scholarly journals Culture-Shaped Language of Male and Female Writers:

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmala Sukendra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research would like to investigate how the writers of different genders from different cultures (western or American and Asian) reflected the differences in the language they used in their novels. Although gender differences were known to result from cultural differences, less research had been done in terms of contrasting the gender of different cultures, yet to discuss them in terms of gender roles as writers. This present research aimed to explore the role of gender in constructing language to examine gender stereotypes from a linguistic perspective and describe gender differences in language use. It used a library study as its method, which included several steps of reading the material, collecting and listing the swear words and adjectives used, categorizing the choice of words, and analyzing the choices. The research concludes that culture does contribute to the differences in how swear words are expressed, in which Indonesian writers use fewer swear words and avoid using vulgar words and profanity. In other words, gender differences do not affect adjectives used in Bahasa Indonesia.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Speech Events of Kurdistan Parliament

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Dlvin Abdullah Sadiq ◽  
Salam Nihma Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Male Dominance ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Parliamentary Debates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speech Events

This study tackles the differences between male and female MPs’ language in Kurdistan Parliament and the reasons behind such differences. The study investigates the extent and the type of gender differences between male and female MPs in Kurdistan and how these differences may lead to misunderstandings while debating. . In addition, the study highlights the MPs’ perspective on gender stereotypes and how such perspectives may affect their interactions. A quantitative method has been used to analyze the data of the study. First, an ethnographic description of Kurdistan Parliament according to Hymes's speaking framework was given, focusing on the setting, the participants and the act sequence. Second, a questionnaire was prepared as the data collection tool of the study. Based on the analysis of the collected data, it was found out that both male and female MPs strongly agreed that gender differences in language use could lead to misunderstandings. Moreover, MPs confirmed that the Kurdish society is patriarchal, and this leads to male dominance in most of the social interactions including parliamentary debates.

scholarly journals Gender and Cultural Differences in the Relationships between Self-Esteem Contingency, Body Talk, and Body Esteem

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Jounghwa Choi ◽  
Yoojin Chung ◽  
Hye Eun Lee ◽  
Michael Prieler
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Body Talk ◽  
Cross National

This study analyzed the positive and negative body talk of male and female adolescents cross-culturally with an emphasis on the role of appearance-contingent and others’ approval-contingent self-worth. A cross-national survey in Austria, Belgium, Spain, and South Korea among 12- to 16-year-olds (982 female and 993 male) found that (1) positive body talk was positively related and negative body talk was negatively related to body esteem; (2) appearance contingency was positively related to negative body talk; (3) appearance contingency increased positive body talk among girls (except Korean girls); and (4) contingency on other’s approval increased positive body talk among boys in all four countries. Overall, gender differences were more prominent than cultural differences and positive body talk was instrumental in promoting adolescents’ body esteem.

scholarly journals Contrastive Pragmatics: Apologies & Thanks in English and Italian

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Demir ◽  
Mehmet Takkac
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
American English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Remedial Strategies

<p>Awareness of language or language competency has greatly changed from the focus of language itself as form and structure to language use as pragmatics. Accordingly, it is widely accepted that different cultures structure discourse in different ways. Moreover, studies have shown that this holds for discourse genres traditionally considered as highly standardized in their rituals and formulas. Taking inspiration from such studies, this paper employs a corpus-based approach to examine variations of the apology and thanking strategies used in English and Italian. First the apology itself as a form of social action is closely analyzed and then thanking. This study also pays special attention on analyzing and contrasting apology and thanking strategies in American English and in Italian in terms of Marion Owen’s remedial strategies (Owen, 1983), and Olshtain &amp; Cohen’s semantic formulas in the apology speech act set (Olshtain &amp; Cohen, 1983). The purpose of the study is not only to compare apology and thanking speech acts but to also learn their contextual use. The findings suggest that the status and role of the situation affect the speakers’ choice of apology and thanking strategies, and semantic formulas are of great importance.</p>

scholarly journals Suicide Notes: Exaggerations by Males and Females

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Purbo Kusumastuti ◽  
Aulia Apriana ◽  
Yazid Basthomi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Female Subjects

Touching into the gender differences between males and females in expressing the use of exaggeration expressions, this study analyzes the relevant data using the LIWC tool, the HIP method, and the deficit and difference theories. This study found that in relation to the gender stereotypes, both males and females speak differently, yet also demonstrate similarities. Both the male and female subjects express emotions equally in the language production; yet, the negative emotions are dominated by the males, and the positive emotions are dominated by the females. The difference of emotion productions influences the differences in the males’ production of exaggeration expressions, such as empty adjectives, italic expressions, and hyperbole by the female subjects.  

scholarly journals Higher Levels of Discourse and Understanding of Language Use

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1 (8)) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Iraj Safaei Keshtegar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Grammar Rules

