scholarly journals EVALUATION OF PRESCRIBING INDICATORS AND PRESCRIPTION WRITING AT THE OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A PEDIATRIC TEACHING HOSPITAL IN LIBYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
Lina Salama ◽  
◽  
Elzahra Samir Buzariba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Childrens Hospital ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Prescription Writing

Background:Irrational drug prescribing and inappropriate prescription writing have a serious medical and economicimpacton patients and society. Information on pediatric prescribing and quality of prescription writing in Libya are lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of rational prescribing using the WHO indicatorsand to assessthe completeness of prescriptions recorded informationat the outpatient department of Benghazi Childrens Hospital. Results:A total of 603 prescriptions were sampled and analyzed. Concerning the prescribing indicators, the average number of medicines per encounter was 1.52, 5.47% of drugs were prescribed by generic name, 20.56% of encounters had at least one antibiotic prescribed, 25.87% of encounters were prescribed one injection or more and 61.27% of the prescribed drugs were from the Essential Drugs List. As regards the completeness of the recorded data on prescriptions, the patients name, gender, age and diagnosis were recorded in 99.34%, 10.78%, 85.74% and 29.85% of prescriptions, respectively. None of the prescriptions included the patients contact details and only 0.66% mentioned the patients weight. Prescribers information such as the name, signature and contact details were present in more than half of prescriptions while only 3.98% were stamped.Medication details like the dosage form, dose and frequency were written for more than 82% of the prescribed drugs whereas the strength and treatment duration were the least recorded drug information, 46.28% and 56.67%, respectively. Conclusion:Some forms of irrational drug prescribing as well as suboptimal recording of prescriptions information were observed at the outpatient department of Benghazi Childrens Hospital.

scholarly journals PRESCRIPTION AUDITING BASED ON THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) PRESCRIBING INDICATORS IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT OF A TEACHING HOSPITAL IN KERALA

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-151
Author(s):  
DHANYA T H ◽  
SANALKUMAR K B ◽  
ANDREWS M A
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescribing Indicators

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the pattern of major drug groups prescribed, assess the Rational Prescription pattern by measuring the WHO Core Prescribing Indicators and to assess the quality of the prescriptions by assessing the legibility of prescription in the outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: It was an analytical cross-sectional study done in hospital pharmacy for a period of 6 months. Approval from Institutional Research Committee and Institutional Ethics Committee was taken before starting the study. Sample size was taken as 1020. Results: One hundred and twenty prescriptions were analyzed. About 49% prescriptions were of males and 54% of females. Mean age of the patients were 46 years. A total of 3557 medicines were prescribed in 1020 prescriptions. Due to lack of legibility, we were unable to decode 122 medicines out of 3557 medicines prescribed. The dosage forms prescribed were; oral 87.4%, injections 1.4%, inhalational agents 0.4%, and topical agents 10.8%. Average number of medicines per prescription was 3.5. Percentage of medicines prescribed by generic name was 45%. Percentage of antibiotics per prescription was 24.8%. Percentage of injections per prescription was 4.8%. Percentage of medicines prescribed as per NATIONAL essential drugs list (EDL) was 3.2% and as per the WHO EDL was 2.6%. Percentage of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) was 6.5%. Conclusion: It was evident that polypharmacy was present as indicated by the average number of medicines prescribed. Medicines prescribed by generic name and from Essential Medicine List were less in number. Antibiotics and injections prescribed was in conformity with the WHO recommended values, which means that there was no irrational use of antibiotics and unwanted use of injectables. Percentage of FDCs was 6.5%. Most commonly prescribed drug was Ranitidine as per our study. Hence, as per this study, prescribers did not follow prescribing core indicators of the WHO closely, except for two indicators. The quality of prescriptions with respect to legibility and clarity was found to be optimal.

scholarly journals Prescribing Pattern of Extemporaneous Compounding in Primary Health Care Centers

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Indri Hapsari ◽  
Marchaban Marchaban ◽  
Chairun Wiedyaningsih ◽  
Susi Ari Kristina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Generic Drugs ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Pattern ◽  
Prescribing Indicators ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Primary Health Care Centers ◽  
Health Care Centers

