scholarly journals Modern principles of cardiotocography in childbirth

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
A. M. Prikhodko ◽  
A. Yu. Romanov ◽  
O. V. Tysyachnyy ◽  
M. D. Gapaeva ◽  
O. R. Baev

Cardiotocography (CTG) is the main method of assessment of the fetus, which due to its informativeness and stability of the information obtained has almost completely replaced the phonoand electrocardiography of the fetus from the clinical practice. A CTG can be used to monitor the fetus during both pregnancy and delivery. Depending on the presence or absence of risk factors, internal or external CTGs are now used. Knowledge of the basic principles, definitions and concepts of CTG, its classification, as well as accumulated clinical experience, helps to interpret the results obtained and improve the outcomes of childbirth. CTG data should be considered in combination with the clinical situation in order to select the correct management of birth tactics and decide on the method of delivery. A recording made during delivery is a medical document that can be used for a comprehensive assessment of the course of delivery, as well as for legal protection of the clinician in complex situations. However, the method has insufficient specificity regarding the diagnosis of acute hypoxia. At present, there are no methods to accurately predict fetal hypoxia, and therefore, to solve this problem, CTG should be routinely performed on all new mothers. Increased experience with CTG helps to interpret the results and improves the outcome of childbirth. However, the method of delivery is always determined by the clinical situation. Despite the wide practical application of CTG, a number of unresolved issues remain, which requires further development of fetal monitoring methods.

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 411-442
Author(s):  
Nikol Žiha ◽  

The paper explores the emergence of contractual liability of physicians in Roman law. Although medicine was in its rudimentary form, the question of the nature of medical liability was problematized as early as the antiquity, when the principle of a physician’s responsibility for negligence, but not necessarily for the ultimate success of a treatment, developed. After initial considerations aimed at identifying who was to be recognised as a physician and what qualifications had to be met in order to be considered a part of the medical profession, through the analysis of legal sources, the central part of the paper aims to determine the legal nature of the contract and, accordingly, the legal protection available to the patient. The final part of the paper examines the preconditions for medical liability, as well as compensation, and concludes with a review of the basic principles that laid the foundation for further development of a physician’s liability for damage caused by a violation of medical science standards.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Anna I. Kovalevskaya ◽  

The article considers the main stages in formation of the method for the comparative historical typology the first steps of which were made by A.N. Veselovsky in the second half of the 19 th century. For example, the point elaborated upon in “Historical Poetics” concerning consequential evolution of genres and poetic forms that reflect social reality became the starting point for the further development of that method. Work in this direction was continued later on by V.M. Zhirmunsky. At the beginning of his career in academia he dwelled upon the issues of literary theory and – while keeping “Historical Poetics” in high regard – continued Veselovsky’s work in the field of literary studies. However, turning to folklore material, he managed to develop the basic principles of the comparative historical method: first of all, he had analysed and systematised the extensive epic material, what allowed him to reveal in the folklore work the national and the general, for the successful search and analysis of which the method was necessary. The author analysis of the works of Zhirmunsky, that contain his main ideas, and considers not only his suggestions on how to work with folk material, and also the features of the comparative typological method, as well as the development of Zhirmunsky’s ideas in the works of his students, followers and scientists who came to a similar result on their own (for example, V.Ya. Propp) and influenced further refinement of the methods of comparative typology.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Farxod Djurayev ◽  

The article is devoted to the prevention of crime, maintenance of public order and early crime prevention, identification and elimination of the causes of crime in each district, family and individual, classification of each district depending on the crime situation in these regions and joint work to attract all forces and means to identify and eliminate the causes of crime, the role of the law "On operational-search activities" in the prevention of offenses, the concept of operational-search activities, the main tasks, basic principles; bodies carrying out operational-search activities, their legal status; types of operational-search measures and their comments regarding the procedure for conducting a search; social and legal protection of law enforcement officers and persons assisting in the conduct of such events, as well as their family members


