scholarly journals Genetic predictors and pathophysiological features of non-alcoholic fat liver disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
I. E. Kasparova,
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Snp Arrays ◽  
Genetic Predictors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fat Liver ◽  
Personalized Risk

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of liver disease in highly developed countries. The risk of developing NAFLD and associated complications varies greatly among people of different nationalities and is determined by environmental and genetic factors. Genome-wide studies have revealed strong and reproducible associations between gene variations such as PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GCKR, HSD17B1, and NAFLD. In this article, we consider the influence of genes and environmental factors on the pathophysiological features of NAFLD. The use of a sufficient population sample with the analysis of SNP arrays and the use of sequencing methods (exome and genome as a whole) will lead to the discovery of additional genetic variants, will inevitably improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and will allow the development of a technology for personalized risk in assessing the disease in a patient. The aim of our study was to study the genetic predictors of NAFLD based on literature data with the interpretation of the studies. There is now strong evidence that specific variants of genetic risk have a large effect on NAFLD, and their effect is comparable to that of major metabolic risk factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The increased risk extends to the onset and progression of the entire spectrum of NAFLD manifestations, including overall mortality due to liver disease. Currently, individual genetic variants do not allow the creation of a personalized risk profile; therefore, the most expedient approach today is the development of polygenic risk assessments. The number of genetic loci associated with the prevalence and outcome of NAFLD remains limited. The use of a sufficient population sample with the analysis of SNP arrays and the use of sequencing methods (exome and genome as a whole) will lead to the discovery of additional genetic variants and will inevitably improve the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD and will allow the development of a technology for personalized risk in the assessment of the disease.

scholarly journals Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Positively Associated with Increased Glycated Haemoglobin Levels in Subjects without Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Roberta Zupo ◽  
Fabio Castellana ◽  
Francesco Panza ◽  
Marco Castellana ◽  
Luisa Lampignano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Data Matching ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Screening for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is key step for primary management of fatty liver in the clinical setting. Excess weight subjects carry a greater metabolic risk even before exhibiting pathological patterns, including diabetes. We characterized the cross-sectional relationship between routine circulating biomarkers and NAFLD in a large sample of diabetes-free subjects with overweight or obesity, to elucidate any independent relationship. A population sample of 1232 consecutive subjects with a body mass index of at least 25 kg/m2, not receiving any drug or supplemental therapy, was studied. Clinical data and routine biochemistry were analyzed. NAFLD was defined using the validated fatty liver index (FLI), classifying subjects with a score ≥ 60% as at high risk. Due to extreme skewing of variables of interest, resampling matching for age and sex was performed. Our study population was characterized by a majority of females (69.90%) and a prevalence of NAFLD in males (88.90%). As a first step, propensity score matching was explicitly performed to balance the two groups according to the FLI cut-off. Based on the resulting statistical trajectories, corroborated even after data matching, we built two logistic regression models on the matched population (N = 732) to verify any independent association. We found that each unit increase of FT3 implicated a 50% increased risk of NAFLD (OR 1.506, 95%CI 1.064 to 2.131). When including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the model, free-triiodothyronine (FT3) lost significance (OR 1.557, 95%CI 0.784 to 3.089) while each unit increase in HbA1c (%) indicated a significantly greater NAFLD risk, by almost two-fold (OR 2.32, 95%CI 1.193 to 4.512). Glucose metabolism dominates a key pathway along the hazard trajectories of NAFLD, turned out to be key biomarker in monitoring the risk of fatty liver in diabetes-free overweight subjects. Each unit increase in HbA1c (%) indicated a significantly greater NAFLD risk, by almost two-fold, in our study.

