Experimental and Analytical Investigation on Chloride Ions Transport in Concrete Considering the Effect of Dry-Exposure Ratio Under Diurnal Tidal Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhan Wang ◽  
Shang Guo ◽  
Bochen Yan ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Yuchi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ions Transport ◽  
Exposure Ratio

scholarly journals Effect of Propolis Preparations on Transepithelial Electrical Potential, Resistance, and Ion Transport in In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulina Smyk ◽  
Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽  
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Ions Transport

Background. Propolis and its ethanol extract show positive germicidal, bacteriostatic, and anti-inflammatory antioxidants and regenerative properties after use on the surface of the skin. Propolis is in common use in production of cosmetics and in folk medicine. The influence of this resinous mixture on ion channels, channels located in skin cells membranes and skin electrical resistance, was not explained. Objective. The main aim of the study was the evaluation of electrophysiological skin parameters during mechanical and chemical-mechanical stimulation after use of ethanol extract of propolis and propolis ointment in comparison with iso-osmotic Ringer solution. Methods. Skin fragments were taken from white New Zealand rabbits and distributed into three experimental groups which were incubated in ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), propolis ointment, and Ringer solution. Then they were placed in a Ussing chamber to measure electrophysiological parameters values. Results. In this study the influence of EEP on changes in value of electrical potential during block of chloride ions transport at the same time was observed. Ethanol propolis extract dissolved in water increases the transepidermal sodium ions transport in contrast to propolis ointment. Conclusion. The way of preparation cosmetics, which contain propolis, has effects on transepidermal ions transport in the rabbit’s skin. The value of skin electrical resistance is changing with penetration depth of active propolis substances contained in cosmetics.

scholarly journals Developing a Model for Chloride Ions Transport in Cement Concrete under Dynamic Flexural Loading and Dry-Wet Cycles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-wen Guan ◽  
Jia-yu Wu ◽  
Tao Yang ◽  
An-hua Xu ◽  
Yan-ping Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Ions Transport ◽  
Flexural Loading ◽  
Influence Coefficients ◽  
Chloride Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Main Factor

Chloride ions attack is the main factor leading to the degradation of concrete durability, while the diffusion process would be significantly aggravated under the dynamic flexural loading and dry-wet cycles. In this paper, the influence coefficients of dynamic flexural loading on chloride/water diffusion coefficients were established, based on the relationship between the dynamic flexural loading and the chloride ions diffusion coefficient of concrete. Based on the model of chloride ions transporting in dry-wet cycle environment, the transport model of chloride ions in concrete under the dynamic flexural loading and dry-wet cycles was established. The effects of different factors on the chloride ions transport law in concrete were analyzed through laboratory test. The results showed that the model was in good agreement with the experimental results. The theory and assumptions proposed applied in the model of chloride ions transport in concrete under the dynamic flexural loading and dry-wet cycles had certain rationality and scientificity.

scholarly journals Investigation on the transport properties of chlorides in concrete (I) Identification of ITZ

2018 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 02013
Author(s):  
Tian Ye ◽  
Jin Xianyu ◽  
Jin Nanguo
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Electron Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Interfacial Transition Zone ◽  
Ions Transport ◽  
Multiphase Composite

Concrete is a multiphase composite material, in which the mortar, aggregate and interfacial transition zone (ITZ) have important influence on the chloride ions transport. In this research, the thickness ITZ was measured and the concentration distribution of chloride ions in concrete was obtained through electron microprobe analysis. The experiment results that the thickness of ITZ follows a normal distribution and the size of aggregate shows no clear influence on the thickness of ITZ.

scholarly journals Effect of coupled deterioration by chloride and carbonation on chloride ions transport in concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Raphaele Malheiro ◽  
Aires Camões ◽  
Gibson Meira ◽  
Maria Teresa Amorim ◽  
João Castro-Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Migration Test ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Total Chloride ◽  
Ions Transport ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Powder Samples

Carbonation is one of the factors that can influence the chlorides transport. Despite the combined action of chlorides and carbonation being a reality, there is no consensus on the effect of this coupled deterioration on chloride transport. Accelerated tests were used to simulate this environment. Concrete specimens were cast using 0.60 water/cement ratio and CEM I 42.5R. After curing, half of specimens was submitted to accelerated carbonation test (20ºC, 55% RH and 4% CO2) during 1 and 7 months. The other half was protected with plastic film during the same period. Then, the specimens were submitted to the accelerated chlorides attack using: migration test and immersion test. Finished the immersion test, powder samples were extracted from surface to bulk and analysed to obtain free and total chloride profiles and pH profile. According to migration test results, the carbonation increases chloride transport regardless the test period. According to the immersion test results, there is a decrease in chloride ions transport when the specimens are carbonated for 1 month and a noticeable increase when carbonation period increases to 7 months. The redistribution of pores in carbonated concrete and the difficulty of chlorides binding in carbonated concrete are related to these results.

