scholarly journals INTERFERENTIAL CURRENT, ULTRAHIGH-FREQUENCY CURRENT, AND EXERCISES FOR RECURRENT KNEE PAIN DUE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
S. Nikolova-Shopova ◽  
◽  
A. Aleksiev ◽  
V. Dimitrova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Pain ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequency ◽  
Optimal Frequency ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Muscle Testing ◽  
Interferential Current ◽  
Frequency Current ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Introduction:- There are no studies in the literature on the combined effect of interference current, ultrahigh-frequency current, and exercise in recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis. There is no consensus on the optimal frequency, duration, and intensity of exercise. Aim:- To study the effect of interferential current, ultrahigh-frequency current, and exercises in recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis and to discover the optimal frequency, intensity, and duration of exercises. Material and Methods:- Twelve outpatients (age 63.43±6.24 years) with recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis (average pain duration 6.71±5.21 years and last recurrence 3.92±1.56 before study enrolment) were followed-up for one month. They were treated for the first two weeks with interferential current, ultrahigh-frequency current, and exercises. All outpatients were instructed to perform the exercises as often as possible, as long as possible, and as intense as possible at home for one month. The pain was measured by a visual analogue scale daily for the two-week course and after one month. In the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the month were recorded the mobility in the knee joints by goniometry, the strength of the periarticular muscles by manual muscle testing, WOMAC parameters, frequency, intensity, and duration of the exercises. Results:- During the two-week course, the pain was decreasing every following day (P>0.05). Over the weekend the pain increased (P<0.05). After two weeks and after one month the pain (P<0.05), mobility (P>0.05), muscle strength (P>0.05), and WOMAC parameters (P>0.05) significantly improved. There was a significant correlation and regression between pain and exercise frequency (P<0.05). With an exercise frequency greater than five times daily, the pain regressed to zero (P<0.05). There was no correlation between pain and exercise intensity (P>0.05) and between pain and exercise duration (P>0.05). Discussion:- The improvement of the pain during the week and its worsening during the weekend showed that interferential current and ultrahigh-frequency current had a short-term analgesic effect. The improvement of all parameters after one month showed that exercises had a long-term effect. The presence of a correlation and regression between pain and exercise frequency, combined with a lack of correlation between pain and exercise intensity or duration, indicated that frequent, short, and low-intensity exercises were optimal. Conclusion:- The combination between interferential current, ultrahigh-frequency current, and exercise is effective in recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Short and low-intensity exercises with a frequency of more than five times a day are optimal.

scholarly journals ULTRASOUND, INTERFERENCE CURRENT, AND EXERCISE FOR RECURRENT KNEE PAIN DUE TO OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-653
Author(s):  
S. Nikolova-Shopova ◽  
◽  
A. Aleksiev ◽  
A. Zaralieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Knee Pain ◽  
Exercise Duration ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Introduction:- To study the effectiveness of ultrasound, interference current, and exercise in recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis and to find the optimal frequency, intensity, and duration of exercise. Materials and methods:- Twelve outpatients (age 67.16 ± 7.89 years) with recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis were followed for one month. They were treated with interference current, ultrasound, and exercise for two weeks. All patients were instructed to perform the exercises as often as possible, for as long as possible, and as intensively as possible at home for one month. The pain was reported on a visual analog scale daily for two weeks and after one month. In the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of the month were recorded knee mobility, the periarticular muscle strength, frequency, intensity, and duration of the exercises. Results:- During the two-week course the pain was decreasing every following day (P>0.05). Over the weekend the pain increased (P<0.05). After two weeks and after one month improved the pain (P<0.05), knee mobility (P>0.05), and muscle strength (P>0.05). There was a significant correlation and regression between pain and exercise frequency (P<0.05). If the exercise frequency is greater than five times a day, the pain regressively tends to zero (P>0.05). There was no correlation between pain and exercise intensity (P>0.05) and between pain and exercise duration (P>0.05). Discussion:- The pain decrease during the week and its increase during the weekend show that interference current, ultrasound, and exercise have a short-term analgesic effect. Improving all parameters after two weeks and after one month shows that exercise has a long-term effect. Frequent, short, and low-intensity exercise is recommended due to the correlation with regression between pain and exercise frequency, in the absence of a correlation between pain and intensity or duration of exercise. The recommended frequency of exercise is five times a day, as at this frequency the pain tends to disappear. Conclusion:- The combination of ultrasound, interference current, and exercise is effective in recurrent knee pain due to osteoarthritis. Short and low-intensity exercises with a frequency of more than five times a day are optimal.

