scholarly journals Glycemic control as an important tool in the prevention of cardiovascular aging in patients with diabetes mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
O. A. Shatskaya ◽  
I. Z. Bondarenko ◽  
S. S. Kukharenko
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the development of vascular complications leading to early disability and a decrease in the life expectancy of patients. Aging of the body inevitably leads to the occurrence of age-related diseases, including the cardiovascular system, and increases the risk of death. Metabolic and structural and functional disorders of the cardiovascular system arising in diabetes mellitus have common pathophysiological mechanisms with aging of the body. Chronic hyperglycemia can accelerate the aging process and play a decisive role in the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes mellitus. Achieving target glycemic values is an important step towards preventing vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Improved models of glucometers, equipped with a number of additional functions, allow for structured self-control of glycemia, analyze the data obtained and carry out timely correction of therapy, actively involve patients in the process of diabetes management, which will significantly increase the efficiency of disease management, reduce the risk of complications in patients and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Curcuma Longa Supplementation and Physical Exercise in Patients With Diabetes: Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailton Santos Sena Júnior ◽  
Felipe José Aidar ◽  
Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva ◽  
Fábio Bessa Lima ◽  
Jymmys Lopes dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Electronic Library ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the world and one of its main features is chronic hyperglycemia. Among the therapeutic forms used to control the pathology are pharmacotherapy and the use of other alternatives such as regular exercise, which participates in glycemic control and the ingestion of plant extracts with antioxidant effects in the body. Among the different plants used, curcumin is a possible plant to be used to attenuate the hyperglycemic picture triggered by Diabetes Mellitus. Some studies suggest that this plant is antioxidant and hypoglycemic. The review aimed to know the antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential of curcumin supplementation in DM. The search was performed considering articles published between 2010 to 2019, in English and Portuguese, and a theoretical survey of relevant information was conducted in the main databases of scientific publications: Virtual Health Library and its indexed databases as Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo and Scientific Electronic Library Online. The associated use Turmeric and Physical Exercise demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activity caused by Diabetes Mellitus. We may suggest that these are potential therapeutic ways to improve the quality and survival of diabetic patients.

scholarly journals Some parameters of the oxidative stress in lens, humour aqueous and serum of patients with diabetes and age-related cataract

2003 ◽  
Vol 131 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lepsa Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Contemporary hypothesis considers the oxidative stress as a crucial event in age-related processes in the body, as well as in the age-related cataract formation. The secondary aging factors accelerate ageing processes. One of them is diabetes. With the aim of investigation of the noninsulin-dependent diabetes (Type II) influence on cataract genesis here were analyzed contents of the lipid oxidation products (lipid peroxides - LP) and total sulfhydryle groups (TSH) in the lens? corticonuclear blocks and antioxidative capacity in their humour aqueous expressed as percent of induced malondyaldehyde (% iMDA) in 14 samples obtained from patients with cataract and diabetes mellitus type II (without diabetic complications) and compared to 66 samples of patients with cataract without diabetes, as well as some parameters of the oxidative stress in serums (content of vitamin C, acrobat - A dehydroascorbate - DA and their relation, vitamin E, glutathione - GSH peroxidase - P and catalase - Cat activity, content of malondyaldehyde - MDA and % iMDA) of 27 patients with age-related cataract and diabetes mellitus type II (without complications), and compared to the other 135 age-related cataract patients. Also were analyzed frequencies of the secondary senium diseases in a clinical group of 162 patients with cataract and sex and age matched 55 examined people without cataract, as a control group. Patients with diabetes and cataract have lower values of almost all investigated parameters of antioxidative defense in their serum and higher level of the lipid peroxidation products. Level of glutathione in their serums is significantly lower (p<0.05). Intensity of lipid peroxidation in corticonuclear lens blocks is higher in patients with diabetes, whereas their total sulfhydryle groups and % iMDA in humour aqueous shows lower antioxidant capacity in the same group, probably because of higher intensity of oxidative stress. Also, by investigation of frequencies of the secondary ageing diseases in patients with age-related cataract and age and sex matched control subjects, by a logistic regression was found high odds ratio (2.506) for diabetes. Results confirm hypothesis of the oxidative stress role in the age-related cataract genesis, and especially of patients with diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Effect of Hemodialysis on Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
I. V. Vorobyeva ◽  
A. V. Pinchuk ◽  
E. V. Bulava ◽  
K. E. Lazareva ◽  
N. S. Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Diabetic Vascular Complications ◽  
Filtration Barrier ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
End Stage

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem in both developed and developing countries. It is expected that by 2040 the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the world will increase to 642 million people. With the increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, the incidence of diabetic vascular complications increases, which worsen the quality of life of patients and triple the risk of death. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, leading to progressive loss of visual function. Diabetic retinopathy occurs in conjunction with diabetic nephropathy. This fact is associated with the anatomical similarity of the blood-retinal barrier and the glomerular filtration barrier, as well as with the general pathogenetic mechanisms of the effect of hyperglycemia on peripheral microcirculation. On average, after 10–15 years, patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus develop end-stage renal failure, requiring renal replacement therapy, such as peritoneal dialysis, programmed hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. This article highlights the latest data on the effect of programmed hemodialysis on the morphofunctional state of the retina in patients with diabetes mellitus. 

