Soil fauna of cut and burnt forest areas in the Khibiny Mountains

In the framework of monitoring the restoration of anthropogenic disturbed soil cover and its invertebrates fauna in the polar mountains, a study of pine forest cut and burnt forest areas have been conducted in the inter-mountain valley of the Khibiny Mts. Changes of edaphic factors that determine the diversity and abundance of soil fauna were revealed five years after exposure the fire: decrease of soil pH (from 3.8 to 4.2), and content of total carbon and nitrogen, and a steady increase of humidity in the upper soil horizon in the felling and in the burned pine forest. In soil samples at four sites, representatives of 20 taxonomic groups of invertebrates have been taken into account, with greater diversity and minimal numbers in the burnt pine forest. A significant reduction of soil fauna number has been detected as a result of all types of anthropogenic impact, with insignificant differences in this parameter between disturbed sites (burnt pine forest, forest cutting, and burnt forest cutting). In a pair of control pine forest and a burnt pine forest an increasing differences in the structure of the soil fauna has been revealed in comparison with the study of these territories in 2015 or two years after a ground fire. The importance of a vegetation layer confirmed for preserving the soil fauna and maintaining the hydrothermal regime favorable for its recovery. The attraction of light- and thermophilic species of ground beetles and staphylinids, which are not typical for Khibiny Mts has been revealed on the burning felling and burning pine forest. Thus, burnt territories enrich the local fauna of this Polar Mountain Massif and the fauna of the Murmansk region as a whole.

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Relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2009000800031 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 996-1001 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pedro Rodolfo Siqueira Vendrame ◽

Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽

Osmar Rodrigues Brito ◽

Maria de Fátima Guimarães ◽

Thierry Becquer

Keyword(s):

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Macrofauna ◽

Exchangeable Calcium ◽

Exchangeable Ca ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

Distrito Federal ◽

Calcium And Magnesium ◽

Taxonomic Groups ◽

The Relationship ◽

Soil Groups

The objective of this work was to assess the relationship between macrofauna, mineralogy and exchangeable calcium and magnesium in Cerrado Oxisols under pasture. Twelve collection points were chosen in the Distrito Federal and in Formosa municipality, Goiás state, Brazil, representing four soil groups with varied levels of calcium + magnesium and kaolinite/(kaolinite + gibbsite) ratios. Soil macrofauna was collected in triplicate at each collection point, and identified at the level of taxonomic groups. Macrofauna density showed correlation with contents of kaolinite, gibbsite and exchangeable Ca + Mg in the soils. Mineralogy and exchangeable Ca + Mg had significant effects on taxonomic groups and relative density of soil macrofauna. The termites (Isoptera) were more abundant in soils with low exchangeable Ca + Mg; earthworms (Oligochaeta), in soils with high levels of kaolinite; and Hemiptera and Coleoptera larvae were more abundant in gibbsitic soils with higher contents of total carbon.

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Composition of the soil fauna in forested and grassy plots at Delhi, Ontario

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z87-462 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 65 (12) ◽

pp. 3048-3055 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. D. Tomlin ◽

J. J. Miller

Keyword(s):

Soil Fauna ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soil Invertebrate ◽

Soil Cores ◽

Litter Layer ◽

Invertebrate Fauna ◽

Dendrobaena Octaedra ◽

Aporrectodea Tuberculata

There were several differences between invertebrate fauna collected from 15 cm deep cores taken from previously cultivated soil (now in grass) and fauna of a similar Fox loamy sand series in a nearby woodlot at Delhi, Ontario (42°51′ N, 80°30′W). Soil invertebrate populations in the grassy field were less dense (931 × 103 vs. 1853 × 103 animals/m2) and less diverse, had less than half of the biomass (1.2 vs. 2.9 g dry wt./m2), and exhibited little significant decrease in invertebrate densities with increasing soil depth compared with woodlot soil cores; woodlot soils exhibited significant decreases in invertebrate densities with increasing soil depth. The litter layer (LFH) of the woodlot provided the highest invertebrate densities and biomasses of any soil horizon tested over the 5-month sampling period. Percent abundances at both sites for most taxa were relatively similar; nematodes, protozoans, and mites were most abundant and earthworms, least abundant. The category "other arthropods" (including hexapods, myriapods, and araneids) was the largest contributor at both sites when taxa were ranked according to biomass. Earthworms were virtually nonexistent in the grassy field and were represented by only two species, Dendrobaena octaedra (Savigny) (which was dominant in both abundance and biomass) and Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen), in woodlot soil. Woodlot faunal densities and biomasses for most taxa were similar to comparable Eurasian sites of similar climate and vegetation.

