scholarly journals Pragmatic Strategy of Indonesian English Teachers in Questioning

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Hieronimus Canggung Darong
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Classroom Talk ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Conservation Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Social Communicative ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies

<em>This study was an attempt to examine pragmatic strategies and questioning types employed by English teachers in classroom interactions. Delivering the functions of questions by their types is insufficient to manage the flow of interaction. As such, the teachers need a certain pragmatic strategy. Data were gathered from three Indonesian English teachers. Purposefully selected teachers were observed, audio-recorded, and analyzed by using Gricean cooperative principle and politeness principle following the principle of Conservation Analysis (CA). The conservation analysis revealed that the use of external devices- adjunct to the head acts or enquirers (grounder, sweetener, and disarmer) and internal modifiers (syntactic interrogative downgraders and lexical consultative downgraders) were mostly used by the teachers in employing questions to mitigate the illocutionary act of questioning as a request. In addition, the teachers intentionally violated the maxim for the sake of managing the flow of conservation. Subsequently, this study mirrors previous research findings that display questions as the most frequent strategies used to extend the talk and to invite learner response. Instead of analyzing questions that conventionally associate those with speech act theory, social aspects of interpersonal normativity (being responsible and autonomous) might be of benefit in sharing social-communicative intentions in order to extend the classroom talk.</em>

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR DALAM PROSES JUAL BELI DI PASAR TRADISIONAL SURAKARTA

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ririn Linda Tunggal Sari ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam ◽  
Dwi Purnanto
Keyword(s):  
Formal Methods ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Purchase Process

<p>The objectives of this research are: to describe the forms of speech acts and to show the most dominant speech act and the reasons of its use; and to describe and define the politeness principle found in the the goods sale and purchase process at traditional markets in Surakarta.</p><p>This research used the descriptive qualitive method with the pragmatics approach. Its sources were conversations or dialogues. The data of the research were utterances and their contexts which contain speech acts and which apply the cooperative principle in the goods sale and purchase process at traditional markets in Surakarta, namely: <em>Pasar Gedhe</em> market, <em>Pasar Klewer</em> market, <em>Pasar Ledoksari</em> market, <em>Pasar Nusukan </em>market, and <em>Pasar Mojosongo</em> market. The collection of the data used the listening method. The data were collected through tapping, uninvolved conversation observation, recording technique, and note-taking techniques. They were analyzed by using the means-end techique. The result of the analysis was presented with informal and formal methods.</p><p>There are five types of speech act employed by the sellers and the buyers to express their intentions, namely: utterances, (b) verdictive utterances, (c) directive utterances, (d) commissive utterances, and phatic utterances<em>.</em> The most dominant speech act used in the goods sale and purchase process at traditional markets in Surakarta is commisive utterances as indicated by 88 data. In relation to the cooperative principle, in the goods sale and purchase process at traditional markets in Surakarta some speech acts adhere to the cooperative principle, but some violate it. The adherence to and violence of the cooperative principle are balanced in term of frequency i.e. 95 data for each. The latter is due to the intentions of the sellers and the buyers to show their politeness.</p><p>There are applications of the speech act theory, the cooperative principle, and the politeness in the dialogues between the sellers and the buyers in the the goods sale and purchase process at traditional markets in Surakarta</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:    </strong>Speech act, cooperative principle, sale and purchase process, pragmatics</p>

scholarly journals Speech Act Taking Place in the Medical Conversation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p29
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Agung Dian Susanthi ◽  
Ketut Artawa ◽  
Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Practical Guidance ◽  
Context Of Situation

