scholarly journals Effect of Propolis Preparations on Transepithelial Electrical Potential, Resistance, and Ion Transport in In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Paulina Smyk ◽  
Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽  
Dorota Olszewska-Słonina
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Ions Transport

Background. Propolis and its ethanol extract show positive germicidal, bacteriostatic, and anti-inflammatory antioxidants and regenerative properties after use on the surface of the skin. Propolis is in common use in production of cosmetics and in folk medicine. The influence of this resinous mixture on ion channels, channels located in skin cells membranes and skin electrical resistance, was not explained. Objective. The main aim of the study was the evaluation of electrophysiological skin parameters during mechanical and chemical-mechanical stimulation after use of ethanol extract of propolis and propolis ointment in comparison with iso-osmotic Ringer solution. Methods. Skin fragments were taken from white New Zealand rabbits and distributed into three experimental groups which were incubated in ethanol extract of propolis (EEP), propolis ointment, and Ringer solution. Then they were placed in a Ussing chamber to measure electrophysiological parameters values. Results. In this study the influence of EEP on changes in value of electrical potential during block of chloride ions transport at the same time was observed. Ethanol propolis extract dissolved in water increases the transepidermal sodium ions transport in contrast to propolis ointment. Conclusion. The way of preparation cosmetics, which contain propolis, has effects on transepidermal ions transport in the rabbit’s skin. The value of skin electrical resistance is changing with penetration depth of active propolis substances contained in cosmetics.

Transepithelial Resistance and Inulin Permeability as Endpoints in In Vitro Nephrotoxicity Testing

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Duff ◽  
Simon Carter ◽  
Gemma Feldman ◽  
Gordon McEwan ◽  
Walter Pfaller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Ussing Chamber ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Transepithelial Electrical Resistance ◽  
Madin Darby Canine Kidney ◽  
Darby Canine Kidney ◽  
Canine Kidney

Transepithelial electrical resistance (RT) and the flux of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) across Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) strain 1 cells and porcine epithelial kidney (LLC-PK1) monolayers were compared between three laboratories for a range of nephrotoxins. The precision of the REMS AutoSampler was similar to that of the Ussing chamber and the ENDOHM® technique, but superior to using chopstick electrodes, for measurements of resistance. The nephrotoxins used were selective for the proximal tubule, and in all cases, LLC-PK1 cells were more sensitive than MDCK cells. In most cases, change in RT was a more sensitive indicator of damage than alterations in FITC flux. The REMS system provides high intra-plate precision for RT measurements and is a higher throughput system, which is applicable to screening for nephrotoxicity in vitro.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ETHANOL EXTRACT ON THE VIABILITY OF STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS AND AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS (DENTAL BIOFILM RESEARCH: IN VITRO STUDY)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Royan Diana ◽  
Hedijanti Joenoes ◽  
Ariadna A Djais
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effect of Curcuma xanthrorrhiza ethanol extract to the viability of Streptococcus mutans and Aggregatibacter  actinomycetemcomitans using single- and dual-species biofilm at different phases of formation.Methods: Biofilm models were incubated for 4, 12, and 24 hrs, then exposed to the extract at a concentration of 0.525%.Results: The viability of the single-species S. mutans biofilm was low (p<0.05), and no significant difference (p>0.05) was found between singlespeciesA. actinomycetemcomitans and dual-species biofilm.Conclusions: Curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract is more effective for decreasing the viability of single-species S. mutans biofilm.

scholarly journals Azaspiracids Increase Mitochondrial Dehydrogenases Activity in Hepatocytes: Involvement of Potassium and Chloride Ions

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pelin ◽  
Jane Kilcoyne ◽  
Chiara Florio ◽  
Philipp Hess ◽  
Aurelia Tubaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Channels ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Channel Inhibition ◽  
Dehydrogenases Activity

