scholarly journals Discourse analysis of the concept of the Community of the Common Destiny and its reflexive component

Communicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
N. B. Pomozova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Destiny ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
Sociological Discourse

The author attempts to comprehend, from the standpoint of sociological discourse analysis, the main modern foreign policy concept of China – the Community of the Common Destiny. In the context of the multi-vector confrontation between the United States and China, the main struggle is for the loyalty of Europeans, namely, citizens of the most economically developed countries of the European Union. In this context, Beijing views discursive power as one of the main tools, without the development and application of which it is impossible to naturally take its rightful place in the international arena. After analyzing Western philosophical theories, including those that were used to create the European Union (Bauer, Renan), the Chinese leadership put forward a global concept that was the result of corresponding sociological reflection. According to Habermas, discourse involves the involvement of the Other in the discussion and is aimed at achieving mutual understanding and agreement. Discourse analysis of the Community of the Common Destiny (based on the material of some speeches of the PRC Chairman Xi Jinping) confirms the following hypothesis: despite its global character and corresponding ambitions, it is formulated in such a way as to be understandable and acceptable, primarily for Europeans.

Global experience in implementing electronic administrative services

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
Yevhen A. Hetman ◽  
Viacheslav S. Politanskyі ◽  
Kateryna O. Hetman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Administrative Services ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
General Scientific

One of the factors for the development of civil society in democratically developed countries is an effective, wellfunctioning institution for providing administrative electronic services. Despite the intensity and wide scope of research covering various aspects of providing electronic administrative services to the population, many issues in this area remain quite debatable, as well as understudied, which conditioned the relevance of the study. The study is aimed at investigating the specific features of implementing electronic administrative services in the practice of countries with the most developed e-government mechanisms. In the study of the problem, a set of general scientific and special methods of cognition was used, in particular, the leading methods were: dialectical, comparative legal, analysis, synthesis, interpretation. The study analysed criteria for evaluating electronic administrative services in the leading countries of the European Union and the United States. The study examines the basic electronic administrative services for citizens in online mode provided in the countries of the European Commonwealth. The study examines the global experience of implementing electronic administrative services in such countries as: USA; France; Great Britain; Germany; Estonia and Sweden. The author’s approach to defining the concept of electronic administrative services is formulated, based on a personal interpretation of this concept from the standpoint of general theoretical analysis. It is concluded that one of the best ways to encourage the provision of administrative services in electronic form in the countries of the European Union is to standardise their provision – the development of clear organisational and technical-technological rules and requirements, and their main position is that the provision of services through electronic means of communication should complement, and not replace other communication channels

scholarly journals O SETOR DE AGRONEGÓCIOS E ALGUNS DE SEUS DESAFIOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (Especial) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Cláudio José Donato ◽  
Eduardo de Lima Silva ◽  
Hualacy Guilherme Odilon do Nascimento ◽  
Irene da Silva Caires ◽  
Letícia Moreira da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
Biographical Research ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

In view of the new Brazilian agribusiness scenario, this article aims to analyze, through a literature review, the challenges and perspectives for Brazilian agribusiness. The methodology adopted was a bi-biographical research. The theoretical considerations pointed out in this study demonstrate the Brazilian agribusiness is an activity that has great representativeness within the economy of the country. It has been shown that one of the challenges is to ensure greater participation in trade liberalization, with a greater counterpart of developed countries, such as the United States and the European Union, in order to gain greater access to international agroindustrial markets. Greater efficiency of public infrastructure services, especially the precariousness of road transport modes, are challenges for this sector. These studies conclude that there is a need to formulate public as well as private policies in order to make greater use of the subregion's potential in the subregion and to build sustainable and sustainable development

scholarly journals Kierunki ewolucji Unii Europejskiej na tle wyzwań globalnych

2018 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Przemysław MIKIEWICZ
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
European Population ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Global Problems

The aim of the author is to present the possible consequences of any further intensification of the global problems which the European Union will have to stand up to, to a larger degree than before. Globalization has not created global problems, but it has contributed to their intensification. There are four groups of global issues that are of particular significance to globalization processes: (1) international security, (2) ecology, (3) demography, and (4) poverty and marginalization. Undoubtedly, the European Union is a ‘privileged’ region as it comprises safe states. Europe and the United States perceive the prevention of threats to be a common interest, which justifies the claim that the two partners are at least partially chained to each other. However, Europe is vulnerable to the consequences of global threats. In future, poor countries will blame developed countries for their problems, including those related to their natural environment. Adverse demographic trends will result in the European population growing older and there will be a decrease in the numbers of native Europeans. International relations may be destabilized in the long-term by the widening gap between the developed countries and developing ones, and by their feelings of being excluded from globalization processes. An alternative to this scenario could be provided by cohesive and active global policies on the part of the EU, however, it cannot change the adverse consequences of modern global trends by itself.