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus—A Risk Factor for Unfavourable Outcome in COVID-19 Patients—The Experience of an Infectious Diseases Regional Hospital

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 788
Author(s):  
Egidia Miftode ◽  
Larisa Miftode ◽  
Ioana Coman ◽  
Cristian Prepeliuc ◽  
Maria Obreja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Unfavourable Outcome ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Early research into the implications concerning the evolution of the infection caused by the new coronavirus in people with glucose metabolism dysfunction, in this case diabetics, shows that severe forms of the disease predominate in this risk category. Moreover, it seems that even in patients with normal glycaemic status, COVID-19 may predispose to the development of hyperglycaemia which modulates immune mechanisms and inflammatory responses, with direct effects on morbidity and mortality. Thus, taking into account these scientific data, as well as the increased frequency of diabetes in the general population, we aimed to assess the risk of an unfavourable outcome of diabetic patients, which is in a strong connection with the presence and severity of pulmonary disease such as interstitial pneumonia/bronchopneumonia, as well as the effectiveness of Tocilizumab administration. The results of our study indicate a three-fold higher risk of death in patients with diabetes and COVID-19 (RR = 3.03; IC95%: 2.37–3.86; p = 0.001),compared to nondiabetic patients, and the risk of developing severe forms of acute respiratory failure was 1.5 times higher in the first studied category. In conclusion, we can say that the diabetic diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection is more predisposed to immunological and organic dysfunctions that may ultimately result in death, and treatment with monoclonal anti-IL-6 antibodies was more effective in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p < 0.05). The effectiveness of Tocilizumab was significant in both studied groups, but diabetic patients responded better to this therapy compared to non-diabetes-mellitus (DM) ones (76.7% vs. 35% p = 0.001).

scholarly journals A Study to Evaluate the Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
pp. 575-585
Author(s):  
P. Amulya Reddy ◽  
K. Saravanan ◽  
A. Madhukar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the QOL of patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Study Design: This was a prospective, observational study. Duration of Study: The study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2021 in Yashoda Hospital, Hyderabad. Methodology: Patients of either sex with ≥1year history of diabetes willing to give the consent were included in the study. Patients of either sex with <1year history of DM, Pregnant/lactating women and patients not willing to give the consent were excluded from the study. Data on Blood glucose levels (FBS, PPBS) and HbA1C was also obtained and assessed. QOLID questionnaire was administered to the patients and assessed which consisted of a set of 34 items representing 8 domains such as Role limitation due to the physical health, Physical endurance, General health, Treatment satisfaction, Symptom botherness, Financial worries, Mental health, and Diet satisfaction). Results: A total of 200 patients were analysed in the study,108(54%) were males and 92(46%) were females. The average age of the patients was 58.5 years with majority being 51-70years (73.5%) of age. Patients with higher age and females had poor QOL compared to others. The correlation between various categorical variables with that of scores of QOL in various domains was assessed, Age of the patients influenced QOL score in various domains like RLPH (p value-0.038), PE (p value-0.0183), and SB (p value-0.0002), Gender has influenced QOL score in domains like RLPH (p value-0.0008), PE (p value-0.0106), TS (p value-0.0005) and Educational Qualification has influenced QOL score in RLPH (p value-0.0008), GH (p value-<0.0001), TS (p value-<0.0001), E/MH (p value-<0.0001). Conclusion: The results concluded that overall QOL was noticeably low in Diabetic patients especially in Women and elderly thus indicating that Diabetes management is not restricted to treatment but also requires attention on QOL of patients.

scholarly journals THE USE OF A VITAMIN-MINERAL COMPLEX IN THE COMBINED THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH OBESITY AND TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CLINICAL TRIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
I.A. Lapik ◽  
◽  
K.M. Gapparova ◽  
A.V. Galchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Low caloric diet is used in the complex treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity. However, the reduced caloric food can inadvertently lead to decreased intake of micronutrients. The main goal of the research was to assess the necessity and effectiveness of the vitamin-mineral complex in the treatment of type 2 diabetes with obesity. Methods: 80 females suffering from type 2 diabetes and obesity, ranging from 40 to 65 years old participated in the study. The total patients were divided into two groups, each containing 40 patients. All patients were given a personalized diet and 1000mg of metformin every day. The experimental group, besides that, received vitamin-mineral complex. The biochemical analysis of the blood, composition of the body, and the complaint on micronutrient deficiency were taken before the experiment and after 14 days of the therapy. Results: Supplementation of the vitamin-mineral complex was associated with higher blood serum levels of vitamins B6, B12, B9, C, D, potassium, calcium, magnesium and zinc, and lower levels of glucose. Clinical manifestations, associated with micronutrient deficiency, were significantly decreased in patients who were given vitamin-mineral complex. All these changes were valid both in relation to the initial level in the study group and to the indicators after treatment in the control group. Conclusion: Micronutrient supplements may be a very important part of the combined therapy of patients with diabetes mellitus and obesity.

