Growth and yield traits of pickling cucumber plants to measure the impact of different irrigation management practices

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L) is mostly cultivated by family-based farmers worldwide and processed to pickles by small to mid-sized industries generating employment and income. But irrigation management needs better investigation for adapting adequate sustainable practices. The rational use of irrigation water still has been neglected nowadays, but can improve cucumber production. The objective was to evaluate different irrigation levels on growth and yield parameters of the Amour F1 cucumber hybrid through time under greenhouse. Treatments consisted of five irrigation levels (amounts of water applied of 62, 93, 124, 155 and 186 mm), ranging from water stress to excess water. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with four replications. Vegetative growth and yield showed different responses to the irrigation levels. Plant height and internode length were less influenced by the irrigation levels, throughout the time, than stem diameter and root length. Cucumber yield was low with 62 mm and 93 mm, higher with 124 mm irrigation, and delayed in time at 155 mm and 186 mm. Water excess (186 mm) was not beneficial for pickling cucumber plants, and the amount of 124 mm was satisfactory for their development and yield. The results of this study may allow adoption of sustainable irrigation practices with no waste of agricultural water, a scarce resource worldwide

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INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i4.1079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 1001-1014

Author(s):

Sulaiman & Sadiq

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Reproductive Growth ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Nutrition Programs ◽

The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

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Criteria for HydroSOS Quality Index. Application to Extra Virgin Olive Oil and Processed Table Olives

Water ◽

10.3390/w12020555 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 555 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Paola Sánchez-Bravo ◽

Jacinta Collado-González ◽

Mireia Corell ◽

Luis Noguera-Artiaga ◽

Alejandro Galindo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Quality Index ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Table Olives ◽

The Impact

Water, especially in arid and semiarid regions, is increasingly a disputed commodity among different productive sectors; the pressure for a more sustainable use of water in agriculture will grow. The main strategy to cope with water scarcity is the use of improved, innovative, and precise deficit irrigation management practices which are able to minimize the impact on fruit yield and quality. The aim of this paper was to develop a certification index or hydroSOS quality index for extra virgin olive oil and processed table olives. The hydrosSOS fruits and vegetables are those cultivated under regulated deficit irrigation (RDI). Different indicators in three quality areas ((i) fatty acids, (ii) phenolic compounds, and (iii) sensory attributes) were identified as showing characteristic or typical responses under RDI conditions. Marks or scores were assigned to each one of these indicators to calculate the proposed index. It can be concluded that an extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or processed table olives are hydroSOStainable foods, if they meet 2 conditions: (i) fulfill the conditions established in the hydroSOS “irrigation” index, and (ii) fulfill the requirements of the hydroSOS “quality” index. HydroSOS quality index will be specific to each crop and variety and will depend on functional and sensory factors.

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Assessment of Main Cereal Crop Trade Impacts on Water and Land Security in Iraq

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010098 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Salam Hussein Ewaid ◽

Salwan Ali Abed ◽

Nadhir Al-Ansari

Keyword(s):

Water Resource Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Water Footprint ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Virtual Water ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Scarce Water ◽

The Impact ◽

Selection Of ◽

Resources Assessment

Growing populations, socio-economic development, the pollution of rivers, and the withdrawal of fresh water are all signs of increasing water scarcity, and with 85% of global use, agriculture is the biggest freshwater user. The water footprint (WF) and virtual water (VW) are concepts used recently for freshwater resources assessment. The WF reflects how much, when and where the water was used whereas VW reveals the volume of water embedded in goods when traded. The first goal of this research is to determine the WF per ton and the WF of production (Mm3/yr) of wheat, barley, rice, and maize in Iraq. The second goal is estimating the quantities of the 4 main cereal crops imported into Iraq and assessing the impact on reducing WF and land savings for 10 years from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that the WF per ton was 1736, 1769, 3694, 2238 m3/ton and the WF of production was 5271, 1475, 997, 820 Mm3/yr for wheat, barley, rice, and maize, respectively. The median total VW imported was 4408 Mm3/yr, the largest volume was 3478 Mm3/yr from wheat, and Iraq saved about 2676 Mm3 of irrigated water and 1,239,539 M ha of land by importing crops every year during 2007–2016. The study revealed the significance of better irrigation management methods to decrease the WF through a selection of crops that need less water and cultivation in rain-fed areas, as well as the use of cereal import to conserve scarce water resources, which is crucial both in terms of water resource management and preservation of the environment. The results of this research could be used as a guideline for better water management practices in Iraq and can provide helpful data for both stakeholders and policymakers.