Effects of Low-Intensity Ultrahigh Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation on Inflammatory Processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Lushnikov ◽  
Yu. V. Shumilina ◽  
V. S. Yakushina ◽  
A. B. Gapeev ◽  
V. B. Sadovnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Inflammatory Processes

Thermal responses during arm and leg and combined arm-leg exercise in water

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Toner ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
K. B. Pandolf
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flow ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Convective Heat Loss ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Exercise Type ◽  
Type Of Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

Thermal and metabolic responses were examined during exposures in stirred water at approximately 20, 26, and 33 degrees C while subjects were performing 45 min of either arm (A), leg (L), or combined arm-leg (AL) exercise. Eight males immersed to the neck completed a low exercise intensity for A exercise and both a low and high exercise intensity for L and AL exercise. During low-intensity exercise, final metabolic rate (M) for A, L, and AL exercise was not different (P greater than 0.05) between exercise type for each water temperature (Tw). In contrast final rectal temperatures (Tre) for A and AL exercise were significantly lower than L values for each Tw during low-intensity exercise. These findings were supported by both mean weighted skin temperature (Tsk) and mean weighted heat flow (Hc) values, which were greater during A than L for each Tw. During high-intensity exercise, final Tre values were lower (P less than 0.05) during AL compared with L exercise across all Tw. Final Tsk and Hc values were not different between each type of exercise, although M was significantly lower during L exercise in 20 degrees C water. These data suggest a greater conductive and convective heat loss during exercise utilizing the arms when compared with leg-only exercise.

Reliability and Validity of Questions About Exercise in the Canadian Study of Health and Aging

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (S1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather S. Davis ◽  
Kathleen MacPherson ◽  
Heather R. Merry ◽  
Carolyn Wentzel ◽  
Kenneth Rockwood
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Regular Exercise ◽  
Canadian Study ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Frequency Intensity

Regular exercise in elderly people has beneficial health effects. We examined exercise frequency and intensity from the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Risk Factor Questionnaire (RFQ). The reliability and validity of these two questions individually, and when combined to form a scale, are reported. Agreement between the self-administered RFQ and an interviewer-administered Add-on Study was examined using intraclass correlations, which were 0.80 for frequency (95% CI 0.77-0.82, p < .001) and 0.75 for intensity (95% CI 0.71-0.78, p = .012). Individuals reporting high levels of exercise frequency, intensity, and a combination of the two showed a smaller proportion of adverse health markers than those reporting no regular exercise. Predictive validity assessed by Cox proportional hazards modeling of mortality showed that the high and moderate levels of frequency, intensity, and combined exercise groups differed significantly (all p < .001) from the no exercise group. We have found that these exercise questions, though simple, appear reliable and valid. The finding that even comparatively crude exercise questions can demonstrate an important relationship to death suggests that the signal for exercise is a strong one, and future studies should seek to better examine mechanisms by which exercise benefit is conferred.

scholarly journals ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF EXERCISES IN CHILDREN WITH ALLERGIC ASTHMA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Viara Dimitrova ◽  
◽  
Penka Perenovska ◽  
Assen Aleksiev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Training ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
One Year ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim:- To study the effect of exercises in childhood allergic asthma, and to reveal their optimal frequency, intensity, and duration, because of missing consensus about them. Material and Methods:- 12 children (age 11.17 ± 2.69 years) with allergic asthma were followed for one year. At the beginning and the end of the year, they were treated for 10 days with low daily doses of inhaled corticosteroids and exercises (breathing retraining, respiratory muscle training, and musculoskeletal flexibility with posture/balance training). The children and their parents were instructed to continue the same exercises at home as frequently, intensely, and prolong as possible for one year. Standard spirometry was performed four times – at the beginning and the end of the two 10-day treatment courses. The results were recorded as percentages of the actual versus the predicted spirometric parameters. MANOVA with Bonferronis multiple comparison post-hoc tests and Pearsons correlation with multiple regression post-hoc tests were used for the statistical analysis. Results:- The spirometric parameters showed a significant improvement at the end of each 10-day treatment course versus at the beginning (P<0.05), as well as at the end of the year versus at the beginning (P<0.05). There was a significant correlation of the spirometric parameters versus the exercise frequency (P<0.05) and versus the exercise intensity (P<0.05), but not versus the exercise duration (P>0.05). The regression analysis revealed that with increasing the exercise intensity and frequency (at least once daily) the spirometric parameters are improving significantly (P<0.05). Conclusion:- Exercises significantly improve the spirometric parameters in children with allergic asthma. The optimal exercise frequency is at least once daily with high intensity and short duration.

Reflex versus autoregulatory control of hindlimb blood flow during treadmill exercise in dogs

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (2) ◽  
pp. H436-H444 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Koch ◽  
D. M. Strick ◽  
S. L. Britton ◽  
P. J. Metting
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
External Iliac Artery ◽  
Flow Probe ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
High Exercise Intensity ◽  
Neurohumoral Control ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

