Inoculation of diazotrophic bacteria in chicory

ABSTRACT Inoculating crops with diazotrophic bacteria constitutes a feasible biotechnological tool to reduce or even avoid the use of nitrogen fertilizers and to improve the nutritional status of crops. However, the potential use of such technology is limited due to the lack of studies in diverse vegetable crops. We evaluated the production of chicory (Cichorium intybus) in response to inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria in two soil classes. The experiments were performed under greenhouse conditions and under a completely randomized design. The treatments were constituted by strains UFRB FA34C2-2, UFLA 03-84 and INPA 0311B, and two control treatments (devoid of bacterial inoculation and with and without nitrogen fertilization). Two experiments were carried out, one using a soil classified as a dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and one using a Quartsandy Neosol (Typic Quartzipsamment). Chlorophylls a, b and total; plant height; number of leaves; dry mass of the aerial portion; dry mass of roots; total dry mass; effectiveness; efficiency in addition to N and P gathering in the aerial portion, were evaluated 60 days after seeding. The inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria resulted in adequate production when compared to the control treatment without nitrogen fertilization and without inoculation. Diazotrophic bacteria showed potential supplying nitrogen to chicory plants and spare the use of nitrogen fertilization in both soil classes. The strain INPA 0311B, recommended for cowpea, promoted vegetal growth and increased the dry weight of the aerial portion in chicory, under both dystrophic yellow Latosol (Oxisoil) and Neossolo Quartzarênico (Typic Quartzipsamment), when cultivated under greenhouse conditions.

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DEVELOPMENT OF PIGEON PEA INOCULATED WITH RHIZOBIUM ISOLATED FROM COWPEA TRAP HOST PLANTS

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n402rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 789-795 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

SALOMÃO LIMA GUIMARÃES ◽

LAURA CRISTINA REZENDE DAS NEVES ◽

EDNA MARIA BONFIM-SILVA ◽

DANIELA TIAGO DA SILVA CAMPOS

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Index Number ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Rhizobium Strains ◽

Commercial Inoculant ◽

Red Latosol ◽

Inoculation Treatment ◽

Bradyrhizobium Spp

ABSTRACT Pigeon pea is an important protein source grown in several tropical and sub-tropical countries, and is considered a multi-purpose plant that is resistant to the conditions of the Brazilian Cerrado. Among the possible uses for cowpea, its use as a green manure, increasing soil nitrogen content through the association with diazotrophic bacteria, generically known as rhizobia, is noteworthy. The present work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea plants in the development of pigeon peas cultured in Red Latosol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design with seven treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of inoculation with four Rhizobium strains (MT8, MT15, MT16, and MT23) and one commercial inoculant comprising Bradyrhizobium spp. strains BR 2801 and BR 2003. There were two controls, one absolute (without inoculation or nitrogen fertilization) and the other with nitrogen fertilization. Each experimental plot consisted of an 8-dm3 vase containing three plants. Analyzed variables included plant height, SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, and shoot and root dry masses. Pigeon peas responded significantly to inoculation treatment, since all the plants inoculated with Rhizobium strains isolated from cowpea strains showed results similar to plants in the nitrogen control and commercial inoculant treatments. This demonstrates a favorable plant-bacteria interaction, which can be utilized as an alternative nitrogen source for pigeon peas.

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EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Root Part ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

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Endogenous Hormones in Habanero Pepper Seeds

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1230482 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

H. Ramírez ◽

U. A. Macías-Castillo ◽

A. I. Melendres-Alvarez ◽

M. C. Castillo-Robles ◽

A. Zermeño-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Viability ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Zeatin Riboside ◽

Human Society ◽

Endogenous Hormones ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Habanero Pepper ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Statistical Program