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Introduced and invasive insect species in the Czech Republic and their economic and ecological impact (Insecta)

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200553050151 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 151-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hana Šefrová

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Ecological Impact ◽

Outdoor Environment ◽

Insect Species ◽

Local Fauna ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Alien Insect ◽

Taxonomic Groups

A total of 383 alien insect species were registered in the Czech Republic, which represents 1.4% of local fauna. The most numerous taxonomic groups are Homoptera (116 species, 30.3%), Coleoptera (110; 28.7%) and Lepidoptera (37; 9.7%). The occurrence of 200 species (52.2%) are limited to closed heated spaces, casual aliens (28; 7.3%) infiltrate the outdoor environment for a short term only, 36 (9.4%) naturalized non-invasive species do not spread from the location of introduction, 50 (13.1%) species are post-invasive and 69 (18.0%) invasive. From the species registered, 61 (15.9%) are stored product pests (especially Coleoptera 36 species, Psocoptera 11, and Lepidoptera 9), 50 (13.1%) are plant pests indoors (especially Coccinea 33 species, Aphidinea 7, and Thysanoptera 6), 25 (i.e. 6.5% of aliens) are pests in agriculture, forestry, and in ornamental cultures, 15 species (3.9%) are important animal parasites, and 5 species (1.3%) can affect biodiversity. Of the remaining 227 species (59.3%), no economic or ecological effects were found. The origin of most of the species living eusynanthropically is in the tropics and subtropics; of the 155 naturalized (non-invasive, post-invasive, and invasive) species, 42 (27.1%) originate from the Mediterranean, 36 (23.2%) from North America, 28 (18.1%) from Central to Southwest Asia, 14 (9.0%) from East Asia, 13 (8.4%) from South and Southeast Asia, with the remaining 22 species (14.2%) coming from other areas.

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Stand heterogeneity of total carbon and nitrogen, and C/N ratio in soil of mountain meadows

Soil and Water Research ◽

10.17221/2107-swr ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. Vranová ◽

P. Formánek ◽

K. Rejšek ◽

D. Janouš

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Plant Community ◽

Total Nitrogen ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Mountain Meadows ◽

Natural Difference

This study was aimed at monitoring the relative and absolute stand heterogeneity of total carbon, total nitrogen and C/N ratio in Ah-Ae-Btg-Bt horizons of Gleyic Luvisol on one mountain meadow divided into two study plots: one moderately (once a season) mown (plant community of the Nardo-Callunetea class) and one abandoned for about 12 years (plant community of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class). The heterogeneities were evaluated more than 2 months after the mowing of the moderately mown meadow at the end of July 2005. Relative stand heterogeneity was expressed using coefficient of variation (CV), absolute stand heterogeneity using the differences between maximum and minimum value. When both meadows were taken into account, the relative stand heterogeneity of total carbon in individual horizons was < 65%, < 73% (total nitrogen), and < 93% (C/N). Lower relative and absolute stand heterogeneity of these parameters was mostly on the abandoned meadow. Relatively higher differences of stand heterogeneity between the meadows were evident in deeper parts of the soil (horizon Btg) and the lowest mainly in horizon Ah (or Bt). The accelerated accumulation of dead organic matter in the autumn caused the natural difference of these inputs not to be substantially eliminated by the presence or absence of mowing. Accelerated eluviation of organic compounds of higher nitrogen content significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the C/N ratio in the Bt horizon (n = 6–8) of the abandoned meadow.

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Long-Term Environmental Monitoring in an Arctic Lake Polluted by Metals under Climate Change

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments7050034 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena M. Zubova ◽

Nikolay A. Kashulin ◽

Vladimir A. Dauvalter ◽

Dmitry B. Denisov ◽

Svetlana A. Valkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

Biotic Interactions ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Ecological Niches ◽

Murmansk Region ◽

Large Populations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Taxonomic Groups

Lake Kuetsjarvi (in the lower reaches of the Pasvik River, Murmansk Region, Russia) in the border area between Russia and Norway, is one of the most polluted water reservoirs in the European Arctic. The operation of the Pechenganikel Smelter located on its shores has led to the extremely high concentrations of heavy metals observed in the waters and sediments of the lake. Long-term comprehensive studies of the ecosystem of Lake Kuetsjarvi have made it possible to identify the response of its components to the global and regional change in the environment and climate as a whole, resulting in increased water toxicity and eutrophication, reduction in the number of stenobiont species of aquatic organisms against the background of an increase in the number of eurybiontic and invasive species. Modern communities of Lake Kuetsjarvi are the result of a combination of long-term changes in the abiotic environment and biotic interactions. Heavy-metal pollution of Lake Kuetsjarvi, observed since the 1930s, has led to the formation of a community that is resistant to this type of impact and supports large populations of adapted species. Adaptations of communities to the dynamics of the environmental conditions that their members are exposed to include changes in the species composition, quantitative indicators, ratios between individual taxonomic groups, and the population structure. The development of sympatric forms that differ in the ecological niches they occupy, morphology, and life cycle strategies, including the transition to a short-cycle survival strategy, allows whitefish to remain the dominant species and maintain high population numbers. Unlike the organismal level, responses to medium-term environmental changes on the population and community level are less specific and characterized by stronger inertia.

