scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense associated with nitrogen fertilization promotes improvement in macronutrient contents of maize plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1043-1050
Author(s):  
Juscelino Gonçalves Palheta ◽  
Ricardo Shigueru Okumura ◽  
Marta Simone Mendonça Freitas ◽  
Marlene Evangelista Vieira ◽  
Gerson Diego Pamplona Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Adequate Dose ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

The lack of studies on the benefits of growth-promoting bacteria associated with sources and doses of nitrogen fertilizers in maize in tropical regions has raised many doubts on the use of nitrogen management, as well as recommendation for the adequate dose for maize production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the doses and sources of nitrogen associated with the absence and presence of seed inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in the roots, culm and leaf of maize plants. It was used a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, consisting of four nitrogen doses (0; 60; 120; and 180 kg ha-1 of N), two sources of N (common urea and urea treated with urease inhibitor) and absence and presence of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense, with four replications. The results identified that the N doses positively influenced the concentration of N, P, and S in the culm of maize plants. The use of urea with urease inhibitor was not efficient in optimizing nitrogen fertilization, providing similar accumulations of macronutrients to common urea. The inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense promoted a concentration of 10.4% of N in the stem when compared to urea without inoculation. Seed treatment with Azospirillum brasilense at a concentration of 1 g / kg of seed at a dose of 180 kg ha-1 of N provided a higher content of macronutrients in corn, regardless of the sources of common urea or urea treated with a urease inhibitor

scholarly journals Rhizobacteria inoculation in maize associated with nitrogen and zinc fertilization at sowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Andréia de L. Moreno ◽  
Jorge F. Kusdra ◽  
Angelita A. C. Picazevicz
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Rhizobacteria have a wide range of plant growth-promoting mechanisms of action, making them an alternative and/or complementary biological input for chemical fertilizers. In this respect, the present study aimed to assess growth and nitrogen accumulation in maize plants as a function of Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, zinc and nitrogen application at sowing. The experiment with the ‘AL Bandeirante’ maize variety was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with six repetitions, considering the presence and absence of Azospirillum brasilense (5 g kg-1), Bacillus subtilis (5 mL kg-1) and zinc (20 g kg-1) in the seeds and addition or not of nitrogen (30 kg ha-1) to the soil. The variables assessed were plant height, stem diameter, leaf, stem, shoot, root and total dry weight, and shoot nitrogen content. Nitrogen fertilization in the absence of zinc increased shoot and total dry weight as well as shoot nitrogen content. Zinc applied to the seeds improved the total and stem dry weight of maize plants in the absence of Bacillus subtilis. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis increased the stem diameter and shoot nitrogen content of maize plants when nitrogen fertilization was not performed at sowing. There was no isolated or interaction effect between factors for plant height and root dry weight.

scholarly journals Maize productivity in succession to cover crops, nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 966-971
Author(s):  
Antônio C. dos Santos Júnior ◽  
Marco A. C. de Carvalho ◽  
Oscar M. Yamashita ◽  
Tauan R. Tavanti ◽  
Renan F. R. Tavanti
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Productivity

ABSTRACT The use of microorganisms in agriculture such as Azospirillum brasilense and the cultivation of cover crops in the off season, together with nitrogen fertilization, may be interesting alternatives to increase crop yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, production and nitrogen concentration of maize grown in succession to cover crops and their interactions with A. brasilense inoculation and topdressing mineral N fertilization. The experiment was conducted on Oxisol, in randomized block design in split-split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The plots consisted of four cover crops: jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis), dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) and spontaneous vegetation. In the subplots, with or without inoculation of A. brasilense in maize seeds, and in the sub-subplots: with or without topdressing N fertilization. It was verified that jackbean can generate increments of up to 8.3% in grains per ear, 6.9% in length of ear and 15.2% in mass of one hundred grains. Consequently, the grain yield was higher in this treatment (18%). The inoculation with A. brasilense and topdressing N fertilization did not generate significant increments in maize production components, as observed for cover crops.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE UNDER Azospirillum brasilense INOCULATION AND TOP-DRESSING NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
VINÍCIUS BALEIRO FERNANDES ◽  
FABIO LUIZ CHECCHIO MINGOTTE ◽  
ORLANDO FERREIRA MORELLO ◽  
ANDERSON PRATES COELHO ◽  
LEANDRO BORGES LEMOS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pre Treatment