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Tolerance Mechanisms and Irrigation Management to Reduce Iron Stress in Irrigated Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-473723/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Felipe de Campos Carmona ◽

Janete Mariza Adamski ◽

Andriele Wairich ◽

Joseane Biso de Carvalho ◽

Gustavo Gomes Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Soil Solution ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Iron Toxicity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Water Suppression ◽

Continuous Irrigation ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Fe Toxicity ◽

The Impact

Abstract Iron toxicity is a major nutritional disorder in rice plants, especially in flooded areas. The use of alternative crop management practices, such as soil drainage, may mitigate negative impacts of iron toxicity, since soil aeration that follows drainage can oxidize and precipitate potentially toxic Fe+2 into Fe3+. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alternative water management on agronomical and physiological parameters in rice plants grown in a field location with iron toxicity history. Rice cultivars BR-IRGA 409 (sensitive) and IRGA 425 (resistant to iron toxicity) were tested. Irrigation management comprised three treatments: Continuous Irrigation (CI), one cycle of water Suppression (1S) and two cycles of water Suppression (2S). Evaluations included the ionic composition of soil solution and leaf tissues, grain yield, antioxidant responses and gene expression. Permanent soil flooding resulted in higher grain yield in plants from the resistant than from the sensitive genotype, which had higher malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in leaves. In contrast, two cycles of alternate soil drying resulted in equivalent grain yield and MDA concentrations in both genotypes. Resistance to iron toxicity in IRGA 425 plants seems related to limited Fe translocation to shoots, increased tolerance to oxidative stress in leaves and higher expression of Ferritin, OsGAP1, OsWRKY80 and Oryzain-α genes. Plants from the BR-IRGA 409 cultivar (sensitive to Fe toxicity) improved growth and yield under the interrupted irrigation treatments, probably due to lower Fe availability in the soil solution. Management of water irrigation successfully alleviated Fe toxicity in rice plants cultivated in field conditions.

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Adoption of sustainable irrigation management practices by stone and pome fruit growers in the Goulburn/Murray Valleys, Australia

Irrigation Science ◽

10.1007/s00271-005-0017-5 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 137-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Anne-Maree Boland ◽

Denise Bewsell ◽

Geoff Kaine

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Pome Fruit ◽

Sustainable Irrigation

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Effect of Weed Management Practices on Weed Growth and Yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in Southern Rajasthan

International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.9734/irjpac/2020/v21i2030279 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 12-19

Author(s):

Arvind Verma ◽

Roshan Choudhary

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Green Gram ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Net Returns ◽

Weed Growth ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

The Impact

A Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy instructional Farm, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, MPUAT, Udaipur (Rajasthan) during 2016-17 to find out the impact of new generation herbicides in green gram. The results revealed that all growth and yield characters of blackgram were significantly affected by distinct weed control practices. A similar trend was also observed in weed parameters. Higher seed yield (13.8 qha-1) and higher weed control efficiency (88.97%) were recorded under application of acifluorfen sodium + clodinafop propargyl (370 g a.i. ha-1) at 3-4 leaf stage and which comparable with pre-emergence application of pyroxasulfone +pendimethalin (TM) 127.5+1000 g a.i/ha, imazethapyr+ quizalofop (TM) use at 70 + 60 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, imazethapyr 70 g a.i/ha 3-4 leaf stage, imazethapyr + imazamox (RM) use at 70 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, pendimethalin fb quizalofop 1000 + 60 at pre-emergence & 3- 4 leaf stage, imazethapyr + pendimethalin (RM) 1000 g a.i/ha as pre-emergence, propaquizfop 75 g a.i/ha at 3-4 leaf stage, weedy check and two hand weeding twice at 20 & 40 DAS. They also recorded improvement in yields and net returns by 65.22% over weedy check. These herbicide ready-mixes may be a promising weed management strategy for the green gram grown in the Southern Rajasthan.

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Grain Inorganic Arsenic Content in Rice Managed Through Targeted Introgressions and Irrigation Management

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2020.612054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Cristina P. Fernández-Baca ◽

Anna M. McClung ◽

Jeremy D. Edwards ◽

Eton E. Codling ◽

Vangimalla R. Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Mapping Population ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Inorganic Arsenic ◽