OBJECTIVE: Compounding is one of basic competences and skills should be owned by pharmacists since ages. Shortage of licensed drug supply and patients with special needs had become the major reason for the compounding practice to be performed. Average of drug number given to patients in primary or government health centers in a sheet of prescription compounding was quite high; commonly it included more than one drug given individually or prescribed together. The WHO/ INRUD cores drug prescribing indicators were developed to be utilized as a measure of performance in areas related to rational use of medicine in health facilities. This study aimed to analyze prescribing pattern of extemporaneous compounding in primary health care centers. METHOD: Cross sectional survey method was employed in this study which was conducted at 24 Primary Health Care Centers in Banyumas regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia by collecting data of extemporaneous compounding from the primary health care centers having the compounding percentage ≥ 5% from total prescription of each. The researchers implemented retrospective data collection which was conducted on 1200 prescription sheets in period of April to June 2017. RESULT: The drugs used in extemporaneous compounding were 49 types, and the mostly used were chlorpheniramin maleate (22.54%), dexamethasone (18.20%), glycerol guaiacolate (15.36%), amoxicillin (9.15%) and paracetamol (7.47%). Number of drugs used in each extemporaneous compounding was various; one to six drugs per-compounding with its average 2.86 drugs per-prescription of extemporaneous compounding. Generic drugs were mostly used in extemporaneous compounding with percentage 93.88%, while percentage of antibiotic use was low; it was 11.36%. Based on conformity with national formulary in Indonesia, the proper used drug in extemporaneous compounding was 71.43 %, while based on conformity with WHO Model List Essential Medicines, it was 46.96 %. CONCLUSION: In this study, although the drug which was used in dosage form of extemporaneous compounding was still quite high with a range between 1 to 6 drugs in one dosage form, but generally the drug use in form of extemporaneous compounding in primary health care centers was still in accordance with the WHO/INRUD cores drug prescribing indicators that were characterized by high generic drugs and low use of antibiotics in the extemporaneous compounding at the primary health care centers.

scholarly journals Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation in the Prevention and Treatment of Depressive Disorders—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1070
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Annkathrin von der Haar ◽  
Ann-Kristin Baalmann ◽  
Maike Wellbrock ◽  
Thomas L. Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Depressive Symptomology ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Significant Difference

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been suggested to affect depressive disorders. This review aims to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on depressive symptoms in people with or without diagnosed depression. Medline, PsycINFO, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the association between n-3 PUFAs and depressive symptoms or disorders as outcomes. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was performed. Twenty-five studies (7682 participants) were included. Our meta-analysis (20 studies) indicated that n-3 PUFA supplementation lowered depressive symptomology as compared with placebo: SMD = −0.34, 95% CI: −0.55, −0.12, I2 = 86%, n = 5836, but a possible publication bias cannot be ruled out. Subgroup analyses indicated no statistically significant difference by treatment duration of <12 vs. ≥12 weeks, presence of comorbidity, or severity of depressive symptoms. Nevertheless, beneficial effects were seen in the subgroups of studies with longer treatment duration and with no depression and mild to moderate depression. Subgroup analysis by eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dosage revealed differences in favor of the lower EPA dosage. Sensitivity analysis including studies with low risk of bias seems to confirm the overall result. Supplementation of n-3 PUFA appears to have a modest beneficial effect on depressive symptomology, although the quality of evidence is still insufficient.

scholarly journals Duration of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in adolescents and adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Abbing ◽  
Vasiliki Koretsi ◽  
Theodore Eliades ◽  
Spyridon N. Papageorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objectives Adults with fixed orthodontic appliances are increasing nowadays. Compared with adolescents, adults present biological differences that might influence treatment duration. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents. Materials and methods Eight databases were searched up to September 2019 for randomized and non-randomized clinical studies comparing treatment duration with fixed appliances in adolescents and adult patients. After duplicate study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment with the Cochrane ROBINS-I tool, random effects meta-analyses of mean differences (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were performed, followed by assessment of the quality of evidence with GRADE. Results A total of 11 unique studies (one prospective and 10 retrospective non-randomized) with 2969 adolescents and 1380 adult patients were finally included. Meta-analysis of 7 studies found no significant difference in the duration of comprehensive treatment with fixed appliances (MD = − 0.8 month; 95% CI = − 4.2 to 2.6 months; P = 0.65; I2 = 92%) between adults and adolescents. Similarly, both distalization of upper first molars with skeletal anchorage for class II correction and the retraction of canines into the premolar extraction spaces lasted similarly long among adults and adolescents. On the other hand, alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted considerably longer in adults compared to adolescents (1 study; MD = 3.8 months; 95% CI = 1.4 to 6.2 months; P = 0.002). The quality of evidence for the meta-analysis was low due to the inclusion of non-randomized studies with considerable risk of bias. Conclusions While existing evidence does not indicate a difference in the overall duration of treatment with fixed appliances between adults and adolescents, the alignment of palatally displaced canines lasted significantly longer in adults. However, our confidence in these estimates is low due to the risk of bias in the included studies. Trial registration PROSPERO: (CRD42019148169)

scholarly journals Updated List of Light-Sensitive Oral Medications

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Scott Perkins ◽  
Adam Evans ◽  
Allison King
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Drug Information ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Oral Medications ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Professional Resources