Chloride ions transport and adsorption in the nano-pores of silicate calcium hydrate: Experimental and molecular dynamics studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 991-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhou ◽  
Dongshuai Hou ◽  
Jinyang Jiang ◽  
Penggang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Ions Transport

Concentration Distribution of Chloride Ion in Cracked Concrete

2013 ◽  
Vol 351-352 ◽  
pp. 1581-1584
Author(s):  
Bo Yu ◽  
Zhong Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
Hui Liang Sun ◽  
Lu Feng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Diffusion Path ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Chloride Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Cracked Concrete ◽  
Ions Transport

Cracks provide diffusion path for chloride ions transport from the external environment into the concrete, resulting in the durability degradation of concrete structures. In this paper, the boundary condition of cracked concrete and chloride diffusion coefficient in crack were analyzed. The time-dependent chloride diffusion model was established based on the time-dependent chloride diffusion coefficient and the Ficks second law of diffusion. The influence of crack on the concentration distribution of chloride ion in cracked concrete was quantificationally investigated.

Junction of the Epithelium and Lamina Propria of the Bovine Rumen Mucosa

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Al W. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Protective Shield ◽  
Stratified Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Lead Hydroxide ◽  
Acetic Acids

The stratified squamous epithelium which lines the ruminal compartment of the bovine stomach performs at least three important functions. (1) The upper keratinized layer forms a protective shield against the rough, fibrous, constantly moving ingesta. (2) It is an organ of absorption since a number of substances are absorbed directly through the epithelium. These include short chain fatty acids, potassium, sodium and chloride ions, water, and many others. (3) The cells of the deeper layers metabolize butyric acid and to a lesser extent propionic and acetic acids which are the fermentation products of rumen digestion. Because of the functional characteristics, this epithelium is important in the digestive process of ruminant species which convert large quantities of rough, fibrous feed into energy.Tissue used in this study was obtained by biopsy through a rumen fistula from clinically healthy, yearling holstein steers. The animals had been fed a typical diet of hay and grain and the ruminal papillae were fully developed. The tissue was immediately immersed in 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to a pH of 7.4 and fixed for 2 hrs. The tissue blocks were embedded in Vestapol-W, sectioned with a Porter-Blum microtome with glass knives and stained with lead hydroxide. The sections were studied with an RCA EMU 3F electron microscope.

Analytical Investigation of Commercial Geranium Oils from Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér

Planta Medica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wang ◽  
A Chittiboyina ◽  
B Avula ◽  
J Zhao ◽  
N Tabanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
Pelargonium Graveolens

Factors Influencing the Separation of Glu-Plasminogen Affinity Forms I and II by Affinity Chromatography

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 347-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan W Traas ◽  
Bep Hoegee-de Nobel ◽  
Willem Nieuwenhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Affinity Chromatography ◽  
Dissociation Constants ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Human Plasminogen

SummaryNative human plasminogen, the proenzyme of plasmin (E. C. 3.4.21.7) occurs in blood in two well defined forms, affinity forms I and II. In this paper, the feasibility of separating these forms of human native plasminogen by affinity chromatography, is shown to be dependent on two factors: 1) the ionic composition of the buffer containing the displacing agent: buffers of varying contents of sodium, Tris, phosphate and chloride ions were compared, and 2) the type of adsorbent. Two adsorbents were compared: Sepharose-lysine and Sepharose-bisoxirane-lysine. Only in the phosphate containing buffers, irrespective of the type of adsorbent, the affinity forms can be separated. The influence of the adsorbent can be accounted for by a large difference in dissociation constants of the complex between plasminogen and the immobilized lysine.

Surface properties of precipitated alumina. IV. Adsorption of nitrogen on samples containing chloride ions

1963 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Lucas ◽  
G. W. Newton ◽  
K. S. W. Sing
Keyword(s):  
Surface Properties ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Adsorption Of Nitrogen
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document