Maize inoculation with bacteria of the genus Azospirillum can reduce the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers to obtain maximum grain yield. In this context, the aim was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with nitrogen fertilization on the maize agronomic performance. A randomized block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replicates. Four inoculation managements with Azospirillum brasilense (T0 - control without inoculation; TC2 - seed box inoculation, 200x108 viable cells ha-1; TC3 - seed box inoculation, 400x108 viable cells ha-1; TS1 - previous inoculation of the seeds, 600x108 viable cells ha-1) associated with four top-dressing N doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1), applied at maize stage V6 by urea. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense associated with top-dressing nitrogen fertilization increases the number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, number of grains per ear and grain yield of maize, mainly due to its positive effects on plant nutrition. Managements with seed box inoculation with 400x108 viable cells per ha (TC3) and inoculation in seed pre-treatment (TS1) are the most recommended for maize.

scholarly journals Inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria in chicory

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191
Author(s):  
Caliane da S Braulio ◽  
Rafaela SA Nóbrega ◽  
Luís Cláudio V Silva ◽  
Andreza de J Correia ◽  
Cheila BC de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Plant

ABSTRACT Inoculating crops with diazotrophic bacteria constitutes a feasible biotechnological tool to reduce or even avoid the use of nitrogen fertilizers and to improve the nutritional status of crops. However, the potential use of such technology is limited due to the lack of studies in diverse vegetable crops. We evaluated the production of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in response to inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria in two soil classes. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions and under a completely randomized design. The treatments were constituted by strains UFRB FA34C2-2, UFLA 03-84 and INPA 0311B, and two control treatments (devoid of bacterial inoculation and with and without nitrogen fertilization). Two experiments were carried out, one using a soil classified as a dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and one using a Quartsandy Neosol (Typic Quartzipsamment). Chlorophylls a, b and total; plant height; number of leaves; dry mass of the aerial portion; dry mass of roots; total dry mass; effectiveness; efficiency in addition to N and P gathering in the aerial portion, were evaluated 60 days after seeding. The inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria resulted in adequate production when compared to the control treatment without nitrogen fertilization and without inoculation. Diazotrophic bacteria showed potential supplying nitrogen to chicory plants and spare the use of nitrogen fertilization in both soil classes. The strain INPA 0311B, recommended for cowpea, promoted vegetal growth and increased the dry weight of the aerial portion in chicory, under both dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment), when cultivated under greenhouse conditions.

scholarly journals Technical and economic feasibility of irrigated wheat as a function of nitrogen doses, sources, and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Maria Aparecida Anselmo Tarsitano ◽  
Salatier Buzetti ◽  
José Mateus Kondo Santini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Urease Inhibitor ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Irrigated Wheat ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Azospirillum brasilense is a bacterium known for its biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in wheat crops. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research defining how much mineral N should be applied to maximize the efficiency of BNF and attain high, economically sustainable yields. Moreover, it would be interesting to investigate whether adding urea with N- (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) urease inhibitor might increase BNF in grasses. The objective was to study the effect of inoculation with A. brasilense, associated with varying doses and sources of N, and economically evaluating the yield of irrigated wheat. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS in crop years 2014 and 2015 in Oxisol soil type that was not-tilled. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications, in a 2 × 5 × 2 factorial scheme, where 2 N sources (urea and Super N - urea with urease inhibitor enzyme), 5 nitrogen fertilization doses in top-dressing (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1), were applied to wheat crops with or without the inoculation of A. brasilense. Our results showed that the supply of N through Super N was not economically superior to the use of conventional urea; therefore, we recommend the use of urea because of the ease of acquisition. The application of 140 kg ha-1 of N combined with inoculation with A. brasilense showed higher grain yield. However, the 50 kg ha-1 dose of urea in the absence of inoculation provided greater economic viability in wheat cultivation, but was not sufficient to ensure high profitability with grain productivity.

scholarly journals Application of litters to inhibit nitrification in Vertisols on sweet corn (Zea mays S.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Supriyadi Supriyadi ◽  
Adiprasetya Widyatama ◽  
Gadis Mona Prinandhika ◽  
Purwanto Purwanto ◽  
Sri Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Senna Siamea ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Albizia Falcataria ◽  
Corn Plants