This study aims at analyzing the maxims in the five categories of speech act on medical conversation of textbook entitled “English for midwives: Practical Guidance For Antenatal care”. The objectives are: (1) To find out the categories of speech act on the medical conversation, (2) To analyze the intended meaning of the speaker, (3) To analyze the cooperative principle that must be concerned on the conversation. There are some theories applied in this study, namely the theory of Speech Act, theory of context of situation, the maxim theory. The result shows that there are three categories of speech act (illocutionary act) found in the conversation, namely: assertive, directives, and expressives. The data (1) shows that the assertive conveys asking information; The data (2) shows directive conveys request; The data (3) shows directive conveys suggestion, there is maxim violation in term of manner found in this data; The data (4) shows directive conveys request; The data (5) shows directive conveys explanation; The data (6) shows directive conveys suggestion, there are maxims violation found in terms of quantity, quality and manner; The data (7) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity and quality; The data (8) shows expressive conveys asking physiological condition, there are maxims violation in terms of quantity, quality and manner found; The data (9) and (10) show expressives convey asking physiological condition.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Persuasive Strategies in English Social and Commercial Advertisements

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-625
Author(s):  
Somayyeh Motallebi ◽  
Davud Kuhi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Cooperative Principles

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the difference between 35 social and 35 commercial ads that gathered through the internet. Socio-pragmatic strategies that used in ads including Grice (1975) cooperative principle (CP), Leech (1983) politeness principle (PP) and Searle (1970) speech act to persuade persuadees. The findings revealed that cooperative principles are mostly observed in both kinds of advertisement. And there was significant difference in social and commercial ads. This paper indicates that cooperative principles appear to be the more powerful constraints in advertising discourse than politeness principles. As well politeness principles are to be applied in commercial ads significantly more than in social ads. Speech acts are similarly observed in social and commercial ads and they are almost never violated.

scholarly journals PRAGMATIC AND RHETORICAL STRATEGIES IN THE ENGLISH-WRITTEN JOKES

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Dyah Rochmawati
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Rhetorical Strategies ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Humor Studies ◽  
Online Sources ◽  
Pragmatic Strategies ◽  
Alternative Reading ◽  
Cooperative Principles

Understanding verbal jokes in English is problematic for English as Foreign Language (EFL) readers since understanding the jokes requires understanding their linguistic, cultural and social elements. Since a joke constitutes a complex and paradoxical phenomenon, it needs multiple approaches of analyses—such as pragmatic and rhetorical analyses—in order to investigate the multiple layers of meanings it carries. Recently there has been a shift in humor studies, emphasizing linguistic humors and involving the field of rhetoric. These studies, however, have mostly addressed the connection between rhetoric and spoken jokes in persuasion. The present study therefore applied Austin’s Speech Act Theory (1975) and Grice’s Cooperative Principles (1957), and Berger’s rhetorical techniques (1993) to crack the funniness of the written jokes. Specifically, the study aims at describing: how the (1) rhetorical and (2) pragmatic strategies are used in the jokes, and (3) how the pragmatic and rhetorical strategies complement to create humor. The study employed a qualitative research method. Some jokes were purposively selected from the Reader’s Digest and two online sources: http://jokes.cc.com/, and http://www.ajokeaday.com/. Document studies were the means of data collection. The collected data were then analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The results showed that that there was a relationship between the two pragmatic theories, i.e., Speech Act Theory and Cooperative Principles, and Berger’s rhetorical techniques. The results offered an alternative reading and richer understanding of how written jokes employed pragmatic and rhetorical strategies to advance their rhetorical objectives and humor functions.

scholarly journals A Pragmatic Analysis of Humor Words in English Advertisements

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Xiaqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Advertising Effect ◽  
Conversational Implicatures ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Advertising Language ◽  
Research Author

<p>As an independent discipline, pragmatics was through out thirty years’ development. It is also a young discipline. As a medium emerging commonly in advertising language art, humor has attracted wide attention of many producers. Previous scholars analyzed more from the perspective of grammar, vocabulary, rhetoric, etc. But the research of advertising language humor is lacking from the aspects of pragmatic rules. Our collection of data is quite open. Any advertisement that can be transcribed in to written form is our interest. They are excerpted from magazines, advertisement, collecting books, newspapers, TV and radio commercials. As we only focus on language humor, situational humor produced by visual performance is not involved this thesis. The advertising language art of humor has been widely paid attention. Based on the existing theories of humor research, author of this paper used many kinds of pragmatic theories to analyze English advertising humor language, and including reference, deixis, anaphora, presupposition, speech act theory, the cooperative principle, conversational implicatures, and the politeness principle. It can not only provide reference for the research of this field for later scholars, but also provide theoretical guidance for the AD makers of using humor language to produce a good advertising effect.</p>

