scholarly journals Gender and Cultural Differences in the Relationships between Self-Esteem Contingency, Body Talk, and Body Esteem

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Jounghwa Choi ◽  
Yoojin Chung ◽  
Hye Eun Lee ◽  
Michael Prieler
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Body Talk ◽  
Cross National

This study analyzed the positive and negative body talk of male and female adolescents cross-culturally with an emphasis on the role of appearance-contingent and others’ approval-contingent self-worth. A cross-national survey in Austria, Belgium, Spain, and South Korea among 12- to 16-year-olds (982 female and 993 male) found that (1) positive body talk was positively related and negative body talk was negatively related to body esteem; (2) appearance contingency was positively related to negative body talk; (3) appearance contingency increased positive body talk among girls (except Korean girls); and (4) contingency on other’s approval increased positive body talk among boys in all four countries. Overall, gender differences were more prominent than cultural differences and positive body talk was instrumental in promoting adolescents’ body esteem.

scholarly journals Maternal and Paternal Bonding and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Psychological Distress Among Male and Female Adolescents

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela L. Curcio ◽  
Anita S. Mak ◽  
Amanda M. George
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parental Figures

While poor parental bonding has been linked with psychological distress, few studies have assessed bonding with mothers and fathers separately among adolescents and whether there are gender differences in the relationships between bonding and psychological distress. Additionally, low self-esteem has been shown to predict psychological distress, but low self-esteem may develop as a result of poor bonding with parental figures. We explored the relationships between (a) perceived maternal and paternal bonding factors and (b) psychological distress, and examined whether self-esteem mediated these relationships in a non-clinical sample of 337 adolescents (aged 13–17 years, M = 14.17, 50.6% female) in Canberra, Australia. Relative to males, females reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of psychological distress. For females, low self-esteem and perceived maternal or paternal rejection predicted higher levels of psychological distress, whereas low self-esteem predicted psychological distress for males. Implications for future research and further considerations are discussed.

scholarly journals Culture-Shaped Language of Male and Female Writers:

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irmala Sukendra
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Writers ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

This research would like to investigate how the writers of different genders from different cultures (western or American and Asian) reflected the differences in the language they used in their novels. Although gender differences were known to result from cultural differences, less research had been done in terms of contrasting the gender of different cultures, yet to discuss them in terms of gender roles as writers. This present research aimed to explore the role of gender in constructing language to examine gender stereotypes from a linguistic perspective and describe gender differences in language use. It used a library study as its method, which included several steps of reading the material, collecting and listing the swear words and adjectives used, categorizing the choice of words, and analyzing the choices. The research concludes that culture does contribute to the differences in how swear words are expressed, in which Indonesian writers use fewer swear words and avoid using vulgar words and profanity. In other words, gender differences do not affect adjectives used in Bahasa Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Relationships among Self-Worth Contingency on Others’ Approval, Appearance Comparisons on Facebook, and Adolescent Girls’ Body Esteem: A Cross-Cultural Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prieler ◽  
Jounghwa Choi ◽  
Hye Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Body Esteem ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Appearance Comparison

The present study examined the relationship between appearance-related social comparison on social networking services (SNSs) and body esteem in a cross-cultural context (three European countries, i.e., Austria, Belgium, and Spain, versus one Asian country, i.e., South Korea). The role of self-worth contingency on others’ approval was considered to be a psychological and cultural factor. Utilizing a large-scale cross-national survey of early and middle adolescents in 2017, the responses of female adolescents (N = 981) were analyzed. The results generally support the findings from previous studies but also reveal cultural differences. Appearance comparison on Facebook negatively influenced girls’ body esteem in all European countries, but not in South Korea. Self-worth contingency on others’ approval negatively influenced girls’ body esteem across all four countries. Finally, a positive relationship between self-worth contingency on others’ approval and appearance comparison on Facebook was found in all European countries, but not among Korean girls. These findings suggest the importance of self-worth contingency on others’ approval and cultural contexts can be used to study the effects of body image-related SNS use.

scholarly journals Sociocognitive Self-Regulatory Mechanisms Governing Judgments of the Acceptability and Likelihood of Sport Cheating

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne d’Arripe-Longueville ◽  
Karine Corrion ◽  
Stéphanie Scoffier ◽  
Peggy Roussel ◽  
Aïna Chalabaev
Keyword(s):  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Social Efficacy

This study extends previous psychosocial literature (Bandura et al., 2001, 2003) by examining a structural model of the self-regulatory mechanisms governing the acceptability and likelihood of cheating in a sport context. Male and female adolescents (N = 804), aged 15–20 years, took part in this study. Negative affective self-regulatory efficacy influenced the acceptability and likelihood of cheating through the mediating role of moral disengagement, in females and males. Affective efficacy positively influenced prosocial behavior through moral disengagement or through resistive self-regulatory efficacy and social efficacy, in both groups. The direct effects of affective efficacy on beliefs about cheating were only evident in females. These results extend the findings of Bandura et al. (2001, 2003) to the sport context and suggest that affective and resistive self-regulatory efficacy operate in concert in governing adolescents’ moral disengagement and transgressive behaviors in sport.

