Ecophysiology of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) cultivated under different saline and biofertilizer levels

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, physiology, and production of cowpea plants grown under different levels of salinity and doses of mixed biofertilizer. The experiment was set in a completely randomized 3 x 4 factorial design, corresponding to three levels of irrigation with saline water (ECw: 0.5, 2.5 and 4.5 dS m-1) and four doses of biofertilizer (0, 800, 1600 and 2400 milliliters - mL), with five repetitions. The biofertilizer was obtained by means of an aerobic process, using a mixture of water, goat manure, and wood ashes, and it was applied in the liquid form, once a week, and directly into the soil. After 70 days, gaseous exchanges were evaluated, and the length of the main stem, the diameter of the stem, and the leaf area were measured. Furthermore, the number of pods produced, mean pod size, total pod weight, total seed weight, hundred seed weight, and yield were estimated. It was observed that the application of mixed biofertilizer promoted increments of 28.98% in leaf area, 32.78% in length of the main stem, and 21.55% in total dry mass. Weekly doses of 1600 mL promoted significant increases in gas exchanges. The application of weekly doses of 1600 mL of mixed biofertilizer promoted growth increases in physiological and productive parameters when the plants were irrigated with saline water up to 2.5 dS m-1, suggesting that the biofertilizer reduces the deleterious effects of salinity.

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Allometry and morphophysiology of papaya seedlings in a substrate with polymer under irrigation with saline water

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3339

Author(s):

EXPEDITO CAVALCANTE NASCIMENTO NETO ◽

Francisco Thiago Coelho Bezerra ◽

Marlene Alexandrina Ferreira Bezerra ◽

Walter Esfrain Pereira ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Area Ratio ◽

Irrigation Frequency ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Blade Area

The availability and quality of the irrigation water are among the limitations for the development of agriculture in the semiarid. Aiming at gathering information on these limitations, this work aimed to evaluate the association between a water-absorbing polymer and water salinity in irrigation frequencies, as well as container volumes on the allometric and morphophysiological indices of seedlings of the papaya (Carica papaya) cultivar ‘Sunrise Solo’. The treatments were obtained from the combination between the water-absorbing polymer (0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0, and; 1.2 g dm-3), the electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.3; 1.1; 2.7; 4.3, and; 5.0 dS m-1), and irrigation frequencies (daily and alternate), plus two additional treatments (0.75 and 1.30 dm3) to study the effects of the container volume, distributed in a randomized block design. At 55 days after sowing, the following characteristics were evaluated: ratio between stem height and diameter; ratio between shoot and root dry matter; root density; leaf blade area; ratio between total leaf area and root dry mass; specific leaf area; leaf area ratio; leaf mass ratio; and Dickson quality index. The allometric and morphophysiological indices were damaged by the increase of water electrical conductivity and favored by the application of the polymer and a higher irrigation frequency. In the production of papaya seedlings, a daily irrigation frequency must be prioritized, using containers of 0.75 or 1.30 dm-3, water with electrical conductivity up to 2.6 and 1.9 dS m-1 when irrigated daily or in alternate days, respectively, and 0.6 g dm-3 of polymer.

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Desempenho da rúcula sob condições de sombreamento e níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n4.a381 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 38-45

Author(s):

Rilbson Henrique Silva dos Santos ◽

Mirandy dos Santos Dias ◽

Francisco de Assis da Silva ◽

João Paulo de Oliveira Santos ◽

Saniel Carlos dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Family Farming ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The City

Arugula is a crop of fast vegetative growth and short cycle, widely accepted worldwide. In Brazil, its production generates jobs and income for family farming. However, the use of saline water in the cultivation of this plant is one of the main factors that limit production. Given this situation, the objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Apreciatta arugula cultivated under conditions of shading and salinity levels of irrigation water. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the experimental area of the Agricultural Sciences Center of the Federal University of Alagoas, in the city of Rio Largo, AL. The treatments were obtained from the combination of two shading conditions (with shading and without shading) and five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water (0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1). The experimental design used was completely randomized in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme. Combined, the factors resulted in 10 treatments with four replications and one plant per plot, totaling 40 experimental units. Arugula plants were evaluated for leaf number, plant height, leaf area and dry matter of the aerial part. Increasing levels of salinity in the irrigation water, lead to a reduction in the number of leaves, plant height and dry mass of the aerial part of arugula plants cultivar Apreciatta. However, the use of shading together with the salinity of irrigation water up to 1.4 dS m-1does not affect the leaf area of arugula plants, being possible to cultivate without considerable losses.