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Biomass and Carbon Storage Potential of Oak - Pine Forests in Kumaun Himalaya, India

Indian Journal of Forestry ◽

10.54207/bsmps1000-2019-gg98ml ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 251-254

Author(s):

Pratibha Gwal ◽

◽

Neelu Lodhiyal ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Pine Forest ◽

Forest Growth ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Pinus Roxburghii ◽

North West ◽

Community Forests ◽

North East ◽

Chir Pine

The present study deals with the assessment of density of trees (D), biomass (B) and carbon sequestration (CS) of trees on three aspects, viz. north-west (NW), north-east (NE) and south-east (SE) at different forest stands dominated by Quercus leucotrichophora, Quercus glauca and Pinus roxburghii in Nainital District Kumoun Himalya. The density of trees, saplings and seedlings across Community forests varied from 420-840, 110-6200 and 3510-11250 individuals ha-1, respectively. Total biomass of trees at different aspects ranged from 253 - 429 t ha-1. Total carbon storage of trees was 120.22 t C ha-1 on NW aspect (Banj Oak forest), 203.57 t C ha-1 on NE aspect (Chir Pine forest) and 157.47 t C ha-1 on SE aspect (Chir Pine forest). The carbon storage as well as biomass storage value is higher on northern aspect. It can be concluded that north aspect play an important role in forest growth and maturity which is required for sustainable development/ sustainability of environment. The huge amount of carbon storage by studied Van Panchayat forest sites will help to minimize CO2 rise in the atmosphere.

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A comparative study on carbon stock in Sal (Shorea robusta) forest in two different ecological regions of Nepal

Banko Janakari ◽

10.3126/banko.v26i1.15498 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 24-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

H. P. Pandey ◽

M. Bhusal

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Shorea Robusta ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Carbon Stock Density ◽

The Hill

Estimation of total biomass and carbon sequestration in any forest is crucial as it gives ecological and economic benefits through various environmental services. With an aim to quantify the carbon stock densities in the two different ecological regions–the Hills and the Terai, two Community Forests (CFs) having the dominance of Shorea robusta were selected from Gorkha (in the Hills) and Chitwan (in the Terai) districts for the purpose of the study. Systematic random sampling with 1% sampling intensity was used to collect necessary data. The total carbon stock in the CFs of the Hills and the Terai were found to be 234.54 t ha-1 and 479.29 t ha-1, respectively. The biomass carbon stock density in the CF of the Terai was found to be higher (384.20 t ha-1) than the one in the Hills (123.15 t ha-1). Carbon densities of different carbon pools such as tree; sapling; leaf litter, grass and herbs were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the Terai than in the Hill forest whereas dead wood and stumps and the soil organic carbon density were found to be not significantly different in these regions. Similarly, the highest amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) was found in the uppermost soil horizon in the forests of both the regions. These results revealed that the biomass carbon stock density was higher in the Terai S. robusta forest than in the Hill S. robusta forest. However, the SOC obtained was in inverse relation to that of the biomass carbon stock in both the ecological regions. It would not be biased if different ecological regions with similar forest types are intervened with different management strategies for having more carbon stocks and for the conservation of biodiversity in the days to come.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page: 24-31, 2016

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Quantification of Nitrogen Reductase and Nitrite Reductase Genes in Soil of Thinned and Clear-Cut Douglas-Fir Stands by Using Real-Time PCR

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.02188-09 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 76 (21) ◽

pp. 7116-7125 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

David J. Levy-Booth ◽

Richard S. Winder

Keyword(s):

Forest Soil ◽

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Douglas Fir ◽

N Cycling ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Mineral Horizon ◽

Total N ◽

C And N

ABSTRACT The abundance of nifH, nirS, and nirK gene fragments involved in nitrogen (N) fixation and denitrification in thinned second-growth Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii subsp. menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) forest soil was investigated by using quantitative real-time PCR. Prokaryotic N cycling is an important aspect of N availability in forest soil. The abundance of universal nifH, Azotobacter sp.-specific nifH (nifH-g1), nirS, and nirK gene fragments in unthinned control and 30, 90, and 100% thinning treatments were compared at two long-term research sites on Vancouver Island, Canada. The soil was analyzed for organic matter (OM), total carbon (C), total N, NH4-N, NO3-N, and phosphorus (P). The soil horizon accounted for the greatest variation in nutrient status, followed by the site location. The 30% thinning treatment was associated with significantly greater nifH-g1 abundance than the control treatment in one site; at the same site, nirS in the mineral soil horizon was significantly reduced by thinning. The abundance of nirS genes significantly correlated with the abundance of nirK genes. In addition, significant correlations were observed between nifH-g1 abundance and C and N in the organic horizon and between nirS and nirK and N in the mineral horizon. Overall, no clear influence of tree thinning on nifH, nirS, and nirK was observed. However, soil OM, C, and N were found to significantly influence N-cycling gene abundance.