The Campbell University Drug Information Center supports health professionals by providing responses to drug-related inquiries. An inquiry was received by the Drug Information Center for a comprehensive list of oral solutions which should be protected from light. In investigating this request for information, a list of light-sensitive oral prescription drug products published in Hospital Pharmacy in 2009 was identified. This discovery highlighted the need for both an updated list and one which distinguished oral solid products and oral liquid products. The purpose of this project was to update the previously published list and to distinguish between oral solid and liquid dosage forms. The process of updating this list entailed several professional resources. A list of all oral products was obtained and then sorted to clearly identify which products were available in oral solid dosage form only, oral liquid dosage form only, and both dosage forms. Once delineated, the product labels for each medication were scoured for language indicating the product is light sensitive.

scholarly journals The newly developed airborne radio-echo sounding system of the AWI as a glaciological tool

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nixdorf ◽  
D. Steinhage ◽  
U. Meyer ◽  
L. Hempel ◽  
M. Jenett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Data ◽  
Radar Signal ◽  
Ice Shelves ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
Ice Caps ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Along Track ◽  
Echo Sounding

AbstractSince 1994 the Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) has operated an airborne radio-echo sounding system for remote-sensing studies of the polar ice caps in Antarctica and in Greenland. It is used to map ice thicknesses and internal layernigs of glaciers, ice sheets and ice shelves, and is capable of penetrating ice thicknesses of up to 4 km. The system was designed and built by AWI in cooperation with Aerodata Flugmeßtechnik GmbH, Technische Umversitat Hamburg-Harburg and the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. The system uses state-of-the-art techniques, and results in high vertical (5 m) as well as along-track (3.25 m) resolution. The radar signal is a 150 MHz burst with a duration of 60 or 600 ns. The peak power is 1.6 kW, and the system sensitivity is 190 dB. The short backfire principle has been adopted and optimized for antennae used on Polar2, a Dormer 228-100 aircraft, resulting in an antenna gain of 14 dB each. Digital data recording allows further processing. The quality of the recorded data can be monitored on screen and as online analogue plots during the flight.

Prescriptions Ordered by Podiatrists for Ambulatory Patients

1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 720-727
Author(s):  
T. Donald Rucker ◽  
Leonard Janis ◽  
Marialice Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Oral Dosage ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Oral Dosage Form ◽  
Ambulatory Patients

This pilot study describes and suggests quality of care considerations related to prescriptions ordered by podiatrists for ambulatory patients. During the four-month survey period, the average podiatrist initiated 120 prescription orders and utilized 26 different drug entities. The 44 practitioners employed 235 different preparations, headed by Lotrimin®, Mepergan Fortis® and erythromycin. Although refill orders were judged as conservative, questions are raised about the use of oral dosage form combination products, agents employed infrequently, and the desired therapeutic intention of some preparations.

Do we achieve the Montgomery standard for consent in orthopaedic surgery?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xenia N Tonge ◽  
Henry Crouch-Smith ◽  
Vijay Bhalaik ◽  
William D Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Information Provision ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Health Board ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Recorded Data

Aims/Background The Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board (2015) case set a precedent that has driven the modernisation of consenting practice. Failure to demonstrate informed consent is a common source of litigation. This quality improvement project aimed to provide pragmatic guidance for surgeons on consent and to improve the patient experience during decision making. Methods Elective orthopaedic patients were assessed and the quality of documented consent was recorded. Data were collected over two discrete cycles, with cycle 1 used as a baseline in practice. The following criteria were reviewed: grade of consenting clinician, alternative treatment options, description of specific risks, place and timing of consent and whether the patient received written information or a copied clinic letter. Cycle 1 results were presented to clinicians; a teaching session was provided for clinicians on the standard of consent expected and implementation of a change in practice was established with a re-audit in cycle 2. Results There were 111 patients included in cycle 1, and 96 patients in cycle 2. Consent was undertaken mostly by consultants (54%). Specific patient risks were documented in 50% of patients in cycle 1 and 60% in cycle 2. Risks associated with a specific procedure were documented in 42% in cycle 1 and 76% in cycle 2, alternative options in 48% (cycle 1) and 66% (cycle 2). A total of 14% of patients in cycle 1 and 8% in cycle 2 had documented written information provision. Copied letters to patients was only seen in 12% of all cycles. Documentation from dedicated consenting clinics outperformed standard clinics. Conclusions Highlighting poor documentation habits and refining departmental education can lead to improvements in practice. The use of consenting clinics should be considered and clinicians should individually reflect on how to address their own shortcomings. Other units should strongly consider a similar audit. This article provides stepwise advice to improve consent and specifics from which to audit.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document