scholarly journals Network Formation under Heterogeneous Costs: The Multiple Group Model

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard van der Laan ◽  
Jurjen J.A. Kamphorst
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Multiple Group

scholarly journals NETWORK FORMATION UNDER HETEROGENEOUS COSTS: THE MULTIPLE GROUP MODEL

2007 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 599-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
JURJEN KAMPHORST ◽  
GERARD VAN DER LAAN
Keyword(s):  
Network Formation ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Characterization Result ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Aggregate Behavior ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Do So

It is widely recognized that the shape of networks influences both individual and aggregate behavior. This raises the question which types of networks are likely to arise. In this paper we investigate a model of network formation, where players are divided into groups and the costs of a link between any pair of players are increasing in the distance between the groups that these players belong to. We give a full characterization of the networks induced by a minimal curb set for any number of groups. To do so, we show that in our multiple group model each minimal curb set is a so-called super-tight curb set, that is a minimal curb set satisfying the condition that in each state of the set every player has the same best reply. From the proof it follows that every recurrent class of an unperturbed best reply dynamics is a minimal (super-tight) curb set and reversely, which yields the characterization result. We show that in case of multiple groups networks in minimal curb sets may have features that can not occur in networks with at most two groups. Nevertheless, local centrality and center-sponsorship are still important characteristics of the networks in minimal curb sets.

The Development and Validation of Teen Beliefs on Relationship Abuse Measure (TBRAM)

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097622
Author(s):  
Chen Zong ◽  
Courtney Donovan ◽  
Taryn Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Personal Beliefs ◽  
School Students ◽  
Relationship Abuse ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The purpose of this study was to validate an original and innovative survey focused on both teens’ personal beliefs and how they perceived their peers’ beliefs regarding relationship abuse with four research questions: What are the measured constructs in this survey? Is the hypothesized factor structure of the five types of relationship abuse confirmed? Does the validity of constructs vary among racial/ethnic groups and genders? Are there differences between teens’ own beliefs on relationship abuse and their perceptions of peers’ beliefs? To address these questions, two confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were examined with 591 high school students’ responses. The first CFA model was created based on the exploratory factor analysis results and the second CFA model was created based on the theoretically hypothesized model of five types of relationship abuse. The results indicate that the 5-factor, 11-item model based on the theoretical hypothesis is the best fit to the data. The multiple group model analysis demonstrated that the identified CFA measurement model was invariant across different gender and racial/ethnic groups. The validated instrument of Teen Beliefs on Relationship Abuse Measure is a reliable and valid way to measure both teens’ personal beliefs and their perceptions of peers’ beliefs on five types of relationship abuse including emotional, physical, sexual, stalking, and digital abuses. With the validated model, t-test results indicate that teens’ own beliefs are significantly more positive than their perceptions of their peers’ beliefs for all the five factors. The measure is useful for researchers, educators, and parents to measure and understand teen perceptions of themselves and their peers on different types of relationship abuses to better support them develop healthy, respectful, and nonviolent relationships.

scholarly journals The Reciprocal Relationship between Frailty and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Rural China: A Cross-Lag Analysis

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Xuehui Wang ◽  
Kaijun Shen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Panel Model

(1) Objective: This study aimed to investigate the reciprocal relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms using longitudinal data among older adults in China. (2) Methods: Data derived from 2014 and 2017 waves of a longitudinal study of 1367 older adults aged 70–84 years, living in rural areas of Jiangsu Province, China. Cross-lagged panel model and a multiple group model were used to examine the temporal effect of frailty on depressive symptoms and vice versa. (3) Results: Frailty was associated with subsequent increase in depressive symptoms, such that participants with higher levels of frailty increase the risks of depressive symptoms (b = 0.090, p < 0.01). Depressive symptoms were significant predictors of increased frailty (b = −0.262, p <0.001). However, older men and older women had no significant differences in the reciprocal relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, we find a significant bi-directional relationship between frailty and depressive symptoms. This finding confirms the dyadic model of frailty and depression. Implications for interventions and policy to help frail and depressive older adults are discussed.

scholarly journals Constructing The Facets of Altruistic Behavior (FAB) Scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Lucie Binder ◽  
Martin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Factor Measurement

Behavior is effectively altruistic to the degree that it is costly for the actor while benefiting others. In a series of preregistered studies, we constructed a 15-item self-report scale assessing three different facets of altruistic behavioral traits: help-giving, moral courage, and peer punishment. Item selection was performed with the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures as implemented in the stuart package for R. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor measurement model showed excellent fit, outperforming classical item selection procedures. The scale was structure-validated in a second sample using a multiple group model that showed full measurement and structural invariance. A pilot study shows correlations of the subscales with economic game decisions. We discuss the scale structure and potential applications.

scholarly journals Moderated mediation analysis: an illustration using the association of gender with delinquency and mental health