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A Study of Nutrients from Sludge Applied to Land

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1974.020 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 196-216

Author(s):

T. E. Aldridge

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growing Season ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Soluble Phosphate ◽

Couch Grass ◽

Total Phosphate ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract As part of experiments relating to the application of liquid digested sludge to cropland, four small plots bearing couch grass (Agropyrons repens) were treated at four rates ranging from 7.5 ins. to 0.9 in. in seven weeks. The nitrogen phosphorus and carbon content of each inch of the sludge was equivalent to: total nitrogen, 210 lb./ac.; ammonia nitrogen, 140 lb./ac.; total phosphate, 235 lb./ac; easily soluble phosphate, 45 lb./ac; total carbon, 1,800 lb./ac. Soil samples from the 0–3 in. level and from the 10–12 in. level of the uppermost soil horizon were analyzed for changes in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter. Also growth and crop yield in terms of dry weight were determined at the various rates. By the end of eight weeks at the highest rate, the increases in nutrients in the top 3 inches were: ammonia nitrogen, 105 mg./Kgm; nitrate nitrogen, 50 mg./Kgm.;total phosphate, 1,450 mg./Kgm.; easily soluble phosphate, 50 mg./Kgm; organic carbon, 1.7%. The corresponding increases at the lowest rate were: ammonia nitrogen, 15 mg./Kgm.; nitrate nitrogen, 4.5 mg./Kgm.; total phosphate, 325 mg./Kgm.; easily soluble phosphate, 0; total carbon 0.1%. At the higher rates the nutrients were well in excess of requirements for a growing season and the excess was liable to leaching and transport in surface runoff. At the lower rates there appeared to be a fair balance between nutrients supplied and nutrients that would be taken up by the grass over a full growing season.

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Urban Soils Mycobiota of the Subarctic (Apatity, Murmansk region, Russia)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-2062 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maria Korneykova ◽

Dmitriy Nikitin ◽

Andrey Dolgikh ◽

Anastasia Soshina

Keyword(s):

Species Diversity ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Urban Soils ◽

Residential Area ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Maximum Accumulation ◽

Murmansk Region ◽

Functional Zones

The soils mycobiota of Apatity was first characterized. Significant differences in quantitative and qualitative parameters of urban soils fungal complexes of the Subarctic zone in comparison with zonal soils were revealed. It was shown that the biomass of fungi in the soil of the residential area of Umbric Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic, Neocambic) is 0.18 &#8211; 0.20 mg/g, in the background forest soil Folic Leptic Albic Podzol (Arenic) &#8211; 0.31 mg/g. The smallest values (0.04 &#8211; 0.08 mg / g) are typical for areas with no vegetation and a densely compacted surface (playground - Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic, Neocambic, Technic), unpaved pedestrian walkway &#8211; Umbric Leptic Entic Podzol (Arenic, Neocambic).In the soils of recreational and forest areas, fungi were mainly in the form of mycelium (66-70% of the total biomass), while in the soils of residential and agricultural areas in the form of spores. Spores are mainly represented by small forms up to 3 microns. The amount of large spores is insignificant, but they were mainly detected in the soil of the residential area.The number of copies of ITS rRNA genes of fungi in soils of different functional zones varies from 4.0&#215;109 to 1.14&#215;1010 copies/g of soil, with the highest values in the natural Podzol of the forest zone and Podzol of the unpaved pedestrian walkway.The number of micromycetes CFU in the upper soil horizon ranges from 1&#215;103 to 9&#215;104 CFU/g of soil, reaching maximum values in the soil of the Umbric Leptic Entic Podzol recreation zone (Arenic, Neocambic, Technic). The features of cultivated forms of micromycetes distribution on the soil profile in different functional zones were revealed: in the Podzol of the residential area, the maximum accumulation of fungi was noted in the lower horizons, while in the soil of the recreational, agricultural and forest areas, their maximum number was noted in the top horizon. However, the first two differed from the background one in the absence of a second maximum accumulation of micromycetes in the illuvial Bs horizon.In general, urban soils were characterized by a low species diversity of micromycetes complexes and a specific structure significantly different from the background soils. The genus Penicillium is characterized by maximum species diversity. Trichocladium griseum and Penicillium dierckxii dominate in the communities of microscopic fungi in the soil of the residential zone, P. melinii in the soil of the recreational areas and in the playground, in the soil of agricultural area Plaggic Entic Podzol (Arenic) - micromycetes of the genus Fusarium, and in the background forest soil - P. decumbens.

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