scholarly journals Investigating the seismic impact made by the underground large-scale blast on the secure facilities of Kyshtym GOK when caving the floor pillar

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav Kutuev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Seismic Stability ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Seismic Vibrations ◽  
Seismic Impact

Introduction. Within the mining claim boundaries of Kyshtym GOK the underground large-scale blast was made to cave in the floor pillar with the maximum explosive weight of 963 kg at the spacing stage. The Institute of Mining UB RAS has received a task to study the seismic impact of the underground large-scale blast on the secure facilities of Kyshtym underground mine industrial site located in the close proximity to the sites of blast works. Research aim is to determine the seismic stability of grounds at the sites of the secure facilities and the permissible values of vibration velocities for Kyshtym GOK buildings. It is also necessary to determine the permissible distances from the blast to the secure facilities for 5 engineering-geological elements on the basis of physical and mechanical properties of rock. Research methodology. On the basis of the initial data, according to the method of IM UB RAS, ground seismic stability calculations have been made at the sites of the facilities to determine the permissible values of vibration velocities for Kyshtym GOK buildings. A multivariate calculation of permissible distances from the blast to the secure facilities for 5 engineering-geological elements (EGE) has also been made depending on the explosive weight at the spacing stage, the coefficient of ground conditions and the permissible velocity of seismic vibrations. Results. The actual velocities of earthquake vibrations were determined by the results of experimental measurements using Minimate Plus and URAN seismic recorders, the values of which did not exceed the permissible velocities of ground motion in the base of buildings. Summary. As a result of comparing calculated values and experimental measurements, the recommendations have been given to establish the limitation of the explosive weight at the spacing stage to the level of minimum hazardous values during the large-scale blasts in the underground mine.

Influence of underground mass explosion on protected objects of the industrial site in case of collapse of the interstory whole

2020 ◽  
pp. 368-382
Author(s):  
V. A. Kutuev ◽  
S. N. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Underground Mine ◽  
Seismic Stability ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Industrial Site ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Seismic Vibrations ◽  
Seismic Impact

Within the boundaries of the mining branch of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC the underground large-scale blast was made to cave in the interstorey pillar with the maximum explosive weight 963 kg at the spacing stage. The Institute of Mining of Ural Branch of RAS has received a task to study the seismic impact of the underground large-scale blast on the protected objects of the industrial site of Kyshtymsky underground mine located in the close proximity to the sites of blast works. The aim of the work is to determine the seismic stability of grounds on sites of the protected objects and the permissible values of vibration velocities for buildings of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC. It is also necessary to determine the permissible distances from the blast to the protected objects for 5 engineering-geological elements on the basis of physical and mechanical properties of deposit rocks. On the basis of the initial data, according to the method of the Institute of Mining of Ural Branch of RAS, the authors have performed a complex of calculations of seismic stability of grounds on sites of the objects to determine the permissible values of vibration velocities for buildings of JSC Kyshtymsky MCC. The authors have also performed a multiversion calculation of permissible distances from the blast to the protected objects for 5 engineering-geological elements (EGE) depending on the the explosive weight at the spacing stage, the coefficient of ground conditions and the permissible velocity of seismic vibrations. As a result of comparison of the calculated values and experimental measurements, the recommendations have been given to establish the limitation of the explosive weight at the spacing stage to the level of minimum hazardous values during the large-scale blasts in the underground mine.

