scholarly journals Croup syndrome and primary infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis in children

2019 ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
L. I. Mozzhukhina ◽  
O. G. Chelnokova ◽  
T. A. Kogut ◽  
A. L. Salova
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Autonomic Reactivity ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Croup Syndrome ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) occupy an important place in infectious pathology of children’s age. One of the frequent and severe manifestations of ARVI, accompanied by respiratory disorders, is stenosing laryngotracheitis (croup syndrome). Primary stenosing laryngotracheitis develops, as a rule, in children of the second-third year of life, rarely-older than 5 years. In 30–50% of patients, croup syndrome recur, often accompanied by signs of bronchial obstruction. The reasons for the formation of the relapses studied enough: discusses the role of concomitant allergic diseases, immune dysfunction, autonomic reactivity, etc. At the same time, the importance of such background conditions as the infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the presence of local forms of tuberculosis (TB) in children in the development of croup syndrome and its recurrence in the literature is not reflected. In the course of our study, it was found that children with primary and recurrent croup are often infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the age of 5 years, which allows them to be classified as at risk of tuberculosis infection; recurrent croup is significantly more often implemented in the early period of primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the development of local forms of TB. Chemoprophylaxis and TB therapy can reduce the risk of developing recurrent croup syndrome in 82% of patients. Thus, one of the possible factors in the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome of croup can be a TB infection.

scholarly journals Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and the development of laryngeal stenosis in children — is there a relationship?

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
A. L. Salova ◽  
O. G. Chelnokova ◽  
L. I. Mozzhukhina ◽  
T. A. Kogut
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Laryngeal Stenosis ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim is to study the relationship of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and the development of laryngeal stenosis (croup) in children. 250 children with croup aged from 6 months to 8 years were examined.It was found that infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children with laryngeal stenosis (croup) developed at the age of under 4 years. The first episode of croup coincided in 90% of cases with the early period of primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A high proportion of close contact with adult tuberculosis patients reached 35% in patients with recurrent laryngeal stenosis (croup). The incidence of tuberculosis among children with repeated episodes of croup was 30%. Anti-TB therapy for latent tuberculosis infection or local forms of tuberculosis led to the cessation of repeated episodes of croup in 85% of cases. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and active tuberculosis infection is considered as one of the factors contributing to the recurrent course of laryngeal stenosis in children.

scholarly journals Bronchial obstructive syndrome in primary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
A. L. Salova ◽  
O. G. Chelnokova ◽  
L. I. Mozzhukhina ◽  
T. A. Kogut
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children

Рurpose. The aim is to study the influence of primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection on the occurrence of bronchial obstruction syndrome in children. Materials and methods. A retrospective study of primary medical records of 60 children aged 2 to 6 years for the period from 2016 to 2018, with diagnoses of acute obstructive bronchitis and acute respiratory infection. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group I — 30 children with bronchial obstruction syndrome, II group — 30 people — children with common cold without bronchial obstruction syndrome (control group). We studied the dynamics of reactions to the Mantoux test with 2 TE, contacts with tuberculosis patients, the effectiveness of Vaccinum tuberculosis (BCG-M) vaccination, allergological history, the nature of feeding and allergizing factors in everyday life. Data processing was performed using the NanoStat 1.6 program. Тhe сritical level of statistical significance was assumed to be p < 0.05. Results. It was found that primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) infection in children under 4 years has a direct correlation with a high risk of bronchial obstruction syndrome. At the same time, bronchial obstruction syndrome occurred in the absence of local tuberculosis, which can be considered as a paraspecific reaction in the case of primary MBT infection. Сonclusions. The observed relationship between the two phenomena determines the need to examine young children with bronchial obstruction syndrome for MBT infection.

scholarly journals Investigation of markers of allergic sensitization and viral infections in children with allergy and asthma

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Rūta Dubakienė ◽  
Vilija Rubinaitė ◽  
Malvina Petronytė ◽  
Indrė Dalgėdienė ◽  
Odilija Rudzevičienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Allergic Sensitization ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Specific Ige ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Airway Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Background. Allergic diseases are the most prevalent chronic diseases in the developed countries. It is believed that early allergic sensitization and respiratory viral infections play an important role in the development of allergic diseases and asthma. Methods. The current study investigated the correlation between asthma, allergy, and various markers – allergen-specific IgE, IgG4 and IgA, ECP, IgM, and IgG antibodies against respiratory viruses hRSV and hPIV1-4 – in blood serum samples from 80 children (mean age 5.2 years) recruited from the Lithuanian birth cohort. Children were divided into three groups according to their diagnosis: asthma (n = 25), allergy without asthma (n = 14), and control group (n = 41). Results. Based on retrospective data, airway infections and bronchitis by the age of two years were associated with asthma in later childhood. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against hRSV and hPIV1–4 at the age of five years were not associated with asthma and allergy: a high rate of persistent or past respiratory viral infections was revealed in all three groups. Among allergic children, increased levels of allergen-specific IgE and d1-specific IgG4 were determined. Conclusion. The current study provides new insights into the relationships between allergic sensitization and respiratory virus infections in children.