Author(s):  
О.В. Крежевских ◽  
А.И. Михайлова

Создание геймифицированных образовательных ресурсов позволяет повысить мотивацию студентов к обучению, индивидуализировать образовательные маршруты, обеспечить вариативность содержания образования, учесть ограничения в здоровье. Цель настоящей статьи состоит в описании принципов разработки цифровых мультимедийных игр для сферы профессионального образования с учетом командного взаимодействия представителей различных профессиональных групп. В результате исследования выделены основные принципы разработки цифровых мультимедийных игр, предполагающие использование звуковых, анимационных и других эффектов при проведении корпоративных сеансов и выполнении творческих заданий. Практическая значимость заключается в возможности использования описанных принципов для дальнейшей разработки геймифицированных ресурсов. The creation of gamified resources makes it possible to increase the students’ motivation with the content of activities, to individualize educational routes, to ensure the variability of the content of education, to take into account health restrictions. The aim of this article is to describe the principles of developing digital multimedia games for vocational education, taking into account the team interaction of representatives of various professional groups. As a result of the study the basic principles of the development of digital multimedia games are highlighted, involving the use of sound, animation and other effects for corporate sessions and for doing creative tasks. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using the described principles for further development of gamified resources.


Jurnal Akta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Dwikky Bagus wibisono ◽  
Umar Ma’ruf

AbstrakLembaga Kenotariatan adalah salah satu lembaga kemasyarakatan yang ada di Indonesia, lembaga ini timbul dari kebutuhan dalam pergaulan sesama manusia yang menghendaki adanya suatu alat bukti mengenai hubungan hukum keperdataan yang ada dan atau terjadi diantara mereka.Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis empiris, spesifikasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitis, teknik pengumpulan data ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan dan studi kepustakaan.Notaris sebagai pejabat umum dalam menjalankan jabatannya perlu diberikan perlindungan hukum, antara lain pertama untuk tetap menjaga keluhuran harkat dan martabat jabatannya termasuk ketika memberikan kesaksian dan berproses dalam pemeriksaan dan persidangan. Kedua, merahasiakan akta keterangan yang diperoleh guna pembuatan akta dan ketiga, menjaga minuta atau surat-surat yang dilekatkan pada minuta akta atau protokol Notaris dalam penyimpanan Notaris. Ketiga hal inilah yang menjadi dasar dalam Pasal 66 UUJN dalam hal pemanggilan Notaris untuk proses peradilan, penyidikan, penuntut umum atau hakim dengan persetujuan Majelis Pengawas.Kata Kunci: Majelis Pengawas Daerah, Pengawasan,Jabatan Notaris AbstractsThe Notary Institution is one of the existing social institutions in Indonesia, this institution arises from the needs in the association of fellow human who wants a proof of the relationship of civil law existing and / or occur between them.The approach method used in this research is empirical juridical, the specification used in this research is analytical descriptive, this data collection technique using field research and literature study.Notary as a general official in carrying out his / her position needs to be given legal protection, among others, first to maintain the nobility of dignity and dignity of office including when giving testimony and proceeding in examination and trial. Second, to keep secret deeds obtained for making the deed and third, to keep the minuta or letters attached to the Minutes of Notary or Notary's protocol in the Notary's depository. These are the basic principles of Article 66 of the UUJN in the case of calling a Notary to the judicial, investigative, prosecutorial or judicial process with the approval of the Supervisory Board.Keywords:  Regional Supervisory Board,Supervision,Notary Position


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1743-1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artem Shamilyevich Bureev ◽  
Dmitry Sergeevich Zhdanov ◽  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Zilberman ◽  
Ekaterina Yurievna Kiseleva ◽  
Sergey Yurievich Yuriev

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rauch ◽  
L. Sztangret ◽  
M. Pietrzyk

Abstract The paper describes the hybrid computer system dedicated to identification of models of materials subjected to thermomechanical processing. The functionalities of the system consist of plastometric tests data processing and application of the inverse analysis. The latter functionality is realized unconventionally, instead of the finite element method the metamodel is implemented using artificial neural network. The metamodels, used for simulations of the plastometric tests, are imported to the proposed computer system as external plugins, what guarantees flexibility and possibility of further development. On the other hand, application of rich optimization libraries assures the best possible solution of the problem. Basic principles of the inverse analysis with metamodels and mentioned optimization procedures are described in the paper. Selected examples of identification of models for various metallic materials recapitulate the paper.