Early kidney dysfunction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - is transient elastography useful as a screening method?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Freitas ◽  
Vítor Macedo Silva ◽  
Sofia Xavier ◽  
Joana Magalhes ◽  
Carla Marinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Kidney Dysfunction ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Liver Fibrosis

Introduction: Increasing evidence suggests an association between metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Timely prediction of early kidney dysfunction (EKD) is thus essential in this population, although a screening method is not stablished. We aimed to evaluate the role of transient elastography (TE) in predicting EKD in patients with MAFLD. Methods: Prospective cohort study that included patients with MAFLD scheduled for evaluation, between May/2019 and January/2020. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, and TE parameters were obtained. EKD was defined as microalbuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30-300mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate≥60mL/min/1.73m2. Significant liver fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM)≥8.2kPa. Results: Included 45 patients with MALFD, 53.3% female gender, mean age of 53.5±10.9years. EKD was found in 17.8% of patients. MAFLD patients with EKD were significantly more obese (body mass index≥30) (75.0% vs 32.4%,p=0.045) and had significantly higher LSM (8.5±4.1 vs 5.8±2.2kPa,p=0.01). After adjustment of potential confounders for EKD the presence of liver fibrosis, remained a significant predictor of EKD, being associated with a 14.3-fold increased risk of EKD (p=0.04). The optimal cutoff value of LSM to predict EKD was 6.1kPa (sensitivity:85.7%; specificity:67.6%). Conclusion: Significant liver fibrosis is associated with a significant increased risk of EKD in patients with MAFLD, regardless of other comorbidities. Higher levels of LSM, particularly >6.1kPa, alert for timely identification of EKD and associated comorbidities, as well as their control, in order to prevent the development of CKD in the long term.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the hepatic consequence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernadette Moore
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. As a disease spectrum, NAFLD may progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. An estimated 20–35% of the general population has steatosis, 10% of whom will develop the more progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with markedly increased risk of cardiovascular- and liver-related mortality. Development of NAFLD is strongly linked to components of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. The recognition that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CVD is a major public health concern. There is a great need for a sensitive non-invasive test for the early detection and assessment of the stage of NAFLD that could also be used to monitor response to treatment. The cellular and molecular aetiology of NAFLD is multi-factorial; genetic polymorphisms influencing NAFLD have been identified and nutrition is a modifiable environmental factor influencing NAFLD progression. Weight loss through diet and exercise is the primary recommendation in the clinical management of NAFLD. The application of systems biology to the identification of NAFLD biomarkers and factors involved in NAFLD progression is an area of promising research.

STRUCTURE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME AND NON-ALCOHOLIC FAT LIVER DISEASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
E. V. Kasparov ◽  
I. E. Kasparova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Psychosocial Adaptation ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fat Liver ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The article is devoted to the study of the psychological characteristics of the behavior of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The manifestations of NAFLD are a powerful frustrating factor for patients, negatively affect the quality of life, hinder psychosocial adaptation and serve as the basis for the formation of chronic stress from the disease, which blocks the actual needs of the individual. Psychological factors are an important component in the clinical assessment of patients in connection with the individualization of the treatment process and secondary psychoprophylaxis, including methods of somato-centered and personality-centered psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease is Affected by Genetic Variants Involved in Lifespan/Healthspan

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Crudele ◽  
Serena Dato ◽  
Oriana Lo Re ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Paola Sanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – discussed under the light of Unani medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riyazuddin ◽  
Arisha Shahid
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is one of the diseases that have evolved lately into a major challenge for gastroenterologists. Although, the term NAFLD has not been familiar to the medical world since long, other conditions resembling the presentation of NAFLD have been there since primitive times. It is a reversible condition of the liver, wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulates in liver cells via the process of steatosis, despite any evidence of excessive alcohol consumption. In the developed countries NAFLD is reported to be the most common liver disorder, with a worldwide prevalence of 6–35%, in India its prevalence has been increasing gradually. Unani physicians have described liver as one of the principal organs of the body. It is the primary source of natural faculties, where the functions of digestion, concoction, absorption and excretion are performed, normally temperament of liver is hot and moist which can get converted to cold due to mutable dietary habits, consumption of fatty and cold food in abundance etc. In Unani System of Medicine, NAFLD has not been described as such, but it can be studied under Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid due to correlation of most of the symptoms. Its management mainly consists of elimination of morbid matter which is accumulated in the liver and correction of Su’-i-Mizāj Kabid Bārid by using drugs having opposite temperament (Ilaj bil zid).