Endotox1nemy and bronchial obstruction syndrome in respiratory viral infections in children

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
G. R. Khasanova ◽  
V. A. Anokhin ◽  
R. A. Urazaev ◽  
M. Yu. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Plasma Endotoxin ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Endotoxin Content ◽  
Exact Dependence

As many as 101 patients with acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) aged 3 months to 3 years are examined, of these in 51 patients the disease going with bronchoobstructive syndrome. According to the level of antiendotoxinal antibodies, plasma endotoxin and that connected by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, it is established that the acute period of acute respiratory viral infections with bronchoobstructive syndrome goes in the presence of pronounced cellularly connected endotoxinemy. The exact dependence is revealed between plasma endotoxin content and pronounced physical variations in respiratory organs in this form of the disease. Viral and bacterial nature of respiratory infections in children is confirmed by the assessment of the level of antiviral and antiendotoxinal antobodies. The data obtained allow suggesting the possible participation of endotoxin in genesis of bronchial obstruction in acute respiratory viral infections.

Tuberculosis

Chest Imaging ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Sonia L. Betancourt
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
Airborne Infection ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Obligate Aerobe ◽  
Spread Of Infection ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an obligate aerobe, nonmotile, non-spore-forming bacillus. TB is a major cause of morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries. Patients with impaired cellular immunity including HIV (+), elderly, prisoners, and indigents and homeless patients have an increased susceptibility for active TB disease. Primary infection usually resolves without complications in immunocompetent patients. The most common radiologic manifestations of primary TB in children are consolidation and lymphadenopathy. Progressive primary TB with widespread hamatogenous dissemination may rarely occur. Patchy or nodular opacities in the upper lobes with associated cavitation are characteristic radiologic findings of active infection. While this pattern often correlates with relatively spared immunity, it denotes highly infectious individuals who require isolation.CT is very sensitive for the detection of bronchogenic spread of infection manifesting with discrete nodules, tree-in-bud opacities and cavitation.Miliary TB refers to hematogenous spread of infection.

Monocyte-Independent and -Dependent Regulation of Regulatory T-Cell Development in Mycoplasma Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Takahashi ◽  
Tetsuo Shiohara ◽  
Yoshiko Mizukawa
Keyword(s):  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
T Cell Development ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Treg Function ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, the mechanism of this trigger remains unknown. We explored the mechanism for how MP infection could tilt the balance between regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells. Methods We analyzed the frequency, phenotype, and function of Tregs in patients at the different stages of MP and various virus infections over a period of more than 1 year. We examined the effect of monocytes to elucidate signals that can regulate the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. Results The functional activity of Tregs was profoundly impaired during the acute stage of MP as well as viral infections. Upon resolution, however, the Treg function remained impaired even 1 year after MP infection. In the resolution stage, the impaired Treg function was associated with an increase in interleukin (IL) 17A+ Tregs and Th17 cells. Development of Th17 cells was dependent on the “aberrant” proinflammatory monocytes (pMOs), characterized by potent ability to produce IL-6 in a Toll-like receptor 2–dependent manner. Conclusions Depending on the prevalence of the pMOs, Tregs and Th17 cells could mutually regulate the number and function of the other. The pMOs/IL-6 could be crucial therapeutic targets against MP-induced allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Primary and Repeated Respiratory Viral Infections Among Infants in Rural Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Boonyaratanakornkit ◽  
Janet A Englund ◽  
Amalia S Magaret ◽  
Yunqi Bu ◽  
James M Tielsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Infection ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Repeated Infection ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Repeated Infections ◽  
Rural Nepal

Abstract Background Respiratory viruses cause significant morbidity and death in infants; 99% of such deaths occur in resource-limited settings. Risk factors for initial and repeated respiratory viral infections in young infants in resource-limited settings have not been well described. Methods From 2011 to 2014, a birth cohort of infants in rural Nepal was enrolled and followed with weekly household-based active surveillance for respiratory symptoms until 6 months of age. Respiratory illness was defined as having any of the following: fever, cough, wheeze, difficulty breathing, and/or a draining ear. We tested nasal swabs of infants with respiratory illness for multiple respiratory viruses by using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The risk of primary and repeated infections with the same virus was evaluated using Poisson regression. Results Of 3528 infants, 1726 (49%) had a primary infection, and 419 (12%) had a repeated infection. The incidences of respiratory viral infection in infants were 1816 per 1000 person-years for primary infections and 1204 per 1000 person-years for repeated infection with the same virus. Exposure to other children and male sex were each associated with an increased risk for primary infection (risk ratios, 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06–1.20] and 1.14 [95% CI, 1.02–1.27], respectively), whereas higher maternal education was associated with a decreased risk for both primary and repeated infections (risk ratio, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.95–0.98]). The incidence of subsequent infection did not change when previous infection with the same or another respiratory virus occurred. Illness duration and severity were not significantly different in the infants between the first and second episodes for any respiratory virus tested. Conclusions In infants in rural Nepal, repeated respiratory virus infections were frequent, and we found no decrease in illness severity with repeated infections and no evidence of replacement with another virus. Vaccine strategies and public health interventions that provide durable protection in the first 6 months of life could decrease the burden of repeated infections by multiple respiratory viruses, particularly in low-resource countries.

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