Aims: Habanero pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivation is growing worldwide, mainly as a result of its high demand and nutritive contribution to human society. The presence of endogenous gibberellins and cytokinins in seeds of various vegetable crops has been related to a good germination; however, little is known on habanero pepper. The aim of this study was to search for the presence, identification and amount of gibberellins and cytokinins in seeds of habanero pepper cv “Jaguar”. Study design: Laboratory analysis for gibberellins and cytokinins were organized in solvent solutions groups with three technical replicates using a complete randomized design and results when applicable were analyzed using the statistical program 'RStudio' (version 10) and data obtained subjected to a comparison of means with the Tukey (P≤0.05) test. Place and duration of study: The experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture in Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico, during 2020-2021. Methodology: Lots of 50 grams dry weight of “Jaguar” habanero pepper seed samples were freeze dried and prepared with several organic solvents for the extraction, purification and identification of gibberellins and cytokinins using the techniques of GC-MS and GCMS-SIM respectively. Results: Gibberellins A1, A4, A7, A9, A15, A17 and A44 were found in habanero seed tissue. The cytokinins zeatin and zeatin-riboside were also detected in analyzed habanero samples. Conclusion: The endogenous gibberellins A1, A4, A7, A9, A15, A17, A44, and the cytokinins zeatin and zeatin-riboside are present in habanero pepper cv “Jaguar” contributing to an improve seed viability, ensuring health and overall plant yield.

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Soybeans Competitiveness with Morning Glory

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340100003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33

Author(s):

F. PICCININI ◽

T.N. MARTIN ◽

S.L.O. MACHADO ◽

N.D. KRUSE ◽

R. SCHMATZ

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Morning Glory ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Total Plant ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Herbicide Use

Weeds interfere negatively on development, yield and quality of soybeans (Glycine max). Inadequate weed control by herbicide use can select for resistant or tolerant biotypes, leading to a shift in the weed flora. An example is the increase of incidence of morning glory (Ipomoea spp.) in soybeans growing areas in South Brazil. The aim of this study was to determine the competitiveness of soybeans intercropped with I. triloba, I. indivisa and I. purpurea through a replacement experiments series. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. The first experiment was carried out aiming to get the plant population while total plant dry mass remained constant. Other experiments were done under replacement series experiments with soybeans and morning glory ratios of 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 100:0 using the 250 plant m-2 defined by the preliminary experiment. Leaf area, root and shoots dry mass were assessed. Diagrams along with index interpretation were used to performed a competitiveness analysis. Soybeans showed greater competitiveness as I. triloba, I. purpurea and I. indivisa species for the leaf area, root and shoots dry mass variables. Intraspecific competition prevails between soybean plants whilst interspecific competition prevails for morning glory.

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PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Physocalymma scaberrimum EM SUBSTRATOS COMPOSTOS POR DIFERENTES PORCENTAGENS DE RESÍDUO ORGÂNICO DE AÇAÍ

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v42i2.19220 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 399 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Álisson Sobrinho Maranho ◽

Ary Vieira de Paiva

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Urban Forestry ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Native Forest ◽

Shoot Height ◽

The North ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl é uma espécie nativa que ocorre principalmente no Norte e Centro-Oeste do Brasil, com potencial madeireiro, para arborização urbana e para recomposição de vegetação em áreas degradadas. Considerando a necessidade de conhecimento do seu comportamento em viveiro e da utilização de resíduos agroflorestais como componente de substrato, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o crescimento de mudas dessa espécie em substratos compostos por porcentagens de resíduo de açaí (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) misturado à terra de mata. O experimento ocorreu em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos (substratos) e 20 repetições. Foi avaliado o crescimento das mudas através da altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea e radicular e total, e Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD). Houve ajuste de regressão linear e correlação positiva entre altura, diâmetro do colo e massa seca total com as porcentagens de resíduo de açaí. O substrato constituído por 100% do resíduo de açaí proporcionou o maior crescimento das mudas: 32,9 cm de altura, 2,98 mm de diâmetro do colo, 2,003 g de massa seca total e maior IQD (0,1142). Para a utilização com terra de mata, a composição entre 25% e 75% de resíduo também se mostrou possível.Palavras-chave: Resíduos agroflorestais; produção de mudas; espécies florestais nativas; silvicultura. AbstractPhysocalymma scaberrimum seedlings production in substrate composed by different percentages of organic residue of açaí. Physocalymma scaberrimum Pohl is a native species that occurs mainly in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, with potential for wood production, urban forestry and restoration of vegetation in degraded areas. Considering the need for better understanding of the seedlings behavior in the nursery, and use of agroforestry residue as components of substrate, this study aimed to evaluate the growth of this species in substrates composed by different percentages of açaí residue (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) mixed with forest soil. The experiment was set up according to the completely randomized design, with 5 treatments (substrates) and 20 replicates. It was evaluated the growth of seedlings through shoot height, collar diameter, dry weights of shoot and roots and total, and Dickson Quality Index (IQD). A fit linear regression and positive correlation was found out between height, collar diameter and dry weight total dry mass with increasing percentages of açaí residue. The substrate composed by 100% of açaí residue provided the highest mean growth of seedlings: height (32.9 cm seedling-1), collar diameter (2.98 mm seedling-1), total dry mass (2.003 g seedling-1), and highest IQD (0.1142). To use with soil, the composition between 25% and 75% of residue also showed possibility.Keywords:agroforestry residues; seedlings production; native forest species; silviculture.

