The Impact of Regulatory Growth on Operating Costs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Fullenbaum ◽  
Tyler Richards
Keyword(s):  
Operating Costs ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Energy Storage along with the Allocation of RES on the Reduction of Energy Costs Using MILP

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Mateusz Andrychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Mixed Integer Linear Programming ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Power Exchange ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

The paper shows a method of optimizing local initiatives in the energy sector, such as energy cooperatives and energy clusters. The aim of optimization is to determine the structure of generation sources and energy storage in order to minimize energy costs. The analysis is carried out for the time horizon of one year, with an hourly increment, taking into account various RES (wind turbines (WT), photovoltaic installations (PV), and biogas power plant (BG)) and loads (residential, commercial, and industrial). Generation sources and loads are characterized by generation/demand profiles in order to take into account their variability. The optimization was carried out taking into account the technical aspects of the operation of distribution systems, such as power flows and losses, voltage levels in nodes, and power exchange with the transmission system, and economic aspects, such as capital and fixed and variable operating costs. The method was calculated by sixteen simulation scenarios using Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP).

Biden backs rail revival with climate change link

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Rail Industry ◽  
The Impact

Significance The rail industry is also stressing its green credentials as it seeks approval for a merger between Canadian Pacific and Kansas City Southern that would create the first company with a pan-North American freight line. Impacts The impact of COVID-19 on demand for long-range travel, especially business travel, remains uncertain. Much of Amtrak's rolling stock is at or near the end of its useful service life, pushing up operating costs. Rail and urban transit modernisation would support Biden's aim of creating more jobs in US manufacturing and infrastructure. Replacing highway-funding petrol taxes with vehicle usage fees would encourage freight to move from road to rail.

scholarly journals Water Retention in Nature-Based Solutions—Assessment of Potential Economic Effects for Local Social Groups

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3347
Author(s):  
Zwoździak Jerzy ◽  
Szałata Łukasz ◽  
Zwoździak Anna ◽  
Kwiecińska Kornelia ◽  
Byelyayev Maksym
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

The upcoming trends related to climate change are increasing the level of interest of social groups in solutions for the implementation and the realization of activities that will ensure the change of these trends and can reduce the impact on the environment, including the health of the community exposed to these impacts. The implementation of solutions aimed at improving the quality of the environment requires taking into account not only the environmental aspects but also the economic aspect. Taking into account the analysis of solutions changing the current state of climate change, the article focuses on the analysis of the potential economic effect caused by the implementation of nature-based solutions (NBSs) in terms of reducing the operating costs related to water retention for local social groups. The analysis is based on a case study, one of the research projects studying nature-based solutions, created as part of the Grow Green project (H2020) in Wrocław in 2017–2022. The results of the analysis are an observed potential positive change in economic effects, i.e., approximately 85.90% of the operating costs related to water retention have been reduced for local social groups by NBSs.

scholarly journals Strategies of Forestry Carbon Sink under Forest Insurance and Subsidies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4607
Author(s):  
Ye Song ◽  
Hongjun Peng
Keyword(s):  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insurance Mechanism ◽  
Insurance Supply ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Insurance

We take the forest insurance supply chain, composed of a forestry enterprise and an insurance company, as the research object. The forestry carbon sink, operated by the forestry enterprise, is the subject matter of insurance. The Stackelberg game model is constructed to study the optimal strategies of the forestry enterprise and insurance company under the forest insurance mechanism, as well as the impact of government subsidies, probability of deforestation, and carbon limit level on the decision-making and profit of the forestry enterprise and insurance company. The results show that the larger the carbon limit, the looser carbon restraint policy, which causes the forestry enterprise to reduce the scale of carbon sink forest, and the insurance company lowers the premium level. As the probability of deforestation increases, both the scale of the carbon sink forest and the premium level will decrease. Direct subsidies for the premiums of the forestry enterprise are conducive to expanding the scale of carbon sink forest, but will lead to the insurance company improving the premium level. Providing indirect subsidies to the insurance company’s operating costs will not only expand the scale of the carbon sink forest, but also lower the premium level. In the case of the same number of premium subsidies, indirect subsidies are more effective than direct subsidies in increasing the forestry enterprise’s income and promoting it to expand the forest scale.

scholarly journals Modeling Airline Cost Pass-Through within Regional Aviation Markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (23) ◽  
pp. 146-157
Author(s):  
Bojun Wang ◽  
Aidan O’Sullivan ◽  
Lynnette Dray ◽  
Andreas W. Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fuel Costs

Studies assessing the impact of market-based environmental policies in aviation rely on various scenarios of airline cost pass-through, because there is little empirical evidence with respect to the impacts of airline costs on airfares. Instead, the costs effect has been indirectly measured by proxy variables such as distance, fuel price, and aircraft sizes. This paper provides empirical evidence of airline cost pass-through by developing an airfare model that explicitly captures airline operating costs. Using a feasible generalized two-stage least squares (FG2SLS) approach, we obtained coefficients of airline fuel costs per passenger, non-fuel costs per passenger, and non-fuel costs per flight modeling for seven world regions (20 region-pair markets). A comparison of the estimated cost pass-through elasticities conducted across regional markets suggests that airlines may respond to the cost increases differently, depending on the cost types and the markets they operate in. Based on the estimated coefficients, we systematically evaluate the potential impacts of introducing a carbon tax policy within two major regional markets with distinct cost pass-through elasticities.