scholarly journals Some aspects of economic interaction between developing and developed countries within the framework of the EU on the example of Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
Мitko Khitov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interaction ◽  
Different Levels

This article discusses the issues of economic interaction between countries with different levels of division of labor, for example Bulgaria, and objective opportunities for each of them to find their place in the economic systems of such supranational entities as the European Union. Historical parallels are drawn in the development of theories at different stages of the movement of economic thought in relation to systems of division of labor, starting from the physiocrats of the Middle Ages, through Adam Smith to the modern vision of the situation. The experience of Bulgaria in building its own national economy in the period after the Liberation from Ottoman rule to the present day is analyzed. A comparative analysis of the achievements of our state, as a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, against the development of neighboring countries, which, however, fell into an alternative system of division of labor. The processes that took place as part of the confrontation of two antagonistic technological zones during the Cold War are described, including some aspects of the dynamics of relations within the world socialist community, which at different periods had a different structure, own achievements and failures, missed opportunities and, ultimately - a capitulation from an order of magnitude larger economic system under the auspices of the United States of America. The author seeks Bulgaria’s place in the current EU integration processes, from the point of view of the objective regional differentiation of this peripheral Balkan state. Conclusions are drawn on the results of the interaction of countries with different levels of division of labor - developing states from Eastern Europe, and developed ones - the founding states of the Union, which form the core of this supranational association. The relevant recommendations are made on the implementation of strategic policies in the economy, education and social sphere for countries that aspire to enter the European Union or are already members as developing economies.

scholarly journals On the Intersectionality of Transnationalism and Citizenship

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Globalized Economy ◽  
Transnational Migrants

Seen positively, transnationalism enriches the cultural, linguistic and religious diversity of many countries and enhances the exchange of goods and services in the increasingly globalized economy. Seen negatively, transnationalism creates disunity in terms of introducing new ethnic, linguistic and religious traditions in developed countries, and poses risks to security and national well being. This paper examines citizenship conceptions, policies and practices directed towards transnational migrants within the European Union, the United States, and Canada. D’un point de vue positif, le transnationalisme enrichit la diversité culturelle, linguistique et religieuse de plusieurs pays et il accroît les échanges de produits et services dans une économie de plus en plus mondialisée. D’un point de vue négatif, le transnationalisme crée des pertes d’unité par l’introduction de nouvelles traditions ethniques, linguistiques et religieuses dans les pays développés, de même qu’il pose des risques à la sécurité et au bien-être national. Cet article examine les conceptions de la citoyenneté, les politiques et les pratiques à l’égard des migrants transnationaux dans l’Union européenne, aux États-Unis et au Canada.

scholarly journals The Governance of Kosovo: Security Council Resolution 1244 and the Establishment and Functioning of eulex

2009 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika de Wet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The Common ◽  
The U.S

On February 4,2008, shortly before Kosovo's controversial unilateral secession from Serbia on February 17 of that year, the Council of the European Union (EU) adopted a Joint Action creating the European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo/EULEX (hereinafter EULEX), the largest and most important mission thus far undertaken within the common European foreign and defense policy. Although EULEX is first and foremost a European undertaking, it is also strongly backed by the United States, which agreed to shoulder 25 percent of the operating costs while the remaining costs would be shared by European and other states. In October 2008, the U.S. Department of State further agreed to provide EULEX with eighty police officers and up to eight judges and prosecutors.