Health Concern ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

The Impact

Arsenic (As) accumulation in rice grain is a significant public health concern. Inorganic As (iAs) is of particular concern because it has increased toxicity as compared to organic As. Irrigation management practices, such as alternate wetting and drying (AWD), as well as genotypic differences between cultivars, have been shown to influence As accumulation in rice grain. A 2 year field study using a Lemont × TeQing backcross introgression line (TIL) mapping population examined the impact of genotype and AWD severity on iAs grain concentrations. The “Safe”-AWD [35–40% soil volumetric water content (VWC)] treatment did not reduce grain iAs levels, whereas the more severe AWD30 (25–30% VWC) consistently reduced iAs concentrations across all genotypes. The TILs displayed a range of iAs concentrations by genotype, from less than 10 to up to 46 μg kg–1 under AWD30 and from 28 to 104 μg kg–1 under Safe-AWD. TIL grain iAs concentrations for flood treatments across both years ranged from 26 to 127 μg kg–1. Additionally, seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified in the mapping population associated with grain iAs. A subset of eight TILs and their parents were grown to confirm field-identified grain iAs QTLs in a controlled greenhouse environment. Greenhouse results confirmed the genotypic grain iAs patterns observed in the field; however, iAs concentrations were higher under greenhouse conditions as compared to the field. In the greenhouse, the number of days under AWD was negatively correlated with grain iAs concentrations. Thus, longer drying periods to meet the same soil VWC resulted in lower grain iAs levels. Both the number and combinations of iAs-affecting QTLs significantly impacted grain iAs concentrations. Therefore, identifying more grain iAs-affecting QTLs could be important to inform future breeding efforts for low iAs rice varieties. Our study suggests that coupling AWD practices targeting a soil VWC of less than or equal to 30% coupled with the use of cultivars developed to possess multiple QTLs that negatively regulate grain iAs concentrations will be helpful in mitigating exposure of iAs from rice consumption.

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Mulch and Fertilizer Management Practices for Organic Production of Highbush Blueberry. I: Plant Growth and Allocation of Biomass during Establishment

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.48.10.1250 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 1250-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Handell Larco ◽

Bernadine C. Strik ◽

David R. Bryla ◽

Dan M. Sullivan

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽

Organic Production ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Fertilizer Treatment ◽

Highbush Blueberry ◽

Feather Meal ◽

Total Plant ◽

The Impact

A systems trial was established in Oct. 2006 to evaluate management practices for organic production of northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). The practices included: flat and raised planting beds; feather meal and fish emulsion fertilizer each applied at rates of 29 and 57 kg·ha−1 nitrogen (N); sawdust mulch, compost topped with sawdust mulch (compost + sawdust), or weed mat; and two cultivars, Duke and Liberty. Each treatment was irrigated by drip and weeds were controlled as needed. The planting was certified organic in 2008. After one growing season, allocation of biomass to the roots was greater when plants were grown on raised beds than on flat beds, mulched with organic mulch rather than a weed mat, and fertilized with the lower rate of N. Plants also allocated more biomass belowground when fertilized with feather meal than with fish emulsion. Although fish emulsion improved growth relative to feather meal in the establishment year, this was not the case the next year when feather meal was applied earlier. After two seasons, total plant dry weight (DW) was generally greater on raised beds than on flat beds, but the difference varied depending on fertilizer and the type of mulch used. Shoots and leaves accounted for 60% to 77% of total plant biomass, whereas roots accounted for 7% to 19% and fruit accounted for 4% to 18%. Plants produced 33% higher yield when grown on raised beds than on flat beds and had 36% higher yield with weed mat than with sawdust mulch. Yield was also higher when plants were fertilized with the low rate of fish emulsion than with any other fertilizer treatment in ‘Duke’ but was unaffected by fertilizer source or rate in ‘Liberty’. Although raised beds and sawdust or sawdust + compost produced the largest total plant DW, the greatest shoot growth and yield occurred when plants were mulched with weed mat or compost + sawdust on raised beds in both cultivars. The impact of these organic production practices on root development may affect the sustainability of these production systems over time, however, because plants with lower root-to-shoot ratios may be more sensitive to cultural or environmental stresses.

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Implementing Sustainable Irrigation in Water-Scarce Regions under the Impact of Climate Change

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10081120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1120 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Georgios Nikolaou ◽

Damianos Neocleous ◽

Anastasis Christou ◽

Evangelini Kitta ◽

Nikolaos Katsoulas

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Water Productivity ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Irrigated Agriculture ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Protected Cultivation ◽

Water Scarce ◽

Sustainable Irrigation ◽

The Impact

The sustainability of irrigated agriculture is threatening due to adverse climate change, given future projections that every one in four people on Earth might be suffering from extreme water scarcity by the year 2025. Pressurized irrigation systems and appropriate irrigation schedules can increase water productivity (i.e., product yield per unit volume of water consumed by the crop) and reduce the evaporative or system loss of water as opposed to traditional surface irrigation methods. However, in water-scarce countries, irrigation management frequently becomes a complex task. Deficit irrigation and the use of non-conventional water resources (e.g., wastewater, brackish groundwater) has been adopted in many cases as part of a climate change mitigation measures to tackle the water poverty issue. Protected cultivation systems such as greenhouses or screenhouses equipped with artificial intelligence systems present another sustainable option for improving water productivity and may help to alleviate water scarcity in these countries. This article presents a comprehensive review of the literature, which deals with sustainable irrigation for open-field and protected cultivation systems under the impact of climatic change in vulnerable areas, including the Mediterranean region.

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