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS IN KIRINYAGA COUNTY ANGLICAN CHURCH SERVICES, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Njuki Muriithi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Strong Basis ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Bible ◽  
To Come

This study is based on a pulpit discourse and aimed at determining the speech acts that are used in sermons. The research is based on the Anglican Churches within Kirinyaga. The study shows how priests use the speech act to influence the hearers or congregation to make decisions. The research was also based on both speech act theory and the cooperative principle to understand the contextual basis deep. The maxims of the speech act are discussed, and recommendations are made on how they are supposed to be embraced for quality purposes. The research used several methods of collecting first-hand information. These methods were both based on qualitative and quantitative data. They include observation, recording, and direct interviews which were later analyzed and recorded for reference in the future. For instance, the recordings were transcribed and recorded in disks that were not prone to attack by malware. The types of speech acts used in the sermons include verdictives, commissives, declarations, representatives, and directives. These speech acts were representing a part of the sermon which conveyed a strong basis of the sermon. Thus, it acted as a strengthening catalyst. The study on the other hand showed how the speaker used the speech acts to inform, congratulate, make promises, and condemn. It is therefore recommended that the Bible Teaching Institutions should make sure before releasing a person for priestly duties is well conformed with the speech acts in such a way that the congregation can rely on them in times of word which is aimed at changing their lives and affecting their decision making. In conclusion, the research is solely concerned with speech acts in Anglican Churches within Kirinyaga and the same should be done in other churches to come up with a contextual distinctive clue on the same subject. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0889/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Pragmatic Analysis of ex-President Donald Trump’s interviews and its relation with the Grice’s (1975) Cooperative Principle

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Michael Kwarteng
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Social Relation ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Communication Process ◽  
Cooperative Principle ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Perlocutionary Effect ◽  
Cooperative Principles

This analytical-descriptive paper investigates the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) in an interview between some American Journalists and former President Donald Trump. The study involved the observation and analysis of ten Donald Trump’s interviews in the context and content of racism, coronavirus, election, politics, leadership and social relation that were randomly selected via YouTube. Its aim was to assess critically the violation and the keeping of Grice's (1975) cooperative principles (CPs) and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon interlocutor’s communication skills. Also, pragmatically, the current study examines the perlocutionary effect of utterances on interlocutors and listeners in general, and further investigates a new way of understanding speakers' non-cooperative and cooperative attitude and their violation of Cooperative Principles and its maxims throughout the communication process.  The research sample was solely analyzed through conversational implicature and the consideration of Grice’s four propounded maxims under cooperative principle, as well as the speech act theory. According to the results, speakers' uncooperative attitude is mostly influenced by psychological factors like frustration, irritation, nervousness, anxiety, conflict of interest, and other factors such as politeness, cheap praise, lack of adequate information, entertainment, and sometimes deliberate violation. It was also revealed that language users do sometimes cooperate most often than not due to the perlocutionary effect on listeners and themselves. Besides, interlocutors sometimes violate some maxims, because they have least or no idea about the consequences of their responses on their listeners as well as themselves. Also, it was evident that, albeit speakers might not be aware of Grice’s maxims and its Cooperative principles yet they habitually conform to it in communication process. The study recommends a deeper way for readers understanding of Paul Grice’s CP and its maxims, the speech act theory, and also improve upon their communication skills. In summary, it recommends that communicators, language learners, teachers and linguists are to be mindful about their diction and its consequences on their participants and the society as a whole.  

Communication And Speech Act Theory : A Contextual Study Of Language

2016 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Makhlouf Abdelkader ◽  
Driss Mohamed Amine
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Contextual Study
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