Seismic safety of large-scale blasting in natural stone quarries

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
S. G. Onika ◽  
◽  
F. G. Khalyavkin ◽  
A. K. Gets ◽  
V. Ch. Orlovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Delay Interval ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seismic Waves ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Seismic Stability ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Seismic Impact

In actual practice, reduction of seismic impact of blasts down to safe level is based on standard technical documentation as well as on recommendations developed by research institutions and specialized agencies. Chiefly, these regulations are concerned with limitation of explosive mass. In the meanwhile, blasting efficiency is governed by strength of rock, various degrees of rock mass fracturing and watering, as well as by different seismic stability of close-spaced facilities, which requires application of different kinds of explosives. This article presents a case-study of seismically safe blasting design and justification for Mikashevichi granite quarry based on the PPV prediction in the basement of guarded objects. The quarry zoning is accomplished by the criterion of allowable explosive mass per one delay interval. The probabilistic PPV prediction method is described. The residential and industrial facilities within the seismic impact zone of blasting in Mikashevichi quarry can experience adverse effect of seismic waves during mining advance, which requires introduction of differentiated limitation of allowable explosive mass per one delay interval. The probabilistic approach to blasting pattern design with regard to theoretical distribution of seismicity coefficients ensures the seismic safety of blasting. The developed chart of seismically safe explosive charges per delay interval ensures integrated safety of all guarded objects at the natural stone quarry, with allowance for closer spaced blasting operations and subsequent mining advance.

scholarly journals Research into influence of drilling-and-blasting operations on the stability of the Kusmuryn open-pit sides in the Republic of Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Bolatkhan Hussan ◽  
Daulet Takhanov ◽  
Sergey Kuzmin ◽  
Sharabidin Abdibaitov
Keyword(s):  
Rock Mass ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Seismic Stability ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
Rock Hardness ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Seismic Impact

Purpose. Research into influence of drilling-and-blasting operations on the nature of deformation in near-side masses of the design open-pit contours and assessing the seismic impact of blasting operations, which are the basis for development of recommendations on the rational parameters of drilling-and-blasting operations. Methods. The influence of drilling-and-blasting operations at the limiting contour of the Kusmuryn field is studied using the analysis of the mining-and-geological conditions and tectonics of the rocks constituing the field, in-situ surveying the state of the open-pit sides, analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the host rocks, analytical studies and instrumental measurements of the blasting effect. Findings. Based on the analytical methods, the calculation and analysis of the seismic stability of the rocks at the field have been performed. By means of instrumental measurement of the blasting effect in open pit, data have been obtained on the seismic impact of blasting operations on the near-side masses. According to the results of these works, rational parameters of drilling-and-blasting operations at the limiting contour of the open pit have been determined. In addition, the main provisions for the organization of drilling-and-blasting operations at the limiting contour of the open pit have been developed. Originality. In this work, for the first time, a joint research method is applied, which includes an analytical calculation of the shock wave seismic impact on a rock mass, based on the results of which the dependency graphs have been obtained of the seismicity coefficient on the rock hardness coefficient at the Kusmuryn field according to the Protodyakonov scale for various explosives, as well as using the method of instrumental measurements, which serves to determine the seismic impact of an explosion on a rock mass. This makes it possible to substantiate the technology of conducting the drilling-and-blasting operations at the contour, providing a long-term stable position of the permanent side of the open pit. Practical implications. The results of the work will be used to calculate the safe parameters of conducting the blasting operations when placing the side in the final position at the Kusmuryn field. This research method can be applied at any mining enterprise conducting open-cut mining of minerals.

Interpreting Seventeenth-Century Probate Documents: John Carter, Master Carpenter in St Albans

2011 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Jane Harris ◽  
Pat Howe
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Social Standing ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Market Town ◽  
Consumer Age

This is a study of a successful seventeenth-century carpenter in St Albans, John Carter, using probate and other documents, assisted by a large-scale computer database of St Albans residents of the period. Sections of the article cover his family, his work and his house and its contents, which have been reconstructed from his probate inventory and from knowledge of the structure of other local houses of the period. Carter's social standing is discussed, both in its local context and in relation to previous probate inventory analyses. This micro-study sheds unusual light upon aspects of the life of a 'middling sort' of person, living in a thriving market town in close proximity to London, at the beginning of the consumer age.

