CLASSIFICATION OF THE OBJECTIVES OF THE HOLDING EXAMINATION BY STUDYING ITS SYSTEM-COGNITIVE MODEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Veniaminovich Lutsenko ◽  
Elena Karimovna Pechurina
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Model

Cognitive Processes by using Finite State Machines

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
Ismael Rodríguez ◽  
Manuel Núñez ◽  
Fernando Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
Finite State Machines ◽  
State Machines ◽  
Occam’S Razor ◽  
The World ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Occam's Razor

Finite State Machines (FSM) are formalisms that have been used for decades to describe the behavior of systems. They can also provide an intelligent agent with a suitable formalism for describing its own beliefs about the behavior of the world surrounding it. In fact, FSMs are the suitable acceptors for right linear languages, which are the simplest languages considered in Chomsky’s classification of languages. Since Chomsky proposes that the generation of language (and, indirectly, any mental process) can be expressed through a kind of formal language, it can be assumed that cognitive processes can be formulated by means of the formalisms that can express those languages. Hence, we will use FSMs as a suitable formalism for representing (simple) cognitive models. We present an algorithm that, given an observation of the environment, produces an FSM describing an environment behavior that is capable to produce that observation. Since an infinite number of different FSMs could have produced that observation, we have to choose the most feasible one. When a phenomenon can be explained with several theories, Occam’s razor principle, which is basic in science, encourages choosing the simplest explanation. Applying this criterion to our problem, we choose the simplest (smallest) FSM that could have produced that observation. An algorithm is presented to solve this problem. In conclusion, our framework provides a cognitive model that is the most preferable theory for the observer, according to the Occam’s razor criterion.

Robot Inner Perception Capability Through a Soft Somatosensory System

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 59-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnese Augello ◽  
Ignazio Infantino ◽  
Umberto Maniscalco ◽  
Giovanni Pilato ◽  
Filippo Vella
Keyword(s):  
Humanoid Robot ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Soft Sensors ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Motivation Level

The capability of a robot being aware of its internal status is a step forward to the enhancement of human–robot interaction. The possibility of feeling either pleasant or unpleasant sensations is at the basis of the motivation level of a robot. It can modulate the “willingness” of accomplishing a given task. Negative sensations can represent an alarm indicating dangerous situations, while the feeling of a reassuring environment or a well-being sensation can be a stimulus in pursuing the task, even in the presence of a painful perception. In this paper, we illustrate a bio-inspired somatosensory system embedded in a cognitive model for a humanoid robot. The system is based on a set of soft sensors that have been designed in order to make it possible for the interpretation of the robot physical sensations through a proper classification of the perceived somatosensory signals. This interpretation triggers and modulates the motivation level of the robot as well as its behavior.

scholarly journals Image as a Model in the German Language: Practices of Definitional Analyses

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
O. V. Printsipalova
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
German Language ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Concept Image ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
The Ideal

The paper considers the semantic structure of the concept IMAGE in the German language. The article presents the results of the definitional analysis of the lexeme “Image”. The procedure of the definitional analysis, which enabled us to identify cognitive integral elements in order to objectify the concept of IMAGE, is specified. The classification of all identified semes is given in accordance with the activity-based approach; and the dominants of the ideal cognitive model of IMAGE are singled out, which include SUBJECT, OBJECT, MOTIVES, RESULTATIVE, and PROCEDURAL-SUBSTANTIVE SIDES of the concept. The structure of the idealized cognitive model of IMAGE is constructed of the units identified at the three stages of componential analysis. It is argued that the idealized conceptual model is associated with positive characteristics of an individual or a group of people in the eyes of others. At the same time the terminals included in the slots of the cognitive model are attacked in order to discredit a political opponent or to indicate the negative consequences of the politics conducted by the members of the outgroup. The author comes to the conclusion that the speaker purposefully tries to present his political opponents as inconsistent with the idealized cognitive model of IMAGE, discrediting their positive image in the eyes of others.

Note on the spectral classification of carbon stars in the photographic infrared region

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Y. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Region ◽  
Spectral Classification ◽  
Carbon Stars

We have investigated the spectrograms (dispersion: 8Å/mm) in the photographic infrared region fromλ7500 toλ9000 of some carbon stars obtained by the coudé spectrograph of the 74-inch reflector attached to the Okayama Astrophysical Observatory. The names of the stars investigated are listed in Table 1.

Diagnostic Value of Electron Microscopy in Soft Tissue Tumors

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Gerald Fine ◽  
Azorides R. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Myxoma ◽  
Osteogenic Sarcoma ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Amelanotic Melanoma ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Good Agreement

For years the separation of carcinoma and sarcoma and the subclassification of sarcomas has been based on the appearance of the tumor cells and their microscopic growth pattern and information derived from certain histochemical and special stains. Although this method of study has produced good agreement among pathologists in the separation of carcinoma from sarcoma, it has given less uniform results in the subclassification of sarcomas. There remain examples of neoplasms of different histogenesis, the classification of which is questionable because of similar cytologic and growth patterns at the light microscopic level; i.e. amelanotic melanoma versus carcinoma and occasionally sarcoma, sarcomas with an epithelial pattern of growth simulating carcinoma, histologically similar mesenchymal tumors of different histogenesis (histiocytoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma, lytic osteogenic sarcoma versus rhabdomyosarcoma), and myxomatous mesenchymal tumors of diverse histogenesis (myxoid rhabdo and liposarcomas, cardiac myxoma, myxoid neurofibroma, etc.)

Ultrastructure of mesotheliomas

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 98-101
Author(s):  
Irving Dardick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Spindle Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Metastatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Cell Sarcoma ◽  
Cytological Features ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation

With the extensive industrial use of asbestos in this century and the long latent period (20-50 years) between exposure and tumor presentation, the incidence of malignant mesothelioma is now increasing. Thus, surgical pathologists are more frequently faced with the dilemma of differentiating mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma and spindle-cell sarcoma involving serosal surfaces. Electron microscopy is amodality useful in clarifying this problem.In utilizing ultrastructural features in the diagnosis of mesothelioma, it is essential to appreciate that the classification of this tumor reflects a variety of morphologic forms of differing biologic behavior (Table 1). Furthermore, with the variable histology and degree of differentiation in mesotheliomas it might be expected that the ultrastructure of such tumors also reflects a range of cytological features. Such is the case.

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

Dual stain kit for the microscopic gram classification of ocular infection bacteria

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 248-249
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Hanker ◽  
Dale N. Holdren ◽  
Kenneth L. Cohen ◽  
Beverly L. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Ocular Infection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Keratitis and conjunctivitis (infections of the cornea or conjunctiva) are ocular infections caused by various bacteria, fungi, viruses or parasites; bacteria, however, are usually prominent. Systemic conditions such as alcoholism, diabetes, debilitating disease, AIDS and immunosuppressive therapy can lead to increased susceptibility but trauma and contact lens use are very important factors. Gram-negative bacteria are most frequently cultured in these situations and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is most usually isolated from culture-positive ulcers of patients using contact lenses. Smears for staining can be obtained with a special swab or spatula and Gram staining frequently guides choice of a therapeutic rinse prior to the report of the culture results upon which specific antibiotic therapy is based. In some cases staining of the direct smear may be diagnostic in situations where the culture will not grow. In these cases different types of stains occasionally assist in guiding therapy.

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