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Deterrência à alimentação e à oviposição de Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) pelo uso pós vegetais em milho armazenado

Colloquium Agrariae ◽

10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n2.a358 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59

Author(s):

Gustavo Soares Wenneck ◽

Reni Saath ◽

Larissa Leite de Araújo ◽

Nathália de Oliveira Sá ◽

Pedro Paschoalin Ramos

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Mentha Pulegium ◽

Insecticidal Effect ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Low Weight ◽

Stored Grains ◽

Corn Kernels ◽

Piper Aduncum

Plants with insecticidal effect are among the alternatives as a tool to control the insect-pest of stored grains. The objective of this study was to characterize the efficiency of plant-based powders on Sitophiluszeamaisinsects in stored grains. Usingfourteenplant species (Arnica montana Baccharistrimera,Coriandrum sativum,Coffea arabica,Cymbopogon martini,Helianthus annuus, Lippia gracillis,Mentha pulegium,Moringa oleífera,Nicotiana tabacum,Piper aduncum, Piper hispidinervum,Sesamum indicumandVitis labrusca)obtained from tritured vegetable material, and compared with a control treatment. The experiment carried out in a completely randomized design, with six replicates each treatment. In the tests, 0.5 g of the inert powders mixed into the grains (50 g) of hybrid corn AS 1551 into plastic vials and infested with 10emerged adultofS. zeamais. After 20 days of infestation, oviposition evaluated and counts of emerged adults. At the end of the infestation period, evaluated the dry weight of the insects, the weight of grains consumed and the period of development (egg-adult). Most of the vegetal powders presented effective action on the emerged insects. By the use of the powders,it verified reduction in the ooposition, except for Vitis labruscaand Sesamum indicumwhose egg numbers were higher than control, also had less effect on the development of caruncho larvae. The low weight of adults from corn kernels treated with Nicotiana tabacumpowder is relatedreduction in feeding of S. zeamaislarvae.

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DEVELOPMENT OF CORN HYBRIDS (Zea mays) UNDER INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION

Revista Ciência Agrícola ◽

10.28998/rca.v17i1.4506 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

João Paulo Kruger Reznick ◽

Volnei Pauletti ◽

Daniel Malheiro Nascimento ◽

Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Leaf Chlorophyll

<br /><table class="data" width="100%"><tbody><tr valign="top"><td class="value">The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of corn genotypes under the effect of inoculation with <em>Azospirillum brasilense</em> in association with nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial design (5x2x2) with three replications. Five corn hybrids were used, combined with two doses of nitrogen (N) (without N and with 100 kg ha<span>-1</span> N) and with two inoculation levels of <em>A.brasilense</em> (without and with inoculation). Plant stature and stem diameter at stadiums V8 and R1, leaf chlorophyll content at stadium R1 and dry mass at stadium R2 were evaluated. It was observed that when there was variation in the evaluated parameters, this was due to the different genetic materials and mainly due to the application of N. Inoculation with <em>A.brasilense</em> was not effective in altering the corn development.</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Azospirillum brasilense INTERACTION EFFECTS WITH CAPTAN AND THIODICARB ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF CORN PLANTS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v6i3.3133 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 53-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Felipe Vogel ◽

Rubens Fey

Keyword(s):

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Similar Response ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽

