scholarly journals Thoughts on Higher Medical Education Under Major Public Health Emergencies: Thinking Ahead after COVID-19 Outbreak - A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Songchang Shi ◽  
Jixing Liang ◽  
Huibin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Higher Medical Education ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Determinants of virological failure among adults on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in Kombolcha town, Northeast, Ethiopia: a case–control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e036223
Author(s):  
Habtamu Mengist Meshesha ◽  
Zelalem Mehari Nigussie ◽  
Anemaw Asrat ◽  
Kebadnew Mulatu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Virological Failure ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
First Line ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Control Study

ObjectiveTo identify determinants of virological failure among HIV-infected adults on first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy at public health facilities in Kombolcha town, Northeast, Ethiopia, in 2019.MethodsAn unmatched case–control study was conducted from April to May 2019. About 130 cases and 259 controls were selected by simple random sampling. Data were extracted from charts of patients using a structured checklist. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify possible factors. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to check the model. Finally, independent predictor variables of virological failure were identified based on adjusted OR (AOR) with 95% CI and a p value of 0.05.ResultsThe odds of virological failure were 2.4-fold (AOR=2.44, 95% CI 1.353 to 4.411) higher in clients aged <35 years compared with older clients, fivefold (AOR=5.00, 95% CI 2.60 to 9.63) higher in clients who did not disclose their HIV status, threefold (AOR=2.99, 95% CI 1.33 to 6.73) higher in clients with poor adherence, and 7.5-fold (AOR=7.51, 95% CI 3.98 to 14.14) higher in clients who had recent CD4 count of ≤250 cells/mm3.Conclusion and recommendationThis study revealed that age, marital status, occupation, disclosure status, baseline functional status, missed clinic visit, current antiretroviral therapy regimen, adherence to treatment and recent CD4 count were significantly associated with virological failure. Therefore, adherence support should be strengthened among clients. Missed clinic visits should also be reduced, as it could help clients better adhere to treatment, and therefore boost their immunity and suppress viral replication.

scholarly journals Feasibility of the Epiduroscopy Simulator as a Training Tool: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jong Joo Lee ◽  
Junho Ko ◽  
Yeomin Yun ◽  
Seong-Wook Jang ◽  
Yoon Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Training Tool ◽  
Virtual Target ◽  
Sacral Hiatus ◽  
Surgery Simulator ◽  
Control Study

Epiduroscopy is a type of spinal intervention that visualizes the epidural space through the sacral hiatus using a fiberoptic scope. However, it is technically difficult to perform compared to conventional interventions and susceptible to complications. Surgery simulator has been shown to be a promising modality for medical education. To develop the epiduroscopy simulator and prove its usefulness for epiduroscopy training, we performed a case-control study including a total of 20 physicians. The participants were classified as the expert group with more than 30 epiduroscopy experiences and the beginner group with less experience. A virtual simulator (EpiduroSIM™, BioComputing Lab, KOREATECH, Cheonan, Republic of Korea) for epiduroscopy was developed by the authors. The performance of the participants was measured by three items: time to reach a virtual target, training score, and number of times the dura and nerve are violated. The training score was better in the expert group (75.00 vs. 67.50; P<0.01). The number of violations was lower in the expert group (3.50 vs. 4.0; P<0.01). The realism of the epidural simulator was evaluated to be acceptable in 40%. Participants improved their simulator skills through repeated attempts. The epiduroscopy simulator helped participants understand the anatomical structure and actual epiduroscopy.

scholarly journals Determinants of Postpartum IUCD Utilization Among Mothers Who Gave Birth in Gamo Zone Public Health Facilities, Southern Ethiopia: a Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol Volume 11 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Seid Jemal Mohammed ◽  
Weynshet Gebretsadik ◽  
Gesila Endashaw ◽  
Mulugeta Shigaz Shimbre ◽  
Kenzudin Assfa Mossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals Metabolome analysis for pancreatic cancer risk in nested case-control study: Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1672-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakagawa ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
Shin Nishiumi ◽  
Akihisa Hidaka ◽  
Taiki Yamaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Plasma Isoflavones and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Nested Case-Control Study: The Japan Public Health Center

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (36) ◽  
pp. 5923-5929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norie Kurahashi ◽  
Motoki Iwasaki ◽  
Manami Inoue ◽  
Shizuka Sasazuki ◽  
Shoichiro Tsugane
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

PurposeThe incidence of prostate cancer is much lower in Japanese than Western populations. Given the preventive effects of isoflavones on carcinogenesis in the prostate in many nonhuman studies and the high consumption of isoflavones in Japanese, this low incidence may be partly due to the effects of soy.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study within the Japan Public Health Center–based Prospective Study. A total of 14,203 men aged 40 to 69 years who had returned the baseline questionnaire and provided blood samples were observed from 1990 to 2005. During a mean of 12.8 years of follow-up, 201 newly diagnosed prostate cancers were identified. Two matched controls for each case were selected from the cohort. Conditional logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for prostate cancer in relation to plasma levels of isoflavone.ResultsPlasma genistein level tended to be inversely associated with the risk of total prostate cancer. Although plasma daidzein showed no association, the highest tertile for plasma equol, a metabolite of daidzein, was significantly associated with a decreased risk of total prostate cancer (OR = 0.60; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.99; Ptrend= .04). These inverse associations were strengthened after analysis was confined to localized cases, with ORs in the highest group of plasma genistein and equol compared with the lowest of 0.54 (95% CI, 0.29 to 1.01; Ptrend= .03) and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.22 to 0.82; Ptrend= .02), respectively. Plasma isoflavone levels were not statistically significantly associated with the risk of advanced prostate cancer.ConclusionIsoflavones may prevent the development of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Imported rocket salad partly responsible for increased incidence of hepatitis A cases in Sweden, 2000-2001

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 151-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Nygård ◽  
Y Andersson ◽  
P Lindkvist ◽  
C Ancker ◽  
I Asteberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Obvious Source ◽  
Control Study

An increased incidence of domestic hepatitis A without any obvious source of infection in Sweden and a small outbreak in late spring 2001 led to the undertaking of a case-control study. Consumption of imported rocket salad was clearly associated with disease (odds ratio 9.1, 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 69). The importation of vegetables from countries where hepatitis A is endemic to countries where this disease is not endemic continues to be a public health problem.

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