus 2019 from the Statistics of Sragen Regency (BPS) with a sample of 602 respondents. The method used is logistic regression analysis. The results showed that the variables age, number of household members, gender, relationship with the head of the household, marital status, Diploma I / II, Diploma III, Diploma IV / S1 and S2 affect the probability of the educated workforce to be unemployed. Meanwhile, the domicile variable does not significantly affect the probability of the educated workforce being unemployed.

scholarly journals Does human capital development matter in FDI location decisions? A case for Austria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Kunofiwa Tsaurai
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Location Decisions ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Relationship

This paper investigates the relationship between human capital development and foreign direct investment (FDI). In particular, the direction of causality between these two variables is the main focus of this study. This study has been necessitated by the failure by many previous researchers to concur on the causal relationship between FDI and human capital development. Some authors argue that there is a uni-directional causality relationship running from FDI to human capital development whilst others are saying the causality runs the other way round from human capital development to FDI. The other group of authors says there is a bi-directional relationship between these two variables whilst the fourth and last group of authors maintains that there exist no causal relation at all between FDI and human capital development. Using the lagged error correction model (ECM), the study observed that FDI measured by FDI, net inflows (% of GDP) was Granger caused by human capital development (proxied by pupil-teacher ratio) both in the short and long run. However, the null hypothesis which says that FDI Granger caused human capital development was rejected both in the short and long run. The author therefore recommends the intensification of teacher-pupil ratio improvement programmes in order not only to increase FDI inflow but to ensure Austria benefits from that increased FDI inflow

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