Sustainability Evaluation of the European Union based on the Ecological Footprint

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Drastichová
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Recent production and consumption activities impose a heavy burden on the Earth's current and future capacity. Therefore, it is inevitable to deal with the impacts of the economic activities on the natural resources which determine our future well-being and the survival by itself. The indicators reflecting impacts of regions and countries on the available resources are used in this Paper to operationalize the sustainable development concept. The Ecological Footprint, Total Biocapacity and their components are investigated in the European Union (EU) and its countries and the EU region is compared with the other regions of the world. The additional three developed countries – Norway, Switzerland and the United States (US), were included in the sample together with the EU countries to enable extended comparisons. The aim of the Paper is to evaluate sustainability in the EU and its countries by means of the Ecological Footprint and the available biocapacity and to detect the relations between the countries’ EF and their standard of living and human development level. Concerning the regions, the highest Ecological Footprint per capita is typical of North America followed by the EU region. The Northern countries show largest biocapacities and are thus the largest resource creditors. The worst results in the Ecological Footprint – biocapacity relations analysis are typical of Cyprus, Belgium, Netherlands and Italy. The cross-section regression models confirmed that, at least, in the sample of the developed countries the positive relations between the Ecological Footprint on the one hand and the standard of living / state of the human development on the other hand exist.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF DETERMINATION OF SNOW LOADS FOR ROOFS IN BUILDING CODES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Alexander Belostotsky ◽  
Nikita Britikov ◽  
Oleg Goryachevsky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Snow Loads ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Moment

The article compares the requirements for calculating the snow load on the coatings of buildings and structures in accordance with the regulations of technically developed countries and associations – Russia, the European Union, Canada and the United States. It was revealed that in these norms the general approaches, the subtleties of calculating the coefficients, the set of standard coatings and the schemes of the form coefficient proposed for them differ significantly. This situation reflects the general problem of determining snow loads – at the moment there is no recognized unified scientifically grounded approach to determining snow loads on coatings of even the simplest form. The difference in the normative schemes of snow loads is clearly demonstrated by the example of a three-level roof.

scholarly journals Trends in Dry Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Production

2002 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Food Protein ◽  
The European Union

Dry pea is an important, cool-season grain legume, which is grown worldwide on over 6 million hectares. The major producing countries outside Europe are China and Canada, followed by India, Australia, and the United States. France, Canada and Australia produce over 2 million hectares and are major exporters of peas. During the 1980’s, in developed countries of the European Union, pea production rose yearly by 6-10%, which represents a significant increase in both area and yield. Europe accounts for 50-75% of world pea production. In the 1990’s, the European Union produced 4-5 million tonnes of dry pea, of which 3-4 million tonnes were used for feed and 1 million tonnes for export. At the end of the 20th century, the growth in production was low, mainly because of the absence of support measures, and the better returns offered by other crops. In the countries of the former Soviet Union, dry pea was primarily used as feed and pea production dropped, due to a trend in livestock raising.Food consumption of dry pea is concentrated in developing countries, where grain legumes represent a useful complement to cereal-based diets as a relatively inexpensive source of high quality protein. As a result, human consumption of grain legumes fell from 2,2 kg/capita in 1961 to 0,5 kg/capita in 1999. The importance of grain legumes in food protein supply decreased, while that of cereal products increased. Shortage of grain legumes has adverse effects on the nutritional standard of poor people in developing countries.World dry pea production reached 16,7 million tonnes in 1990, with 3,7 million tonnes used as food, 11,4 million tonnes used as feed, and 1,0 million tonnes used as seed. Dry pea production was 10,9 million tonnes in 1999, and 3,5, 5,8 and 0,8 million tonnes was used as food, feed and seed, respectively. In the coming decades, world grain legume production and utilization as feed are expected to expand at a slower rate than in the 1980’s. Most of the increase is expected to occur in Eastern European countries, Canada and Australia, where production is anticipated to grow at 2% annually. The projection for the new millennium was derived from adjusted trends in area and yield over the period 1961-2000, based on FAO statistical data.

scholarly journals Na ile innowacyjny jest eksport usług z Polski?

2017 ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Czarny ◽  
 Andżelika Kuźnar ◽  
Katarzyna Śledziewska 
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Industry Analysis ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

We analyse Polish export of services, examining how innovative it is. We examine both the changes in the size of Polish exports of services as well as the importance of branches and geographical directions. We stress the relatively small economic and, consequently, export potential of Poland, as compared to the EU and the USA. At the same time, similar potentials of the EU and the USA, and different geographic distances and characteristics of their connections with Poland were the reason for comparing Poland's exports to both partners. To analyse Poland's total export of services, we add to the two previously mentioned trade partners a third group, which consists of relatively less developed countries. Consequently, the recipients of services from Poland are divided into the European Union, the United States and other trading partners defined as non-EU markets minus the USA. Due to absence of data and limited research framework, we limit the overall analysis to the years 2004-2013, while the detailed (industry) analysis to the years 2004-2012. In either case, the last year of the survey is also the last year for which annual Eurostat data is available.

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