Discourse analysis theory is an extensive scientific field where a number of scientific traditions cooperate, including linguistics, cognitive psychology, sociology and artificial intelligence. The present article attempts to reveal the role of the highest levels of discourse in explaining the role of the application of the language. To achieve the goal 70 male and female students of general English have been chosen randomly. The findings of the research correspond to the famous idea of D.H. Hymes about the application of the language according to which grammar rules are senseless without the knowledge of the rules of the language use. The research presents methodological advice to the lecturers of higher educational institutions which can help develop the communication skills of their lecturers.

scholarly journals Gender differences in audio-vestibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092917
Author(s):  
Virginia Corazzi ◽  
Andrea Ciorba ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Magdalena B Skarżyńska ◽  
Chiara Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship

In the last years, the attention to the role of gender in physiopathology and pharmacology of diseases in several medical disciplines is rising; however, the data on the relationship between gender and audio-vestibular disorders are still inconclusive and sometimes confusing. With this letter to the editor, we would like to review the role of gender in audio-vestibular disorders. Literature data show that anatomic variances of the inner ear do exist in men and women and that the different physiology and/or hormonal influence between genders could produce different clinical outcome of routine audiological and vestibular tests. Beyond the epidemiological gender-related differences, the clinical data suggest that the gender has a potential role as an etiopathogenetic factor in audio-vestibular disorders and it is probably responsible for the different clinical features observed between male and female subjects.

Attitudes toward Suicide: Italian and United States Physicians

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Domino ◽  
Luisa Perrone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Moral Evil ◽  
Right To Die ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Attitudes Toward Suicide

The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire was administered to 100 Italian and 100 United States physicians, comparable in age, gender, and medical field. Significant differences were obtained on seven of the eight SOQ scales, with Italian physicians showing greater agreement on the mental illness, right to die, religion, impulsivity, normality, aggression, and moral evil scales. Gender differences were obtained in both samples, with males scoring higher. These results are discussed in terms of cultural differences, especially the role of Catholicism.

scholarly journals Zing Zing Bang Bang: How Do You Know What She Really Meant. Gender Bias in Response to Irony: The Role of Who is Speaking to Whom

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Milanowicz ◽  
Piotr Kałowski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Intergroup Bias ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Stereotype Activation ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Activation Conditions

Abstract Literature points towards the role of context in irony interpretation and the existence of gender differences in language use. We decided to examine the influence of interlocutors’ gender stereotypes on interpreting and reacting to ironic criticism in conversation. To this end, we designed two experiments gathering participants’ responses to the same ironic utterances voiced both by women and by men in control and gender stereotype activation conditions. Results of the first experiment showed that women tended to use irony significantly more often when responding to a man than to another woman. The second, ongoing experiment will additionally examine participants’ response times and total time of utterance in respect to their addressee’s gender. The results are discussed with regard to the social comparison theory (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wetherell, 1987) and the linguistic intergroup bias theory (Wigboldus & Douglas, 2007).

Attracting prosocial lenders from different cultures to help others in microlending

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
JungHwa (Jenny) Hong ◽  
Kyung-Ah (Kay) Byun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the role of culture and future orientation in lenders’ prosocial microlending behaviors. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments examine how different cultural backgrounds, either individualistic or collectivistic, influenced microlenders’ prosocial behaviors, including the amount of microlending, the willingness to help and the length of commitment. Further, the moderating role of future orientation among individualists is investigated. Findings Results indicate that cultural differences influence prosocial microlending differently such that individualists give less to people in need compared to collectivists. Further, the author found that future orientation helps lenders in individualistic culture to improve prosocial microlending behaviors. Originality/value This paper emphasizes the role of cultural background and future orientation in promoting lenders’ prosocial giving in the context of microlending. The results assist social marketers to understand how to motivate giving behaviors via microlending among lenders in different cultures depending on future orientation.

Genderlect Styles Analysis Of Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House” From The Perspective Of Gender Differences In Language Use

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Story Telling ◽  
Analysis Tools ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
A Doll's House ◽  
The Way

This present paper examines Ibsen’s A Doll’s House from the viewpoint of gender differences in the use of language by the characters in the play, and the way the lives of the characters are affected by the use of language. The study concludes that the prevalent ideologies in the society define the gender roles that stimulate women to maintain intimacy and connection and men to preserve their independence and status. However, females break this connection when they tend to preserve their identity and individuality instead of maintaining connection. The analysis of the selected text, from the play, is carried out through using Discourse analysis tools like Identity Building Tool, Turn Taking and Holding Floor, Story Telling, Empty Adjectives, Intensifiers. Tannen’s theory of Genderlect Styles and Althusser’s concept of Ideological State Apparatuses have been used to draw the conclusion. Key Words: Discourse Analysis, A Doll’s House, Genderlect Styles, Ideological State Apparatuses.

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