Why Do Easterners Have Lower Well-Being Than Westerners? The Role of Others’ Approval Contingencies of Self-Worth in the Cross-Cultural Differences in Subjective Well-Being

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Hong Liu ◽  
Yi-Hsing Claire Chiu ◽  
Jen-Ho Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
The Cross

Previous studies have shown that Easterners generally perceive themselves as having lower subjective well-being compared with Westerners, and several mechanisms causing such differences have been identified. However, few studies have analyzed the causes of such differences from the perspective of the cross-cultural differences in the meanings of important life events such as whether people receive approval from others. Specifically, events regarding others’ approval might have different meanings to and influences on Easterners and Westerners. Thus, the degree of fluctuation of people’s views of self-worth in response to these events (i.e., others’ approval contingencies of self-worth [CSW]) probably differs between Easterners and Westerners. This may be a reason for cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. We investigated two samples of undergraduate students from Taiwan and the United States to examine the mediating role of others’ approval CSW in forming cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. The results revealed that Taiwanese participants exhibited lower subjective well-being and higher others’ approval CSW than American participants. In addition, others’ approval CSW partially mediated the cross-cultural differences in subjective well-being. Thus, one reason for lower subjective well-being among Easterners was likely that their self-esteem was more prone to larger fluctuations depending on whether they receive approval from others in everyday life.

scholarly journals Gender differences in audio-vestibular disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092917
Author(s):  
Virginia Corazzi ◽  
Andrea Ciorba ◽  
Piotr Henryk Skarżyński ◽  
Magdalena B Skarżyńska ◽  
Chiara Bianchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Vestibular Disorders ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Vestibular Tests ◽  
Medical Disciplines ◽  
The Relationship

In the last years, the attention to the role of gender in physiopathology and pharmacology of diseases in several medical disciplines is rising; however, the data on the relationship between gender and audio-vestibular disorders are still inconclusive and sometimes confusing. With this letter to the editor, we would like to review the role of gender in audio-vestibular disorders. Literature data show that anatomic variances of the inner ear do exist in men and women and that the different physiology and/or hormonal influence between genders could produce different clinical outcome of routine audiological and vestibular tests. Beyond the epidemiological gender-related differences, the clinical data suggest that the gender has a potential role as an etiopathogenetic factor in audio-vestibular disorders and it is probably responsible for the different clinical features observed between male and female subjects.

Complete Yet Inadequate: The Role of Learned Helplessness and Self-Attribution from the Writings of Paul

1983 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Mcminn ◽  
Gordon N. Mcminn
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Realistic Appraisal

The model of learned helplessness is reviewed and related to New Testament Pauline writings. It is suggested that Paul did experience the perception of helplessness, yet did not experience the deficits which often accompany helplessness. The lack of such deficits can be explained, in terms of a reformulated model of learned helplessness, by considering the self-attributional statements exhibited in Paul's writings. Despite Paul's realistic appraisal of his helplessness, his self-worth was not threatened –- he was complete although inadequate. It is suggested that an overemphasis on the doctrine of inadequacy may lead to self-esteem deficits among evangelicals.

What Influences Parenting Behaviour? The Role of Parent Self-Concept

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
Catherine B. Gittins ◽  
Maree J. Abbott ◽  
Caroline Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Control ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Behavioural Control ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Controlling Behaviour ◽  
Parenting Behaviours ◽  
Parenting Behaviour

AbstractParenting has a strong influence on child development. However, there is minimal empirical evidence on why some parents use beneficial techniques, while others use harmful behaviours. Thus, there is a significant gap in the knowledge needed to address problematic parenting. Theories suggest that parental self-concept has a large influence on parenting behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between parent self-cognitions and parenting behaviours. One-hundred and four mothers of Grade 7 students completed questionnaires measuring their self-esteem, self-criticism, domain-specific self-concept, and parenting behaviours (support, behavioural control, and psychological control). Regression analyses demonstrated that self-cognitions largely predicted psychological control but support or behavioural control did not. These findings suggest that psychologically controlling behaviour in parents may be due to poor self-worth. With psychological control known to deeply damage children, these findings have major implications for interventions targeting harmful parenting.

What Regulates Gratitude Response of Women and Men? The Role of the Received Good, Psychosocial Factors, and Repayment

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Preś ◽  
Jacek Kurpisz ◽  
Justyna Pełka-Wysiecka ◽  
Katarzyna Adamowicz ◽  
Daria Suchecka-Fidura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Quasi Experimental

This paper touches upon gender differences concerning psychosocial factors related to the emotional reaction of gratitude and forms of expressing gratitude in quasi-experimental conditions. It is based on findings from a study conducted on 576 participants of both sexes, aged 14 to 86 years. There were used three versions of the same questionnaire, depending on the type of the received good—material, intangible, or none. The participants’ gratitude level (as a trait), self-esteem, and emotional intelligence were measured. The findings revealed that women and young adults experience the highest levels of gratitude. Gender and age significantly differentiated the preferred ways of showing gratitude. Gratitude level was found to be positively correlated with self-esteem, emotional intelligence, and readiness to help people—both the benefactor and others. Getting an intangible good was associated with the strongest urge to reciprocate the benefactor. The preferred way of showing gratitude significantly varied between the investigated groups.

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