scholarly journals Comparison of Predicted Cardiovascular Risk Profiles by Different CVD Risk-Scoring Algorithms between HIV-1-Infected and Uninfected Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 13 ◽  
pp. 605-615
Author(s):  
Titus Msoka ◽  
Josephine Rogath ◽  
Gary Van Guilder ◽  
Gibson Kapanda ◽  
Yvo Smulders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Scoring Algorithms ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Bibhava Vikramaditya ◽  
Mahesh Satija ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary ◽  
Sarit Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship between estimated cardiovascular disease risk and insulin resistance in a black African population living with HIV: a cross-sectional study from Cameroon

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e016835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Raoul Noumegni ◽  
Jean Joel Bigna ◽  
Vicky Jocelyne Ama Moor epse Nkegoum ◽  
Jobert Richie Nansseu ◽  
Felix K Assah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Black African ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectivesCardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic diseases are growing concerns among patients with HIV infection as a consequence of the improving survival of this population. We aimed to assess the relationship between CVD risk and insulin resistance in a group of black African individuals with HIV infection.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved patients with HIV infection aged 30–74 years and followed up at the Yaoundé Central Hospital, Cameroon. Absolute CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham and the DAD CVD risk equations while the HOMA-IR index was used to assess insulin resistance (index ≥2.1).ResultsA total of 452 patients (361 women; 80%) were screened. The mean age was 44.4 years and most of the respondents were on antiretroviral therapy (88.5%). The median 5-year cardiovascular risk was 0.7% (25th−75th percentiles: 0.2–2.0) and 0.6% (0.3–1.3) according to the Framingham and DAD equations respectively. Of all participants, 47.3% were insulin resistant. The Framingham equation derived absolute CVD risk was significantly associated with insulin resistance; while no linear association was found using the DAD equation.ConclusionThe relationship between cardiovascular risk and insulin resistance in black African patients with HIV infection seems to depend on the cardiovascular risk equation used.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease in Ghana’s Northern Region A Cross-sectional Study of 4 Rural Districts using World Health Organization / International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) Risk Prediction Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Skerratt ◽  
Olivia G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ghana is experiencing an increase in cardiovascular (CVD) -related mortality with poor rural communities suffering greater complications and premature deaths. The point of this exploratory research is to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and to calculate the cardiovascular risk among adults aged > 40 years in Ghana’s Northern Region. A cross-sectional study was performed with 536 subjects. A pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and standardized WHO/ISH risk prediction charts assessed for 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular event according to age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus status. Low, moderate and high CVD prevalence risk in females was 88.4%, 7.1%, and 4.5% while in males the prevalence was 91.3%, 5.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Hypertension was noted as a clinically significant risk factor with females at 37.3% versus males at 32%. The 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was statistically significant for females according to age group. A moderate to high CVD risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was found in 10.4% of subjects. Notable CVD risk factors included a high prevalence of hypertension. Decentralizing care to local village healthcare facilities is one way to tackle cardiovascular risk reduction. Task shifting of primary care duties from physicians to nurses in terms of cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and management of uncomplicated CV risk factors is a potential solution to the acute shortage of trained health staffs for the control and prevention of CVD in Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Post-stroke Survivors: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jie Wong ◽  
Sakinah Harith ◽  
Pei Lin Lua ◽  
Khairul Azmi Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uncontrolled Blood Pressure

INTRODUCTION: Control of modifiable risk factors is important in recurrent stroke prevention strategies. This study aimed to determine the control of blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk profiles among poststroke patients. Factors associated with uncontrolled blood pressure were also determined. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient clinics of three hospitals located in the East Coast region of Peninsular Malaysia from May to August 2019. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, clinical profiles, and lifestyle practices were acquired. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out. Crude odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were reported. RESULTS: From a total of 398 stroke patients, majority of the respondents were elderly with first-ever stroke, ischaemic type, and duration of stroke less than 24 months. Uncontrolled blood pressure (52%), overweight and obesity (65%), abdominal obesity (54%), and low physical activity level (65%) were common among the patients. Patients with hypertension (aOR= 3.11, 95% CI: 1.38, 6.99), diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.38), not taking prescribed medication every day (aOR 2.28, 95% CI: 1.29, 4.01), overweight (aOR 1.75, 95% CI:1.02, 2.99), obesity (aOR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.12, 3.53), and low physical activity level (aOR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.35, 3.27) were at a higher risk of having uncontrolled blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled blood pressure and other major cardiovascular risk factors were highly prevalent among poststroke patients. Increased efforts must be made to optimise the risk profiles management of these high-risk patients to prevent recurrent vascular events in the future. 