Food insecurity and lipid profile abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case-control study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the relation between food insecurity and NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity, risk factors associated with food insecurity, and NAFLD prevalence in a sample of Iranian adults.Methods In this age-matched and gender-matched case–control study, 210 subjects were recruited. NAFLD diagnosis was performed by a single expert radiologist using ultrasonography. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric indices, body composition, along with food insecurity and depression status were assessed. Blood samples were collected to determine the lipid profile parameters. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and uni-and multi-variate logistic regression tests were used. Data were analysed using SPSS V.23.0.Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 56.8% and 26.1% in cases and controls ( P<0.001 ), respectively. According to final analysis model, food insecurity, depression, number of children≥4, overweight, and obesity were identified as significant independent risk factors for NAFLD. The chance of NAFLD in the food insecure, depressed, overweight, and obese subjects was 2.2 (95%CI:1.12-3.43), 1.9 (95%CI:1.02-3.62), 2.6 (95% CI:1.81-3.92), and 2.9 (95%CI:2.02- 5.34) times higher, respectively. Additionally, a higher waist circumference (men, OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.6, P<0.001 ), an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (men, OR = 2.3, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 2.7, P<0.001 ), an increased waist-to-height ratio (OR = 2.9, P<0.001 ), and a higher body fat percentage (men, OR = 3.0, P<0.001 ; women, OR= 3.3, P<0.001 ) were independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The odds of NAFLD increased by increment in serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR = 2.6, P<0.001 ) and decreased by increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR = 0.34, P<0.001 ). Compared to controls, NAFLD patients were more likely to have higher TG/HDL-C ratio (OR = 3.3, P<0.001 ).Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity in patients with NAFLD was significantly higher compared to controls. Food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, NAFLD was significantly related to some indicators of dyslipidemia.

Food insecurity and lipid profile abnormalities are associated with an increased risk of non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a case-control study in northwest of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helda Tutunchi ◽  
Maryam Saghafi-Asl ◽  
Mohammad-Javad Hosseinzadeh Attar ◽  
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi ◽  
Alireza Ostadrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an important public health problem and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the relation between food insecurity and NAFLD. This study aimed to assess the relationship between food insecurity, risk factors associated with food insecurity, and NAFLD prevalence in a sample of Iranian adults.Methods In this age-matched and gender-matched case–control study, 210 subjects were recruited. NAFLD diagnosis was performed by a single expert radiologist using ultrasonography. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric indices, body composition, along with food insecurity and depression status were assessed. Blood samples were collected to determine the lipid profile parameters. Chi-square, independent samples t-test, and uni-and multi-variate logistic regression tests were used. Data were analysed using SPSS V.23.0.Results The prevalence of food insecurity was 56.8% and 26.1% in cases and controls ( P<0.001 ), respectively. According to final analysis model, food insecurity, depression, number of children ≥ 4, overweight, and obesity were identified as significant independent risk factors for NAFLD. The chance of NAFLD in the food insecure, depressed, overweight, and obese subjects was 2.2 (95%CI: 1.12-3.43), 1.9 (95%CI: 1.02-3.62), 2.6 (95%CI: 1.81-3.92), and 2.9 (95%CI: 2.02- 5.34) times higher, respectively. Additionally, a higher waist circumference (men, OR = 2.9, P < 0.001 ; women, OR= 2.6, P< 0.001 ), an elevated waist-to-hip ratio (men, OR=2.3, P<0.001 ; women, OR=2.7, P<0.001 ), an increased waist-to-height ratio (OR=2.9, P<0.001 ), and a higher body fat percentage (men, OR=3.0, P<0.001 ; women, OR=3.3, P<0.001 ) were independently associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. The odds of NAFLD increased by increment in serum triglyceride (TG) levels (OR=2.6, P<0.001 ) and decreased by increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (OR=0.34, P<0.001 ). Compared to controls, NAFLD patients were more likely to have higher TG/HDL-C ratio (OR =3.3, P<0.001 ).Conclusions The prevalence of food insecurity in patients with NAFLD was significantly higher compared to controls. Food insecurity was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Additionally, NAFLD was significantly related to some indicators of dyslipidemia.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Fabrizio Ricci ◽  
Angelo Di Vincenzo ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

New evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a strong multifaceted relationship with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, regardless of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Given the pandemic-level rise of NAFLD—in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome—and its association with poor cardiovascular outcomes, the question of how to manage NAFLD properly, in order to reduce the burden of associated incident cardiovascular events, is both timely and highly relevant. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, and also to discuss possible clinical strategies for cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as the spectrum of available therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and its downstream events.

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