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Morphological influences on the seed yield of field peas

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9910079 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

GH Walton

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Mediterranean Climate ◽

Main Stem ◽

Seed Number ◽

Branch Number ◽

Field Peas ◽

Basal Branch ◽

Total Seed ◽

Western Australian

In a preliminary trial at Perth with spaced plants which were supported to prevent lodging and allow for irrigation, the seed weight on plants was correlated with the ability of pea plants to produce reproductive nodes on the main stem and branches. Tall cultivars such as Dundale, Dun and Wirrega produced more aerial branches than dwarf cultivars like Huka which gave more basal branches. By contrast, in the dry, short-season Mediterranean climate of the Western Australian wheatbelt at Merredin, the seed yield of peas was derived principally from yield components on the main stem. The plant characters; the number of reproductive nodes, plant height and seed number per pod, had a significant (P< 0.01) and positive correlation with seed yield. The early- and mid-flowering cultivars, Collegian and Dundale (67 and 72 days to flower respectively), had more reproductive nodes on the main stem, with more seeds produced on the first six reproductive nodes than later flowering (88-96 days) cultivars such as Dun and Wirrega. At Merredin, basal branch number was negatively correlated with seed yield and tall cultivars like Collegian, Dundale and Dun had significantly (P< 0.05) less basal branches. Plant breeders should select for increased seed number per pod in early flowering, medium to tall pea plants, to improve the total seed weight from the first three reproductive nodes produced on the main stem.

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APLIKASI LAPANG PUPUK HAYATI VP3 DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN EMPAT MACAM PUPUK HAYATI YANG BEREDAR DI PASARAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)

Folium : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.33474/folium.v5i1.10359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Putri Nur Azizah ◽

S Sunawan ◽

Novi Arfarita

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Total Seed

The study was undertaken to determine the effect of application VP3 biofertilizercompared to biofertilizers circulating in the market on the production of soybean (Glycinemax L.) in the field. The research was conducted on land in Bumi Asri Housing, DauDistrict, Malang Regency and the Applied Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, MalangIslamic University from June to October 2019. The research used a Randomized BlockDesign (RBD) with 6 treatments and was repeated 3 times. The results showed that theapplication of VP3 biofertilizer when compared with biofertilizers circulating in the marketin general gave better results to the growth and production variables of soybean in thefield. This was seen to be especially significant on the growth variable the leaf area perplant, total seed weight per plant, and total seed weight per plot.Keywords: VP3 Biofertilizer, Biofertilizers Circulating in the Market, Soybean

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Gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and hydrogen peroxide1

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical ◽

10.1590/1983-40632019v4955671 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

Author(s):

André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Geovani Soares de Lima ◽

Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽

Hans Raj Gheyi ◽

Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Gas Exchanges

ABSTRACT The semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast has adequate edaphoclimatic conditions for the passion fruit production, but the water used for irrigation commonly has high concentrations of salts that are harmful to the plant growth and development. A previous supply of hydrogen peroxide induces the acclimation of plants under saline stress conditions, reducing deleterious effects on their growth and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, being four levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.7 dS m-1, 1.4 dS m-1, 2.1 dS m-1 and 2.8 dS m-1) and four hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM and 75 µM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. The hydrogen peroxide application attenuated the deleterious effects of the irrigation water salinity on transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, internal carbon concentration, plant height and leaf area of yellow passion fruit, at 60 days after sowing, with the concentration of 25 µM being the most efficient. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affects the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit, being the stomatal conductance and leaf area the most sensitive variables to the salt stress.

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Salinidade da água e ácido salicílico no crescimento de plantas de tomate

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i7.16630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e41210716630

Author(s):

Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽

Francisco Romário Andrade Figueiredo ◽

Toshik Iarley da Silva ◽

João Everthon da Silva Ribeiro ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Water Plant ◽

Electrical Conductivities ◽

Number Of Leaves

The tomato is one of the most important vegetables in Brazilian market. The production of this vegetable can be limited by the excess of salts in the water used for irrigation. The use of phytohormones, such as salicylic acid (SA), is used to minimize the negative effects of excess salts on plants. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the attenuating effect of salicylic acid on tomato plants growth irrigated with saline water. The experimental design was the randomized blocks in an incomplete factorial scheme 5 (SA doses: 0.0, 0.29, 1.0, 1.71 and 2.0 mM) x 5 (electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw: 0.5, 1.3, 3.25, 5.2 and 6 dS m-1), combined according to the experimental matrix Central Compound of Box, with four replicates and two plants per experimental plot. Growth evaluations were performed 45 days after the beginning of irrigation with saline water. Plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, absolute and relative growth rate for plant height, root dry mass, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, Dickson's quality index, leaf area, specific leaf area and specific leaf weight were evaluated. The tomato plants growth was reduced by the increase in ECw. Salicylic acid, applied exogenously up to 2.0 mM, did not promote attenuating effect of salinity on tomato plants.