Background: Azaspiracids (AZAs) are marine toxins that are produced by Azadinium and Amphidoma dinoflagellates that can contaminate edible shellfish inducing a foodborne poisoning in humans, which is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. Among these, AZA1, -2, and -3 are regulated in the European Union, being the most important in terms of occurrence and toxicity. In vivo studies in mice showed that, in addition to gastrointestinal effects, AZA1 induces liver alterations that are visible as a swollen organ, with the presence of hepatocellular fat droplets and vacuoles. Hence, an in vitro study was carried out to investigate the effects of AZA1, -2, and -3 on liver cells, using human non-tumor IHH hepatocytes. Results: The exposure of IHH cells to AZA1, -2, or -3 (5 × 10−12–1 × 10−7 M) for 24 h did not affect the cell viability and proliferation (Sulforhodamine B assay and 3H-Thymidine incorporation assay), but they induced a significant concentration-dependent increase of mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity (MTT reduction assay). This effect depends on the activity of mitochondrial electron transport chain complex I and II, being counteracted by rotenone and tenoyl trifluoroacetone, respectively. Furthermore, AZAs-increased mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity was almost totally suppressed in the K+-, Cl−-, and Na+-free media and sensitive to the specific inhibitors of KATP and hERG potassium channels, Na+/K+, ATPase, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channels. Conclusions: These results suggest that AZA mitochondrial effects in hepatocytes derive from an imbalance of intracellular levels of K+ and, in particular, Cl− ions, as demonstrated by the selective reduction of toxin effects by CFTR chloride channel inhibition.

scholarly journals Activation of antilipolytic α2-adrenergic receptors by epinephrine during exercise in human adipose tissue

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (4) ◽  
pp. R1076-R1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Stich ◽  
Isabelle de Glisezinski ◽  
Francois Crampes ◽  
Hana Suljkovicova ◽  
Jean Galitzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Glycerol Concentration ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes ◽  
Exercise Induced

The involvement of the antilipolytic α2-adrenergic pathway and the specific role of epinephrine in the control of lipolysis during exercise in adipose tissue (AT) were investigated in healthy male subjects (age: 24.1 ± 2.2 yr; body mass index: 23.0 ± 1.6). An in vitro study carried out on isolated adipocytes showed that the weak lipolytic effect of epinephrine was potentiated after blockade of α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) by an α2-AR antagonist and reached that of isoproterenol, a β-AR agonist. The effect of the nonselective α2-AR antagonist phentolamine on the response of the extracellular glycerol concentration (EGC) in AT during two successive bouts of aerobic exercise (50% maximum O2 uptake, 60 min duration) was evaluated using the microdialysis method. The metabolic responses measured in perfused probes with Ringer solution were compared with those obtained in perfused probes with Ringer plus 0.1 mmol/l phentolamine. Plasma norepinephrine level was not different during the two exercise bouts, whereas that of epinephrine was 2.5-fold higher during the second exercise. EGC in AT was twofold higher in the second compared with the first exercise, and the same response pattern was found for plasma glycerol. The exercise-induced increase in EGC was higher in the probe perfused with phentolamine compared with the control probe in both bouts of exercise. However, the potentiating effect of phentolamine on EGC was significant during the second exercise bout but did not reach a significant level during the first. These results suggest that epinephrine is involved in the control of lipid mobilization through activation of antilipolytic α2-AR in human subcutaneous AT during exercise.

scholarly journals Opposite Effects of Single-Dose and Multidose Administration of the Ethanol Extract of Danshen on CYP3A in Healthy Volunteers

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Furong Qiu ◽  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Yueming Ma ◽  
Guangji Wang ◽  
Chenglu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Open Label ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single- and multidose administration of the ethanol extract of danshen on in vivo CYP3A activity in healthy volunteers. A sequential, open-label, and three-period pharmacokinetic interaction study design was used based on 12 healthy male individuals. The plasma concentrations of midazolam and its metabolite 1-hydroxymidazolam were measured. Treatment with single dose of the extract caused the meanCmaxof midazolam to increase by 87% compared with control. After 10 days of the danshen extract intake, the mean AUC0–12,Cmax, andt1/2of midazolam were decreased by 79.9%, 66.6%, and 43.8%, respectively. The mean clearance of midazolam was increased by 501.6% compared with control. The in vitro study showed that dihydrotanshinone I in the extract could inhibit CYP3A, while tanshinone IIA and cryptotanshinone could induce CYP3A. In conclusion, a single-dose administration of the danshen extract can inhibit intestinal CYP3A, but multidose administration can induce intestinal and hepatic CYP3A.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shyla Jebashree ◽  
S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽  
Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽  
D. Devapriya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

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