scholarly journals Glycemic Variability and Vascular Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Caprnda ◽  
Dasa Mesarosova ◽  
Pablo Fabuel Ortega ◽  
Boris Krahulec ◽  
Emmanuel Egom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Index Value

AbstractBackground:Presence of macro- and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is not only related to chronic hyperglycemia represented by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) but also to acute glycemic fluctuations (glycemic variability, GV). The association between GV and DM complications is not completely clear. Aim of our study was to evaluate GV by MAGE index in patients with type 2 DM and to verify association of MAGE index with presence of macro- and microvascular DM complications.Methods:99 patients with type 2 DM were included in the study. Every patient had done big glycemic profile, from which MAGE index was calculated. Anthropometric measurements, evaluation of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and assessment for macrovascular (coronary artery disease – CAD; peripheral artery disease – PAD; cerebral stroke – CS) and microvascular (diabetic retinopathy – DR; nephropathy – DN; peripheral neuropathy – DPPN) DM complications were done.Results:Average MAGE index value was 5.15 ± 2.88 mmol/l. We found no significant differences in MAGE index values in subgroups according to presence of neither CAD, CS, PAD nor DR, DN, DPPN. MAGE index value significantly positively correlated with FPG (p < 0.01) and HbA1c (p < 0.001) and negatively with weight (p < 0.05).Conclusion:In our study we failed to show association of MAGE index with presence of macrovascular and microvascular complications in patients with type 2 DM. However, this negative result does not necessarily disprove importance of glycemic variability in pathogenesis of diabetic complications.

Diabetes management in surgery

2011 ◽  
pp. 1905-1908
Author(s):  
Andrew P. Hall ◽  
Melanie J. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Skin Grafting ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Ophthalmic Surgery ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Catabolic State

Diabetes mellitus is a common condition in the general population, and particularly so among hospital inpatients. Complications associated with diabetes mellitus further increase its incidence in surgical patients, particularly those requiring vascular, renal, or ophthalmic procedures. Patients with diabetes have a higher rate of morbidity and mortality associated with surgery. This includes cardiovascular and renal complications, infection, and impaired wound healing. The process of surgery, a controlled form of trauma, provokes a metabolic response due to the release of cytokines and stress-associated hormones. These agents promote a catabolic state that includes increased insulin resistance. The resulting hyperglycaemia leads to overflow of substrates in the mitochondria and the generation of excess free oxygen radicals, which can be toxic to the cell. It should, therefore, be possible to reduce these effects by avoiding or attenuating the stress response and/or counteracting its metabolic effects. The stress response is proportional to the degree of tissue trauma. Insulin administration and normoglycaemia have been shown to reverse catabolic changes and improve wound healing and skin grafting, and also to reduce the incidence of infective complications. Additionally, the stress response may be, in part, attenuated by the choice of anaesthetic technique. Neuraxial (spinal and epidural local anaesthetic) analgesia can reduce sympathetic nervous system tone and adrenal output. Additionally, much ophthalmic surgery is now performed with local anaesthesia techniques. Such approaches avoid the more prolonged starvation and cardiorespiratory risks associated with general anaesthesia.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS OF LIPID LEVELS MAY INDUCE THE INSULIN RESISTANCE IN TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
DIVYA JYOTHI P ◽  
DOONDI PHANI KUMAR N ◽  
VINAY MOHAN A ◽  
RAMYA A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not one disorder; it represents a series of metabolic conditions related to hyperglycemia and caused by defects in hormone secretion and hormone action. Exposure to chronic hyperglycemia may result in microvascular complications in the retina (diabetic retinopathy), kidney (diabetic nephropathy), neuron (diabetic-neuropathy), skin, foot, and cardiac complications (stroke, hypertension…etc.). International Diabetes Federation estimates that 1.1 million children and adolescents aged 14–19 years have type one DM. Without interventions to halt the increase in diabetes, there will be at least 629 million people living with diabetes by 2045. In the body, white adipose tissue is the leading site for the storage of excess energy produced from the food intake in large quantities, of the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 DM by the over intake of fatty acid in the body. It results in the accumulation of fatty acyl co-A (FA-CoA) within the myocytes. It leads to improper signaling of the insulin and reduces the level in the myocytes and pancreases beta cells. It combines with genetically reduces the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) coactivator-1, initiates the inflammation process by the activation of the tumor necrotic factor alpha and protein kinase C. These alterations lead to further increase the intramyocellular FA-CoA and triglycerides. The sequence of events may develop mitochondrial dysfunction in the sarcolemma outer layers. Finally improves IR also with increasing intramyocellular lipids. This concept might be helpful to those who are pursuing endocrinology specialization, nursing staff, pharmacists, and other medical departments.

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