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N.V Miles ◽  
Magdalena Kulesza ◽  
Brett Ewing ◽  
Regina A Shih ◽  
Joan S Tucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Single Group ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Group Regression

Purpose – When researchers find an association between two variables, it is useful to evaluate the role of other constructs in this association. While assessing these mediation effects, it is important to determine if results are equal for different groups. It is possible that the strength of a mediation effect may differ for males and females, for example – such an effect is known as moderated mediation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Participants were 2,532 adolescents from diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds and equally distributed across gender. The goal of this study was to investigate parental respect as a potential mediator of the relationship between gender and delinquency and mental health, and to determine whether observed mediation is moderated by gender. Findings – Parental respect mediated the association between gender and both delinquency and mental health. Specifically, parental respect was a protective factor against delinquency and mental health problems for both females and males. Practical implications – Demonstrated the process of estimating models in Lavaan, using two approaches (i.e. single group regression and multiple group regression model), and including covariates in both models. Originality/value – The authors demonstrate the process of estimating these models in Lavaan, using two approaches, a single group regression model and a multiple group model, and the authors demonstrate how to include covariates in these models.

scholarly journals Stability and Bifurcation for a Multiple-Group Model for the Dynamics of HIV/AIDS Transmission

1992 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
WenZhang Huang ◽  
Kenneth L. Cooke ◽  
Carlos Castillo-Chavez
Keyword(s):  
Group Model ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Stability And Bifurcation ◽  
Hiv Aids

scholarly journals NETWORKING AND RISK -TAKING ON GROWTH OF SELECTED KENYA EXPORT FIRMS: AN ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Joyce Achola Ogundo ◽  
Peter Ki Bas ◽  
Robert Otuya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Firm Growth ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Entrepreneurship Policy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Weight Model

Networking and Risk _Taking on Growth of of Export Firms have such an important role in global success and become more useful overtime. Networking and Risk _Taking on Growth of  Export Firms have not been addressed in full, their challenges such as lack of  Literature on Risk -Taking on  Export Firms is very scanty and hence not exhaustive .This Research attempts to utilise Sample size of 169 ,adopted from thesis on in Selected Kenya Export Firms .The Research employed Analysis of Moment Structures to compare Networking and Risk _Taking to Analyse Growth of  Export Firms Selected Kenya Export Firms, GFI was utilized to determine model goodness of fit, Multiple Group Model Comparisons. Finding indicate that the two Models of Networking and Risk _Taking differ, it was clear that equal Standardized Regression weight model results were substantially worse on overall model fit, specifically on Risk -Taking. A comparative analysis identified issues on Networking which proved to be useful as a construct of Growth of Export Firms for its application on Export Firms however some limitations in terms of: Error difference, Low model goodness of fit were faced by the Risk-Taking. The study concludes that the dimensions of Networking were positively related to export firm growth. The study recommends: development of entrepreneurship policy, the public sector needs to focus attention on developing networking opportunities among employees. Export firms should undertake research on Risk-Taking and segments that can support firm growth.

scholarly journals Constructing the Facets of Altruistic Behaviors (FAB) Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-313
Author(s):  
Sabine Windmann ◽  
Lucie Binder ◽  
Martin Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Item Selection ◽  
Group Model ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Help Giving ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Factor Measurement

Abstract. Behavior is effectively altruistic to the degree that it is costly for the actor while benefiting others. In a series of preregistered studies, we constructed a 15-item self-report scale assessing three different facets of altruistic behavioral traits: help-giving, moral courage, and peer punishment. Item selection was performed with the help of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) procedures as implemented in the stuart package for R. Confirmatory factor analysis of the three-factor measurement model showed excellent fit, outperforming classical item selection procedures. The scale was structure-validated in a second sample using a multiple group model that showed full measurement and structural invariance. A pilot study shows correlations of the subscales with economic game decisions. We discuss the scale structure and potential applications.

An Adapted Measure of Teacher Self-Efficacy for Preservice Teachers: Exploring its Validity Across two Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Pfitzner-Eden ◽  
Felicitas Thiel ◽  
Jenny Horsley
Keyword(s):  
Preservice Teachers ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Teacher Self Efficacy ◽  
Dimensional Assessment ◽  
Metric Measurement

Teacher self-efficacy (TSE) is an important construct in the prediction of positive student and teacher outcomes. However, problems with its measurement have persisted, often through confounding TSE with other constructs. This research introduces an adapted TSE instrument for preservice teachers, which is closely aligned with self-efficacy experts' recommendations for measuring self-efficacy, and based on a widely used measure of TSE. We provide first evidence of construct validity for this instrument. Participants were 851 preservice teachers in three samples from Germany and New Zealand. Results of the multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses showed a uniform 3-factor solution for all samples, metric measurement invariance, and a consistent and moderate correlation between TSE and a measure of general self-efficacy across all samples. Despite limitations to this study, there is some first evidence that this measure allows for a valid 3-dimensional assessment of TSE in preservice teachers.

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