Author(s):  
M. Yu Gerasimenko ◽  
M. A Eremushkin ◽  
M. V Arkhipov ◽  
Yu. I Kolyagin ◽  
I. V Antonovich

The ongoing active development of robotics in the framework of the new economic paradigm known as «the 4th technological revolution» opens up new possibilities for the progress in various disciplines including medicine. The further improvement and clinical application of robotic manipulation mechanotherapeutic complexes are among the major priorities for the Russian public healthcare system. The article represents the characteristics of the Russian robotic manipulator prototype designed to enhance the effectiveness of medical rehabilitation, develop various options of the robotic situational behavior, and specify the topical issues as regards the improvement of the manipulation robotic systems that require the effective solutions and actions. The prospects for the formation of the basic principles of new specialty «massage programmer» are outlined based on the above considerations.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
Kay Maree Hammond

Construction of visual material to enhance audience understanding of an oral presentation is an important skill in educational and professional settings. Many first-year undergraduates may not be familiar with the basic principles of effective slide design to increase audience understanding. However, faculty face time pressures to train students on effective use of information technology for educational activities. This paper reports on the development and use of a time-efficient, engaging, in-class activity involving specific learning criteria for slide design in an academic literacy course. The activity is based on experiential learning and peer teaching to increase student ability and confidence with creating PowerPoint slides for first year undergraduates. Students evaluated the activity positively and were able to achieve most of the learning criteria. Recommendations for further development of the activity are provided.


2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Casini ◽  
Marina Casini ◽  
Antonio G. Spagnolo

L’articolo esamina la sentenza n° C-34/10 (caso Oliver Brüstle vs Greenpeace e V) del 18 ottobre 2011, emanata dalla Corte Europea di Giustizia, evidenziandone l’importanza, i limiti e le auspicabili implicazioni. Oggetto della sentenza sono tre questioni interpretative relative all’art. 6 della Direttiva sulla protezione giuridica delle invenzioni biotecnologiche. Tra queste, la principale riguarda la nozione di embrione umano. “Costituisce un embrione umano – affermano i giudici – qualunque ovulo umano fin dalla fecondazione, qualunque ovulo umano non fecondato in cui sia impiantato il nucleo di una cellula umana matura e qualunque ovulo umano non fecondato che, attraverso partenogenesi, sia indotto a dividersi e a svilupparsi”. Di conseguenza non possono essere concessi brevetti a procedure che utilizzino embrioni umani o che, comunque, ne presuppongano la preventiva distruzione. Il contesto della sentenza riguarda, appunto, la materia dei brevetti e come si legge al punto 31 della sentenza “la portata dei termini per i quali il diritto dell’Unione non fornisce alcuna definizione va operata tenendo conto del contesto in cui essi sono utilizzati e degli scopi perseguiti dalla normativa di cui fanno parte”. Nonostante il chiaro limite, la sentenza ha una sua positività che va oltre l’ambito brevettuale. I motivi della non brevettabilità consistono in un giudizio etico che non può essere ignorato anche al di fuori del campo brevettuale. La riflessione si estende anche all’ambito dei programmi di ricerca europei, dove coerenza vorrebbe che gli incentivi economici non fossero assegnati per la ricerca che implica la distruzione di embrioni umani e investe anche la comunità scientifica spingendo verso le ben più promettenti ricerche su cellule staminali adulte. Non dimentichiamo, infine, dopo l’entrata in vigore del Trattato di Lisbona, l’influenza che la giurisprudenza della Corte di giustizia europea di Lussemburgo potrebbe avere sulla giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell’uomo di Strasburgo, meno incline – al momento – a riconoscere un concetto di embrione in senso ampio. ---------- The article deals with the European Court of Justice’s decision on October 18th 2011 (C-34/10, Brüstle vs Greepeace e. V.) and it shows importance, limits and desirable consequences of it. Three explanatory issues regarding the article no. 6 of the directive on the legal protection of biothecnological inventions are object of this decision. The most important among them concerns with the notion of human embryo. The Court states that: “any human ovum after fertilization, any non-fertilized human ovum into which the cell has been transplanted and any non-fertilized human ovum whose division and further development have been stimulated by parthenogenesis, constitute a human embryo”. Therefore, procedures using human embryos or which implies the destruction of human embryos are not patentable. The contest of the decision concerns exactly patent field and the point no. 31 states: “It must be borne in mind, further, that the meaning and scope of terms for which European Union law provides no definition must be determined by considering, inter alia, the contest in which they occur and the purposes of the rules of which they form part”. Despite of this clear limit, the decision is positive beyond patent matter. The ethical judgment could not be ignored outside patent field, involving the European research programs too: economic incentives should not be allocated for those researches that destroy human embryos. On the other hand, research on adult human stem cells should be implemented. Finally, after the Treaty of Lisbon, we should consider the possible influence on the European Court of Human Rights.


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