Response of a U.S. Rice Hybrid Variety to Extreme Heat and Varying Co2 Concentration During Grain Filling

Despite its relevance, few studies to date have analysed the role of harvest index (HI) in the responsiveness of wheat (Triticum spp.) to elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) under limited water availability. The goal of the present work was to characterise the role of HI in the physiological responsiveness of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) exposed to elevated [CO2] and terminal (i.e. during grain filling) water stress. For this purpose, the performance of wheat plants with high versus low HI (cvv. Sula and Blanqueta, respectively) was assessed under elevated [CO2] (700 μmol mol–1 vs 400 μmol mol–1 CO2) and terminal water stress (imposed after ear emergence) in CO2 greenhouses. Leaf carbohydrate build-up combined with limitations in CO2 diffusion (in droughted plants) limited the responsiveness to elevated [CO2] in both cultivars. Elevated [CO2] only increased wheat yield in fully watered Sula plants, where its larger HI prevented an elevated accumulation of total nonstructural carbohydrates. It is likely that the putative shortened grain filling period in plants exposed to water stress also limited the responsiveness of plants to elevated [CO2]. In summary, our study showed that even under optimal water availability conditions, only plants with a high HI responded to elevated [CO2] with increased plant growth, and that terminal drought constrained the responsiveness of wheat plants to elevated [CO2].

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Changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of winter wheat in response to abiotic stress

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-014-0288-z ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 519-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Krisztina Balla ◽

Szilvia Bencze ◽

Péter Bónis ◽

Tamás Árendás ◽

Ottó Veisz

Keyword(s):

Drought Tolerance ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Effective Quantum Yield ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Breeding Programmes ◽

Net Assimilation

AbstractThe assessment of heat and drought tolerance is of primary importance in breeding programmes designed to improve heat and drought tolerance in cereals. Three winter wheat varieties grown in controlled growth chambers were exposed to heat (H) and drought (D) stress singly and in combination (H+D). The combined effects of H and D stress were much more severe than those of individual treatments for both physiological and yield parameters during grain filling. The chlorophyll content, effective quantum yield of PSII, net assimilation rate, transpiration, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were greatly reduced by H, D and their interaction. Grain yield decreased to a greater extent (48.3%) in Plainsman V, averaged over the stress treatments, than in Mv Magma (67.8%) and Fatima 2 (53.7%). The least decline was found in grain number, except in Plainsman V. Mv Magma tolerated heat stress better than Fatima 2. In terms of photosynthetic activity, Plainsman V showed better drought tolerance than Mv Magma. The results showed that changes in physiological properties during stress treatment are not always associated with changes in yield parameters, so a combination of methods may be needed to give a more precise picture of the stress tolerance of wheat varieties.

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Experimental data from the Braunschweig FACE studies on wheat growth responses to elevated CO2 in combination with nitrogen supply or infrared warming during grain filling.

Open Data Journal for Agricultural Research ◽

10.18174/odjar.v6i0.16397 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Remy Manderscheid ◽

Markus Dier ◽

Martin Erbs ◽

Adam Luig ◽

Elisabeth Oldenburg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elevated Co2 ◽

Growth Models ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Soil Condition ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Area Index ◽

N Supply

This data paper contains data from a FACE experiment with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, c.v. Batis) carried out over two years at Braunschweig, Germany. The experimental variants included firstly a study on the interaction of two levels of CO2 (393, 600 ppm) and three levels of nitrogen (N) fertilization (ca. 40, 190 and 320 kg N ha-1) and secondly a study on the interaction of these CO2 treatments and three levels of infrared warming during grain filling (ambient, ca. +1.5°C and +3°C). In the second study N supply was only ca. 190 kg N ha-1. The datasets of the two studies assembled herein contain data on weather, management, soil condition, soil moisture, phenology, dry weights and N concentrations of the plant (leaves, stems ears), green area index, stem reserves, final grain yield and yield components as well as canopy temperatures (this only applies to the second study). Most of the experimental findings have already been published in scientific journals. Data provided herein are suited to validate the interaction of elevated CO2 concentration and either N supply or high temperature during grain filling in wheat growth models.

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Magnesium Foliar Supplementation Increases Grain Yield of Soybean and Maize by Improving Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism and Antioxidant Metabolism

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 797

Author(s):

Vitor Alves Rodrigues ◽

Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽

João William Bossolani ◽

Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽

José Roberto Portugal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Rubisco Activity ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Antioxidant Metabolism ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Leaf Transpiration

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to explore whether supplementary magnesium (Mg) foliar fertilization to soybean and maize crops established in a soil without Mg limitation can improve the gas exchange and Rubisco activity, as well as improve antioxidant metabolism, converting higher plant metabolism into grain yield. (2) Methods: Here, we tested foliar Mg supplementation in soybean followed by maize. Nutritional status of plants, photosynthesis, PEPcase and Rubisco activity, sugar concentration on leaves, oxidative stress, antioxidant metabolism, and finally the crops grain yields were determined. (3) Results: Our results demonstrated that foliar Mg supplementation increased the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance, and reduced the sub-stomatal CO2 concentration and leaf transpiration by measuring in light-saturated conditions. The improvement in photosynthesis (gas exchange and Rubisco activity) lead to an increase in the concentration of sugar in the leaves before grain filling. In addition, we also confirmed that foliar Mg fertilization can improve anti-oxidant metabolism, thereby reducing the environmental stress that plants face during their crop cycle in tropical field conditions. (4) Conclusions: Our research brings the new glimpse of foliar Mg fertilization as a strategy to increase the metabolism of crops, resulting in increased grain yields. This type of biological strategy could be encouraged for wide utilization in cropping systems.

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