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Saline water and bovine biofertilizer chemically enriched on jackfruit seedlings var. soft

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-47735 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Francisco de Oliveira Mesquita ◽

Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽

Jean Télvio Andrade Ferreira ◽

Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto ◽

Reynaldo Teodoro de Fátima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Food Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Cow's Milk

Water scarcity and water quality is a subject of constant debate around the world, with the accumulation of salts in water and on soils causing a negative impact on food production, man and herds, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. The use of bovine manure biofertilizers that potentiate the use of brackish water, normally restricted in agriculture due to its salinity, has been suggested for seedling formation and crop production, including jackfruit plants. An experiment was carried out from October/2012 to February/2013, in a protected environment, at Agrarian Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, Areia county, Paraíba State, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of saline water and bovine biofertilizer chemically enriched with gypsum, cow's milk and molasses. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five replications of a plant, in a factorial scheme 5 × 2, corresponding at values of electrical conductivity of the water of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1 substrate with and without bovine biofertilizer. Measurements were made of substrate salinity, height of growth, stem diameter, length mean root, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and total dry mass (root, shoots and leaves). The biofertilizer enriched with cow's milk, sugar cane molasses and agricultural gypsum increased the salinity of the soil; however, it attenuated the negative effects of the salts during establishment of jackfruit seedlings, to 95 days after emergence. All the growth variables studied were higher for seedlings developed in substrate with bovine biofertilizer chemically enriched.

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Foliar application of biofertilizer in semi-hydroponic lettuce fertigated with saline nutrient solution

Comunicata Scientiae ◽

10.14295/cs.v11i0.3115 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

pp. e3115

Author(s):

Ítala Tavares Guimarâes ◽

Francisco de Assis Oliveira ◽

Caio César Pereira Leal ◽

Maria Williane de Lima Souza ◽

Tatianne Raianne Costa Alves

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Saline Water ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Leaf Succulence ◽

Semi Arid

Water scarcity in the world is a problem diagnosed especially in countries with large semi-arid regions such as Brazil. Research has been conducted with a view to making use of saline waters as an input for cultivation, particularly in hydroponics, with especial focus on lettuce, the most prominent leafy vegetable in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of lettuce in a semi-hydroponic system fertigated with saline water and under foliar fertilization with biofertilizer. The present study was carried out in a greenhouse located in the experimental area of the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences (DCAT) of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in the municipality of Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates, two salinity levels of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution (0.5 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four biofertilizer concentrations (0, 20, 40 and 60%) applied by foliar spraying. The evaluated characteristics were: shoot diameter, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh mass, dry mass, leaf succulence, leaf area and specific leaf area. The use of saline water to prepare the nutrient solution reduces fresh mass and dry mass production in the lettuce crop. The biofertilizer can be applied through the leaves at concentration of up to 20%, promoting greater plant growth.

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VARIATION AMONG BRITISH COLUMBIA AND NORTHERN ALBERTA POPULATIONS OF RASPBERRIES, RUBUS IDAEUS SUBSPP. STRIGOSUS MICHX.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps72-180 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

pp. 1067-1072 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. C. J. VAN ADRICHEM

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Winter Hardiness ◽

Rubus Idaeus ◽

Specific Character ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Total Seed ◽

Northern Alberta ◽

Number Of Seeds

Several population samples of Rubus idaeus subspp. strigosus Michx. (raspberries) were collected in British Columbia and northern Alberta and a number of characters were studied and compared with the cultivar Trent. Significant differences between populations were found for cane length, number of buds per cane, percentage of buds growing, number of inflorescences and flowers per bud, fruit and seed weight. There was a positive correlation between the total seed weight and the number of seeds, and between the total seed and fruit weight. No distinct types could be established based on location or elevation. None of the populations showed significantly better winter hardiness than the cultivar Trent, and although some had a specific character that was superior, none was found to have overall superiority.

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