<p>Nitrification, or the process of oxidation of ammonium to nitrate in the soil, needs to be inhibited because it reduces the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers. Vertisols have 2:1 minerals and have high negative charge, so ammonium is more absorbed by soil particles, whereas nitrate is free to move in the soil and diffuses into the plant tissue or is leached with gravity water. This study aimed to determine the litter treatment that can inhibit the nitrification process in Vertisols on sweet corn plants. This research was conducted in June until November 2019 in the Plastic House of Plesungan, Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, Indonesia. This study used a basic completely randomized design with a single factor (litter type) as an immobilizer. The types of litter used in this study were <em>Gliricidia maculata</em>, <em>Albizia falcataria</em>, <em>Senna siamea</em>, and <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em>. The parameters observed were ammonium content, nitrification potential, average nitrate content, actual nitrification, plant height, number of leaves, and dry crown plant. <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> gave the highest actual nitrification of 23.26%. <em>Senna siamea</em> has the lowest actual nitrification of 12.36%, followed by <em>Gliricidia maculata</em> with 17.39% and <em>Albizia falcataria </em>with<em> </em>17.67%. This shows that the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter has the highest value in inhibiting nitrification. Maize plants treated with the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter had the best plant growth compared to those applied with other treatments. Therefore, among the treatments used, the <em>Tithonia diversifolia</em> litter was most optimal in inhibiting nitrification in Vertisols.</p>

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Sultan M. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Emad El-Din Ewais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

scholarly journals High Nitrogen Fertilization Modulates Morpho-Physiological Responses, Yield, and Water Productivity of Lowland Rice under Deficit Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1291
Author(s):  
Nasr M. Abdou ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdel-Razek ◽  
Shimaa A. Abd El-Mageed ◽  
Wael M. Semida ◽  
Ahmed A. A. Leilah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers

Sustainability of rice production under flooding conditions has been challenged by water shortage and food demand. Applying higher nitrogen fertilization could be a practical solution to alleviate the deleterious effects of water stress on lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) in semi-arid conditions. For this purpose, field experiments were conducted during the summer of 2017 and 2018 seasons. These trials were conducted as split-split based on randomized complete blocks design with soil moisture regimes at three levels (120, 100 and 80% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), nitrogen fertilizers at two levels (N1—165 and N2—200 kg N ha−1) and three lowland Egyptian rice varieties [V1 (Giza178), V2 (Giza177) and V3 (Sakha104)] using three replications. For all varieties, growth (plant height, tillers No, effective tillers no), water status ((relative water content RWC, and membrane stability index, MSI), physiological responses (chlorophyll fluorescence, Relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), and yield were significantly increased with higher addition of nitrogen fertilizer under all water regimes. Variety V1 produced the highest grain yield compared to other varieties and the increases were 38% and 15% compared with V2 and V3, respectively. Increasing nitrogen up to 200 kg N ha−1 (N2) resulted in an increase in grain and straw yields by 12.7 and 18.2%, respectively, compared with N1. The highest irrigation water productivity (IWP) was recorded under I2 (0.89 kg m−3) compared to (0.83 kg m−3) and (0.82 kg m−3) for I1 and I3, respectively. Therefore, the new applied agro-management practice (deficit irrigation and higher nitrogen fertilizer) effectively saved irrigation water input by 50–60% when compared with the traditional cultivation method (flooding system). Hence, the new proposed innovative method for rice cultivation could be a promising strategy for enhancing the sustainability of rice production under water shortage conditions.

scholarly journals Development of a Protocol and a Diagrammatic Scale for Quantification of Bacterial Leaf Streak Disease on Young Plants of Maize

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 2921-2927
Author(s):  
Renata Rodrigues Robaina ◽  
Talita Vigo Longhi ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves ◽  
Rui Pereira Leite
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Diagrammatic Scale

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv), has become a major concern for maize production, mainly in the United States and South America. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a protocol for Xvv inoculation in young maize plants under controlled conditions and to develop and validate a diagrammatic scale for evaluation of maize hybrids in regard to BLS resistance. The study was carried out in three steps: the establishment of a protocol for inoculation of Xvv in young maize plants under controlled conditions; the development and validation of a diagrammatic scale for BLS severity evaluation; and the screening for BLS resistance of 45 hybrids using the proposed protocol for bacterial inoculation and the diagrammatic scale developed in this study. Besides reproducing a more natural Xvv infection, the bacterial suspension spraying without injury inoculation method induced higher disease incidence and severity, as well as reproducibility of results under the experimental conditions established in this study. The proposed diagrammatic scale allowed evaluating BLS severity with up to 97.49% of the leaf area affected by the disease. Further, the use of the diagrammatic scale resulted in an increase of accuracy from 0.909 up to 0.992. The reaction of 45 maize hybrids to BLS allowed establishing six major groups of susceptibility to the disease. The most resistant maize hybrids to BLS formed a group of 13 hybrids, with disease severity below 5%.

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