Design and Service Experience of the Electronically Controlled ME Engine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Knudsen ◽  
Ole Groene ◽  
Per Soerensen
Keyword(s):  
Operating Performance ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Service Experience ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Camless Engine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Valve Control ◽  
Speed Engine

The Norwegian shipowner Odfjell has had more than one year’s experience of operating a vessel powered by an MAN B&W 6L60MC/ME low-speed engine capable of operating by electronic valve control, without a camshaft. During that period, the engine has run in both conventional and camless modes. Valuable data has been collected on the impact of camless engine technology, on operating performance, and on operating costs. Odfjell has now ordered a 7-cylinder S50ME-C engine, featuring electronic operation, for installation on a 37,500 dwt chemical tanker newbuilding.

scholarly journals Various aircraft routing options for air traffic simulation in the chemistry-climate model EMAC 2.53: AirTraf 2.0

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Yamashita ◽  
Feijia Yin ◽  
Volker Grewe ◽  
Patrick Jöckel ◽  
Sigrun Matthes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Aircraft Routing ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Climate impact of aviation is expected to increase further. Aircraft routings are an important measure for climate impact reductions. To find an effective aircraft routing strategy for reducing the impact, the first version of the submodel AirTraf has been developed; this submodel can simulate global air traffic in the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. This paper describes the updated submodel AirTraf 2.0. Seven new aircraft routing options are introduced, including contrail avoidance, minimum economic costs, and minimum climate impact. Example simulations of the new routing options are presented by using around 100 north-Atlantic flights of an Airbus A330 aircraft for a typical winter day. The results clearly show that the family of optimum flight trajectories (three-dimensional) varies according to the routing options. The comparison of the results for various routing options reveals characteristics of the routing with respect to air traffic performances. The minimum cost option obtains a trade-off solution between the minimum time and the minimum fuel solutions. The aircraft routings for contrail avoidance and minimum climate impact reduce the potential climate impact, which is estimated by using algorithmic Climate Change Functions, whereas these two routings increase flight operating costs. A trade-off between the aircraft operating costs and the climate impact is confirmed. The simulation results are compared with literature data and the consistency of the submodel AirTraf 2.0 is verified.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION OF HIGH PREASURE PIPELINE IN THE PRESSURE PIPE OF WATER SUPPLY

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nedim Suljić ◽  
Jasmin Hrnjadović
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Pressure Pipe ◽  
Pressure Pipeline ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
The Impact

The water supply system is a set of facilities related to a functional unit with the primary aim ofensuring sufficient quantities of quality water by the most economical way. Design and implementationof such systems requires extensive previous research and analysis aimed at finding the optimal solutionof water supply system.This paper presents an analysis of the pressure pipeline of the water supply system in which discussedseveral alternatives with different input parameters. It is shown the influence of the position and thenumber of tanks in the system on the basic parameters such as a pressure in the pipeline, power of pumpunits and so on. It's analyzed the impact of changes in diameter of the pipe to the hydraulic parameters,and also to the initial and operating costs of the system. The main aim of the complete analysis is toestablish a uniform depending of the analyzed elements in the system and finding the optimalparameters and their relationship that provide the most appropriate solution from the technical andeconomic aspects.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Influence of Diversification on the Operating Cost of Commercial Banks

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 757-770
Author(s):  
Jing He, Ke Zou, Xinyi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The majority of the literature has focused on the impact of diversification on bank performance, while the research on the impact of diversification on bank costs is inadequate. Therefore, in this paper we empirically analyzed the impact of diversification on operating costs through a panel regression model, collecting the data of 47 Chinese commercial banks from 2005 to 2015. The empirical results showed that an increase in the non-interest income ratio significantly promoted a decrease in the cost–income ratio, and the robustness tests of different time intervals and different types of banks were consistent. This suggests that diversification effectively reduced the operating costs of banks by means of the sharing of information and equipment, the reduction of asset specificity, and the improvement of operation management synergy. This also indicates that excessive competition costs and the agency costs of diversification were lower. Further analysis showed that the diversification of national banks compared with local banks was more significant in reducing operating costs, and, for the national banks, the effects of economies of scope and scale were stronger. Diversified management strategies for local banks should be carefully promoted through the construction of strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, etc.

scholarly journals Operating cost analysis: sources and methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Nadiya Khorunzhak ◽  
Tetyana Portovaras
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Abc Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The aim of the article is identification of requirements and composition of sources of analysis, critical assessment of their information content, as well as emphasis on the application of a systematic approach to the analysis of operating costs and compliance of its method with these criteria. Methodology of research. The empirical research methods are used in the course of the research, in particular: analysis – in order to identify the composition of sources of analysis of operating expenses; generalization – to substantiate the classification of sources of analysis and to formulate recommendations on the choice of methods of analysis, which most fully allow to estimate the operating costs. Findings. The principles of formation of information base of the analysis of operating expenses are substantiated, which will allow to obtain high-quality information on their status and on the basis of the obtained results to predict the activity of the enterprise in the future. The study of the impact of factors on the analysis of operating expenses allowed us to distinguish sources of information into two groups: internal and external. It is determined that internal sources of data for analysis are accounting records, which are formed at enterprises, and which is considered by the authors as a source of analysis of operating expenses. External sources of information the authors consider all possible information resources of an external nature, research of the competitive environment and reporting of subjects with similar types of activity. Originality. The scheme of interconnection sources and analysis results of operations is proposed, which comprehensive utilization, will allow obtaining result analytical information on which management can optimize the cost of compliance with objectives and increase effectiveness of operations. According to modern realities, the most suitable methods of analysis are offered, which allow to adequately assessing the situation of the enterprise in the strategic plane with respect to operating expenses. Practical value. Carrying out an assessment of the operating costs of an enterprise with using various methods and tools of analysis in a complex provides obtaining unbiased data that can be effectively used for the purpose of cost optimization and increase of productivity. Key words: analysis; operating costs; cost optimization; internal sources of information; external sources of information; strategic methods; ABC analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document