A Pragmatic Study of Humor in Iraqi Facebook Comments

The main goal of this study is to determine how comments are made by Iraqis on Facebook (a social media platform) to express humor and to discover whether these comments follow specific linguistic principles or not. There are millions of humorous comments on different types of posts, but only political posts were chosen in this research because of the importance of these posts. In the writer’s view, the politics of Iraq is greatly important as it dictates much of the situation that people currently live in. This means that there is also a lot of engagement by a lot of persons in Iraq with politics using humor, and there are therefore a large number of political posts using humor. This study relied on a specific method in analyzing data (namely comments selected from Facebook). 28 comments were selected for analysis by determining whether they follow the maxims of cooperative principles on the one hand and whether they follow any form of breaking of cooperative principles from another aspect. The arguments of Attardo were proven where he said that a person cannot be considered uncooperative in the conversation just because he said something funny or tried to be funny (Attardo, 2001). Moreover, the results showed that two forms of maxims of cooperative principle are followed several times, which are the maxims of relation and manner. It also showed that the least principle that is followed is the maxim of quality. There were also instances where maxims were not observed. It was found that the question of whether there would be flouting and violation of rules in the comments is most dependent on the commenter.

PRINSIP KERJA SAMA DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI ANTARA PAMAN SAYUR DAN PELANGGAN: TINJAUAN PRAGMATIK

The objective of this research is to describe the violation and the use of the cooperative principle that is classified based on four maxims; they are maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation, and the maxim of manner. This research uses the basic theory of pragmatic by focusing on the cooperative principle stated by Grice. This research uses a descriptive method. The data source of this research is the speech of the vegetable seller and his customers. Data collection was taken from January--Febuary 2020. The data analysis is using a contextual heuristic method. Based on the result of the study, there are two violations of the maxim of quantity, two data of violations of the maxim of relation. The use of the cooperative principle is more commonly found in this research, namely, there are ten cooperative principles, three maxims of quantity, one maxim of quality, four maxims of relation, and two maxims of manner.

An Analysis of Maxims Violation Acted by the Main Characters in the "Tilik" Short Film

The maxims violation often occurred intentionally or unintentionally in daily human conversation. This study analyzes the maxim violation in one of the Indonesian short films, 'Tilik,' in which Bu Tejo and Yu Ning were the main characters. This present study aims to describe the phenomena of maxim violation by the main characters. It is qualitative descriptive research. The technique used in collecting speech was the note-taking technique, and data were taken from the transcript of the main characters' utterances. Then, to analyze the maxim violation revealed in the short film, the researchers used the Cooperative Principles from Grice's theory, which has four kinds: quality, quantity, relevance, and manner. The findings indicated that the main characters carried out all four maxim types violations. The highest maxim violation found were the quantity and quality maxim. Some certain implicatures were contained when the main character of this short film reckoned to convey the implicit message, ensure the hearer, award astonishment, take for concern, and evade the problem. The study also exposed the rationales behind violating maxims, which helped create more straightforward communication and developing further explanations. Further studies can include more extensive data to obtain more robust findings.

Hedging of Cooperative Principles in Bunker of the Dead Movie

Language is used in communication as a way to express their thoughts and feelings. Communication is how people use the message to give meaning to other people. Good communication happens when the speakers and the listeners can deliver their intended message clearly to understand each other. In communication, there is a theory called the cooperative principle. The cooperative principle is elaborated in four sub-principles or maxims. These maxims will make sure the information about the topic that is being discussed in the conversation clearer. However, some people sometimes communicate without following these maxims or violate maxims, knows as hedging maxim. This research aims to reveal the types of hedging maxims used by the characters in Bunker of the Dead movie. Grice’s cooperative principle is to analyze the research. Descriptive qualitative is employed as the research method, and a movie transcript as the research data. The result of this research shows that there are three types of hedging maxims, namely hedging maxim of quality, hedging maxim of relevance and hedging maxim of manner. One of the maxims, namely hedging maxim of quantity, does not exist in the movie. The most used hedging maxim is the hedging maxim of quality.

The Role of Cooperative Principles and Presupposition as Comic Generators in a Ghanaian English Comedy: A Case Study of Nurse Awuni’s Youtube Video

Comedy is a common genre but quite complex to analyze linguistically. It consists of enormous discourse considered humorous or amusing by causing laughter in any entertainment medium. Several studies have investigated the relationship between comedy and cooperative principles in the analysis of everyday interaction. However, little attention has been paid to the role of cooperative principles and presupposition as comic generators in areas such as mass or social media, particularly on YouTube. This study concentrates on the analysis of extracts from a Ghanaian comedy on YouTube, Nurse Awuni, which give rise to humor by identifying the violation of Grice`s (1975) cooperative principles and its maxims employed by the characters. It attempts to answer the following research questions. First, how often are Grice`s (1975) cooperative principles and its maxims employed, flouted or violated in the Nurse Awuni`s comedy? And What is the role of conversational implicature and presupposition as comic generators in the Nurse Awuni`s comedy? Quantitative analysis with a collection of empirical data has been followed to analyze the violation and keeping of the cooperative principles, maxims and presupposition, and conversational implicature of the Nurse Awuni`s comedy from a strictly linguistic and pragmatic perspective. From the results, it is evident that interlocutors sometimes deliberately flout the conversational maxims so as to create comedy in different conversational effects such as humor, sarcasm, irony, insults etc. Again, a comedian may constantly digress from the subject and content of conversation to make him, or her appear naive and create an awkward situation by saying something narrow-minded. Moreover, the research investigated presupposition as a crucial comedy generator. Finally, the results indicate that the use of conversational implicature and its maxims is much more abundant than the use of presupposition.