Comparison Between ASCVD Versus WHO Risk Score in Predicting of 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk in an Iranian Adult: A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolou Hasandokht ◽  
Arsalan Salari ◽  
Salman Nikfarjam ◽  
Soheil Soltanipour ◽  
Mani Shalchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has increased in the Iranian population. Word Health Organization (WHO) risk score was recently used in Iranian prevention and control of non-communicable disease programs for risk assessment. The purpose of the study was to compare the 10-year cardiovascular risk using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and WHO risk score. In a cross-sectional study, data from patients with cardiac symptoms without any documents related to CVD were collected from the outpatient clinic. The proportion of subjects with high CVD risk according to ASCVD and WHO risk score and also agreement between two scores was presented. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score as a national risk assessment tool were calculated. The study included 284 subjects with a mean age of 53.80 (8.78) years and 68 % of women. The frequency of subjects with high CVD risk based on ASCVD and WHO was 35% and 6%, respectively. The agreement between the two scores was moderate (κ=0.45), with the most agreement in identifying low-risk subjects. The sensitivity and specificity of ASCVD according to the WHO risk score was 95.3% and 75.1%, respectively. The present finding showed that Agreement between two risk scores was moderated, especially in stratifying low-risk subjects. But, the ASCVD risk score categorized more people as a high risk rather than the WHO tool. Assessment of the accuracy of the WHO risk score with comparing predicted risk with observed risk in a cohort study for the Iranian population is necessary.

scholarly journals Interaction between CETP Polymorphism and Dietary Insulin Index and Load on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Diabetic adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Abaj ◽  
Masoumeh Rafiee ◽  
Fariba Koohdani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
High Adherence

Abstract Background The objectives were to investigate the effect of the interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism, Dietary Insulin Index and Insulin Load (DII and DIL) on cardiovascular risk factors among diabetic patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, blood samples were collected from 220 patients. DIL and DII were obtained via validated FFQ. CETP Taq1B polymorphism was genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method. Results The highest BMI (P = 0.08) and WC (P = 0.01) values were observed in B2B2 genotype with the highest adherence to DII. Patients with B1B1 genotype who were in the highest DIL tertile had lower LDL/HDL (P = 0.001), TG (P = 0.03), and higher HDL (P = 0.02). The highest SOD (P = 0.01), PGF2α (P = 0.04), CRP (P = 0.02), and IL-18 (P = 0.06) was observed in B2B2 genotype carriers with the highest DIL adherence. Individuals with B2B2 genotype in the highest tertile of DII had higher CRP (P = 0.04), TAC (P = 0.01), SOD (P = 0.02), and PGF2α (P = 0.02). B1B1 homozygotes who were in the highest tertile of DII had lower lipid profile TG (P = 0.02), LDL (P = 0.08), and LDL/HDL < 0.001. Conclusion Based on the current study, it may be proposed that CETP Taq1B polymorphism can be associated with CVD risk factors in diabetic patients with high adherence to insulin indices, including DII and DIL

scholarly journals Factors Influencing HIV Drug Resistance among Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Cruz S. Sebastião ◽  
Joana Morais ◽  
Miguel Brito
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Drug Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1 ◽  
High Educational

The increase in HIV infection and drug-resistant strains is an important public health concern, especially in resource-limited settings. However, the identification of factors related to the propagation of infectious diseases represents a crucial target offering an opportunity to reduce health care costs as well as deepening the focus on preventing infection in high-risk groups. In this study, we investigate the factors related to drug resistance among HIV-infected pregnant women in Luanda, the capital city of Angola. This was a part of a cross-sectional study conducted with 42 HIV-positive pregnant women. A blood sample was collected, and HIV-1 genotyping was carried out using an in-house method. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine the interaction between sociodemographic characteristics and drug resistance. HIV drug resistance was detected in 44.1% of the studied population. High probabilities of drug resistance were observed for HIV-infected pregnant women living in rural areas (AOR: 2.73; 95% CI: 0.50–14.9) with high educational level (AOR: 6.27; 95% CI: 0.77–51.2) and comorbidities (AOR: 5.47; 95% CI: 0.28–106) and infected with a HIV-1 non-B subtype other than subtype C (AOR: 1.60; 95% CI: 0.25–10.3). The present study reports high HIV drug resistance. Furthermore, older-age, rural areas, high educational levels, unemployed status, having comorbidities, and HIV-1 subtypes were factors related to drug resistance. These factors impact on drug susceptibility and need to be urgently addressed in order to promote health education campaigns able to prevent the spread of drug-resistant HIV strains in Angola.

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