Higher Plant ◽

Randomized Experimental Design

The application of biological products containing diazotrophic bacteria in the seed has been highlighted as an alternative to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers; however, the chemical treatment of the seeds may negatively affect the survival rate of these microorganisms in the soil. The effects of the application of captan (fungicide) and thiodicarb (insecticide) in association with the inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense were investigated in this study for the corn crop. The research was conducted under greenhouse conditions at Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), in Guarapuava, Paraná, Brazil, and under laboratory conditions at the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul (UFFS), in Laranjeiras do Sul, Paraná, Brazil. A completely randomized experimental design with eight treatments and four replicates was used. The treatments were as follows: control; A. brasilense; captan; thiodicarb; captan + thiodicarb; A. brasilense + captan; A. brasilense + thiodicarb; A. brasilense + captan + thiodicarb. The germination and seedling growth rates were evaluated in the laboratory. In the greenhouse were measured the growth of the roots and shoots until the V8 corn growth stages. The use of A. brasilense alone resulted in higher plant growth when compared to the control treatment, whereas the association of A. brasilense with captan and thiodicarb resulted in a similar response to the uninoculated and control treatments. These results suggest that there was a possible toxic effect of seed treatment with these products. The use of captan and thiodicarb interfere in the interaction of diazotrophic bacteria with root growth, affecting the germination rate and initial corn growth.

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Performance of purslane biomass production (Portulaca oleracea) under different organic substrate concentrations

Peruvian Agricultural Research ◽

10.51431/par.v1i2.579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

J. Elias de Olvidera ◽

J. Barboza Pereira ◽

Ch. G. Da Silva ◽

A. Das Graças Teixeira ◽

L. Pin Dalvi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Organic Substrate ◽

Organic Manure ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Organic Fertilization ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Substrate Concentrations

Objectives: To evaluate different concentrations based on cattle manure as an alternative in purslane production. Methodology: The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Center for Agricultural Sciences and Engineering of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in Alegre, ES/ Brazil. The experimental arrangement used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments consisted of distinct dosages of the substrate based on cattle manure (0 mL; 125 mL; 250 mL; 500 mL and 1000 mL), which were applied in 5 L of soil, considered as an experimental unit. Root dry mass and aerial dry mass were evaluated. Results: Application of 500 mL of cattle manure provided a higher accumulation of shoot dry mass (25 g/plant). For root dry mass, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: Under the conditions of the present work, it is concluded that the use of organic manure with cattle manure is viable.Keywords: Organic fertilization, fertilization levels, cattle manure; dry weight.

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Evaluation of different growth hormones mediated callus induction and regeneration as well as the effect of colchicines, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and gamma radiation on some traits of Impatiens walleriana

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2101379s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 379-391

Author(s):

Sedigheh Sharafi ◽

Pejman Azadi ◽

Maryam Jafarkhani Kermani ◽

Vahid Abdossi ◽

Ali Eskandri

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Lower Survival Rate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Effective System ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Impatiens Walleriana ◽

The Impact ◽

Disease Free

Impatiens is an ornamental member of family Balsaminaceae. This plant mostly propagated by vegetative technique, which generally time wasting process. It is often multiplicities via seed but is barricaded by F1 seed sterility. In vitro culture of Impatiens walleriana has much significant function in fast proliferation with useful features and elicitation of healthful and disease-free plants. This experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of medium and different hormones on in vitro propagation of Impatiens walleriana by using a completely randomized design. MS medium was prepared along with various concentrations of BAP, TDZ and ZEA. Callus was induced and grew well in media supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP. In order to indirect propagation, explants were cultured in same media containing BAP, ZEA and TDZ in combination with NAA. These treatments have ability to organogenesis. The results revealed that the control treatment had the lowest effect on traits including shoot percentage, number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length, fresh and dry weight, and it lead to maximum proliferations in medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l NAA + 1 mg/l BAP. The highest root length and rooting percentage was observed in 0.5 mg/l IBA + 0.5 mg/l BAP. In addition, the effect of mutation agents was studied. Aseptic samples were treated with ?- irradiation, Ethyl Methane Sulfonate and colchicines at growth chamber. Treatments with 30 and 60 grey respectively had the lower survival rate, growth rate and polyploidy while colchicines with 0.1 and 0.2 had the highest rats. Regarding to these, the present technique illustrate an effective system for in vitro reproduction of Impatiens walleriana by hypocotyls cultures. In addition, colchicines proved to be effective in induction of polyploidy in this plantlet.

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