Prinsip Kerja Sama Grice dalam Novel "Raumanen" Karya Marianne Katoppo

Artikel ini akan mendeskripsikan prinsip kerja sama yang dicetuskan oleh Grice dalam novel “Raumanen” karya Marianne Katoppo serta pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama yang dilakukan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam novel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pematuhan dan pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama Grice yang dilakukan oleh tokoh-tokoh dalam novel. Pematuhan terhadap prinsip kerja sama menandakan bahwa para tokoh memahami konteks pertuturan sehingga mereka memberikan kontribusi yang baik pada saat proses komunikasi berlangsung. Sementara itu, pelanggaran prinsip kerja sama merupakan hal yang paling banyak dilakukan oleh para tokoh. Hal ini disebabkan ada maksud dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Peneliti menemukan maksud-maksud pelanggaran tersebut, yaitu ingin memberi peringatan, meminta penjelasan, menciptakan humor, memberi penjelasan, sopan santun, menyembunyikan suatu hal, mengungkapkan suatu hal, dan mencari-cari alasan.Katakunci: kerja sama, maksim, novel, pematuhan, pelanggaran Abstract:This study aims to describe the cooperative principles by Grice in novel Raumanen by Marianne Katoppo and violations of the cooperative principle performed by the characters in the novel. The research method used qualitative. The results of the study showed that there were implementation and violations of the Grice cooperative principle performed by the characters in the novel. Following cooperative principle indicated that the characters understood the context of utterance so they gave appropriate contribution during the communication. Meanwhile, the violation of cooperative principles was the most commonly performed by the characters. This was because there were intention and objective to achieve. The researcher found the intentions of the violation to give a warning, ask for explanation, create humor, give explanation, politeness, hide something, express something, and look for reasonsKeyword: cooperation, maxim, novel, violation

FLOUTING MAXIMS IN WHITE HOUSE DOWN

Cooperative principles theorized by Grice (1975) explaines the way people use the language well and efficiently. There are four maxims in order to achieve connection during conversation, i.e. the maxims of quality, quantity, relation, and manner. However, people do not always follow and obey the Cooperative principle and instead flout maxim. The aim of this research was to discuss about the types of maxim which were flouted in the movie White House Down written by James Vand Erbilt. As a result, the researcher found 15 samples of flouted maxim, maxim of quantity 4 data, maxim of quality 2 data, maxim of manner 5 data, and 4 data maxim of relation.

PRAGMATICS IN EUGÈNE IONESCO’S THEATER

The use of Grice’s cooperative principles, conversational maxims and implicatures are of great utility in deciphering the semantic meanings of Ionesco's “absurdist” plays. Based on these concepts of pragmatic linguistics, we evaluate the meaning of Ionesco's short plays (The Bald Soprano, The Lesson and The Chairs) in relation to the communicative situation. Pragmatics is the field of linguistics that studies the meaning in conversation, as it is communicated by the speaker/writer and decoded to be understood by the listener/reader. Pragmatics is also the study of contextual meaning and how we communicate more than we say. Absurdist plays are particularly appropriate for such analysis, since reference and inference play an essential role in understanding the situation as well as the meaning of the characters in the tirades they utter on stage.

Pragmatic Analysis on Social Media (Instagram)

This research was aimed to analyze the pragmatic on Social Media. The analysis was focused on the application of cooperative principles. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. The data of this study were the Netizen comments on the influencer account. The account of the influencer was Anyageraldine. The data source is taken from instagram where nowdays many people use instagram for doing communication and interaction. The writers observed and choosed the data. There were some techniques of data analysis performed, namely: determining, observing, choosing, analyzing, and drawing conclusion. Based on the data analysis conducted, it was found that the cooperative principle at 2012 – 2016 are Maxim of Quantity is 4, Maxim of Quality is 2, Maxim of Relevance is 2, and Maxim of Manner is 7. And the writers also found the Cooperative Principles at 2017 – 2020 are Maxim of Quantity is 1, Maxim of Quality is 5, Maxim of Relevance is 7 and Maxim of Manner is 2. This is influenced by the influencer’s (Anya Geraldine) behaviour as we know that our behaviour make the people statements or comments, it means our behaviour also decided what the Cooperative Principles that the people will use.