scholarly journals A therapeutic vascular conduit to support in vivo cell-secreted therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward X. Han ◽  
Hong Qian ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Maria Figetakis ◽  
Natalia Kosyakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Delivery Platform ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

AbstractA significant barrier to implementation of cell-based therapies is providing adequate vascularization to provide oxygen and nutrients. Here we describe an approach for cell transplantation termed the Therapeutic Vascular Conduit (TVC), which uses an acellular vessel as a scaffold for a hydrogel sheath containing cells designed to secrete a therapeutic protein. The TVC can be directly anastomosed as a vascular graft. Modeling supports the concept that the TVC allows oxygenated blood to flow in close proximity to the transplanted cells to prevent hypoxia. As a proof-of-principle study, we used erythropoietin (EPO) as a model therapeutic protein. If implanted as an arteriovenous vascular graft, such a construct could serve a dual role as an EPO delivery platform and hemodialysis access for patients with end-stage renal disease. When implanted into nude rats, TVCs containing EPO-secreting fibroblasts were able to increase serum EPO and hemoglobin levels for up to 4 weeks. However, constitutive EPO expression resulted in macrophage infiltration and luminal obstruction of the TVC, thus limiting longer-term efficacy. Follow-up in vitro studies support the hypothesis that EPO also functions to recruit macrophages. The TVC is a promising approach to cell-based therapeutic delivery that has the potential to overcome the oxygenation barrier to large-scale cellular implantation and could thus be used for a myriad of clinical disorders. However, a complete understanding of the biological effects of the selected therapeutic is absolutely essential.

Aquaculture in North America: An Assessment of Future Prospects

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Cheap Alternative ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Simple Technology

The farming of aquatic environments is already a large-scale world enterprise involving relatively simple technology, but aquacultural production in North America is only a small part of the world total. Aquaculture is only economically rewarding where high rates of production over a long growing period can be coupled with close proximity to large markets in which there are few cheap alternative sources of protein. Much of North American aquaculture is aimed at meeting demands of recreational fishermen rather than as a way of producing food. There are many opportunities for development of aquaculture in North America and it seems reasonable to project substantial increases in production in the next two decades.Key words: aquaculture, geographical location, North America, future prospects, economics

Disordering of MgAl2O4 spinel from first principles

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Warren ◽  
M. T. Dove ◽  
S. A. T. Redfern
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Electronic Structure ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Zero Temperature ◽  
Macroscopic Models ◽  
Tetrahedral Sites ◽  
Degree Of Order ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractAt high temperature, MgAl2O4 spinel is stabilized by disorder of Mg and Al between octahedral and tetrahedral sites. This behaviour has been measured up to 1700 K in recent neutron experiments, but the extrapolation of subsequently fitted thermodynamic models is not reliable. First principles simulation of the electronic structure of such minerals can in principle accurately predict disorder, but would require unfeasibly large computing resources. We have instead parameterized on-site and short-ranged cluster potentials using a small number of electronic structure simulations at zero temperature. These potentials were then used in large-scale statistical simulations at finite temperatures to predict disordering thermodynamics beyond the range of experimental measurements. Within the temperature range of the experiment, good agreement is obtained for the degree of order. The entropy and free energy are calculated and compared to those from macroscopic models.

scholarly journals Low sperm to egg ratio required for successful in vitro fertilisation in a pair-spawning teleost, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Ramos-Júdez ◽  
Wendy Ángela González-López ◽  
Jhons Huayanay Ostos ◽  
Noemí Cota Mamani ◽  
Carlos Marrero Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Solea Senegalensis ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Close Proximity

AbstractCultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) breeders fail to spawn fertilised eggs and this bottleneck could be solved with the implementation of large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocols. However, low production of poor-quality sperm has frustrated the development of in vitro fertilisation protocols. Cultured females were induced to ovulate with a 5 µg kg-1 single injection of gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and good quality eggs (82.6 ± 9.2% fertilisation) were stripped 41:57 ± 1:46 h after the injection. Sperm was collected from cultured males, diluted in modified Leibovitz and used fresh to fertilise the eggs. A non-linear regression, an exponential rise to a maximum (R = 0.93, P < 0.0001) described the number of motile spermatozoa required to fertilise a viable egg and 1617 motile spermatozoa were sufficient to fertilise 99 ± 12% (± 95% CI) of viable eggs. Similar, spermatozoa egg-1 ratios of 592 ± 611 motile spermatozoa egg-1 were used in large-scale in vitro fertilisations with 190,512 ± 38,471 eggs. The sperm from a single male (145 ± 50 µL or 8.0 ± 6.8 × 108 spermatozoa) was used to fertilise the eggs. The mean hatching rate of the large-scale in vitro fertilisations was 70 ± 14 % to provide 131,540 ± 34,448 larvae per fertilisation. When unfertilised eggs were stored at room temperature the percentage of viable eggs decreased gradually and indicated the sooner eggs were fertilised after stripping the higher the viability of the eggs. The collection of sperm directly into a syringe containing modified Leibovitz significantly increased the percentage of motile spermatozoa (33.4 ± 12.2 %) compared to dilution in modified Leibovitz immediately after collection (6.6 ± 4.9 %). Senegalese sole have a pair-spawning reproductive behaviour characterised by external gamete fertilisation in close proximity with no sperm competition. The low spermatozoa egg-1 ratio required for maximum fertilisation was consistent with this reproductive behaviour and strategy. The provision of a large-scale in vitro fertilisation protocol (200 µL of sperm per 100 mL of eggs) will enable the industry to operate sustainably and implement breeding programs to improve production.

Residency and movement dynamics of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) after a translocation event

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Linnane ◽  
Shane Penny ◽  
Peter Hawthorne ◽  
Matthew Hoare
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Translocation Event ◽  
South West ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Jasus Edwardsii ◽  
Almost All

Previous movement studies on the southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) have all involved releasing tagged animals at the point of capture. In 2007, 5298 lobsters, in total, were tagged and translocated from an offshore site (>100-m depth) to two inshore sites (<20-m depth) in South Australia. After a period of 735 days, 510 (9.6%) had been recaptured. The majority of translocated lobsters were located within close proximity to the release points, with 306 (60%) having moved <5km. Of the remainder, 133 (26%) were recaptured within 5–10km, with a further 71 (14%) individuals having moved >10km. Movement patterns were highly directional in nature, with individuals consistently travelling in a south-west bearing, regardless of distance moved. In almost all cases, movement was from inshore to offshore sites, with female lobsters travelling significantly further (mean 5.66km ±6.41s.d.) than males (mean 5.02km ±9.66s.d.). The results are consistent with previous large-scale tagging studies of J. edwardsii, which indicated high residency levels but with occasional directed movement by some individuals.

The Shang burials at the Yangjiawan Locality of the Panlongcheng Site in Wuhan

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Shang Dynasty ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grave Goods

Abstract In 2013, the Department of Archaeology, School of History of Wuhan University and the Panlongcheng City Ruins Museum excavated seven burials of the Shang Dynasty at Yangjiawan Locality within the Panlongcheng Site in Wuhan City. All the burials were vertical earthen shaft burials. Some of the burials featured waist pits, human and/or animal sacrifices. The grave goods assemblage included artifacts made of bronze, jade, stone, pottery, gold and turquoise. Some of the unearthed objects were seen for the first time in the archaeology of Panlongcheng. The burials can be roughly dated to the terminal phase of the Panlongcheng Site. The Yangjiawan Locality yielded the densest distribution of burials in the Panlongcheng Site. It was an important cemetery of the early to the mid Shang Dynasty. The cemetery was in close proximity to a previously excavated large-scale architectural foundation of the Shang Dynasty. Together, these findings are important information for the understanding of the layout of the Panlongcheng Site.

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