To evaluate the competition between local autoregulation and reflex neurohumoral control of hindlimb blood flow (HLBF), the hindlimb vascular pressure-flow relationship was determined in nine dogs in response to a 10% decrease in mean arterial pressure (AP) imposed during both low (3.0 km/h, 0% grade) and high (5.5 km/h, 14% grade) intensities of treadmill exercise. HLBF was measured with a Doppler flow probe on the left external iliac artery, and AP was controlled with a gravity reservoir connected to the left carotid artery. A 10 +/- 2% reduction in AP for 25 min caused HLBF to decrease 25 +/- 2% during low-exercise intensity but only 10 +/- 2% during high-exercise intensity. The corresponding closed-loop gains (Gc) of HLBF regulation [Gc = 1 - (% delta hindlimb blood flow/% delta hindlimb perfusion pressure) were -1.6 +/- 0.4 and -0.06 +/- 0.2 during low- and high-exercise intensity, respectively. Autonomic ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium) increased the Gc during low-intensity exercise to 0.07 +/- 0.2. Antagonism of adenosine receptors (aminophylline) decreased the Gc of HLBF regulation during high-intensity exercise to -0.57 +/- 0.3. These data demonstrate that in response to an imposed decrease in AP, autonomic vasoconstriction overrides autoregulatory vasodilatory mechanisms during low-intensity exercise. HLBF regulation increases at a higher exercise intensity, in part due to adenosine, but autoregulation does not predominate over arterial pressure regulating mechanisms.

scholarly journals Changes in Electroencephalography by Modulation of Interferential Current Stimulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6028
Author(s):  
Sung-Hyoun Cho ◽  
Seon-Chil Kim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Stimulation Parameters ◽  
Stimulation Level ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
Interferential Current

Interferential current (IFC) stimulation can alter pain perception. This study aimed to investigate the effects of IFC stimulation on motor cortex signals and observe how electroencephalography changes depend on IFC stimulation parameters. Forty-five healthy adults were divided into high frequency (HF)–low intensity (LI), HF–high intensity (HI), and low frequency (LF)–HI groups to compare their electroencephalography before, immediately after, and 30 min after current stimulation. The changes in relative beta power according to the intervention time showed significant differences between the HF–LI and HF–HI, as well as the LF–HI and HF–HI, groups in the C3 and P3 regions immediately after IFC stimulation. Similarly, the gamma band showed significant differences according to the intervention time between the LF–HI and HF–HI groups in the P3 region immediately following IFC intervention. For relative theta power, the interaction between group and time was significantly different in the Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, and P4 regions. Based on these results, we were able to map the activation in cerebral cortex regions according to the stimulation level, confirming changes in electroencephalogram activation through peripheral nerve stimulation. This study provides a foundation for future applications for selectively controlling feedback at a proper stimulation level in young adults.

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN REHABILITATION (a brief review of the publications of scientists of the TulSU Medical Institute for 10 years)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
D. Ivanov ◽  
B. Valentinov ◽  
Elena Belyaeva ◽  
Ol'ga Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Ultrahigh Frequency ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
Intensity Laser

. The brief review provides information about the publications of scientists of the Tula Scientific School in the field of the development of rehabilitation and restorative electro-magnetic technologies in the interests of clinical medicine. Low-intensity laser radiation, laserophoresis, extreme high-frequency, ultrahigh-frequency, electrolaser exposure - electrolaser myostimulation - provided significant clinical effect in various diseases, in improving athletic performance in athletes of various sports.

Effects of exercise frequency, intensity, and duration on revascularization in the transition zone of infarcted rat hearts

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Przyklenk ◽  
A. C. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Exercise Frequency ◽  
Capillary Supply ◽  
Capillary Growth ◽  
Normal Number ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Group B ◽  
Frequency Intensity

In the rat model of chronic myocardial infarction the border or "transition zone," extending 225–525 μm from the margin of the scar, is supplied by significantly fewer capillaries and characterized by an altered capillary-fiber geometry when compared with healthy rat myocardium. Four weeks of daily voluntary running can, under certain conditions, promote capillary growth and a shift in capillary-fiber geometry, such that a normal capillary supply is restored to the transition zone. However, the importance of exercise frequency, intensity, and duration for capillary growth in the transition zone has not been determined. One week after surgical occlusion of the left coronary artery, rats were divided into four groups following different protocols of voluntary exercise (running): A (2 h/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks), B (2 h/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks), C (2 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks sedentary), and D (2 h/day, 6 days/week for 2 weeks). Significant improvements in capillary supply to the transition zone were associated with voluntary exercise, three separate factors being of importance, (i) An intermediate total distance run; rats that ran 5–10 km in the month restored a normal number of capillaries and a normal capillary-fiber geometry in the transition zone, whereas rats that ran either <5 or >10 km showed no significant improvements. (ii) A balance between exercise frequency and mean distance ran per 2-h exercise period; rats in group B (3 days/week) had to run twice the daily distance of those in group A (6 days/week) to obtain the same improvement in capillary supply. (iii) Regular reinforcement of the exercise periods throughout the experiment; animals in groups B and D demonstrated significant increases in capillary supply in the transition zone, while those in group C did not. Although exercise stimulates capillary growth and a shift in capillary-fiber geometry in the transition zone, the mechanisms underlying these improvements are, as yet, unknown.

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