scholarly journals Differentiated approach to the prescription of dexpanthenol drugs in the practice of a pediatrician

2022 ◽  
pp. 212-223
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
T. M. Tvorogova ◽  
I. V. Berezhnaya ◽  
I. I. Pshenichnikova ◽  
Yu. A. Dmitrieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Basic Care ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

The article provides information about the features of the structure, development and differentiated approach to the appointment of dexapanthenol preparations used for the prevention and complex treatment of skin diseases in children of wounded age. Regular use of leave-on cosmetic products including body creams and lotions is very high among children aged 0–4 years. However, in most cases, recommendations for the use of topical baby skin care medicinal products and/or cosmetic products are based not on scientific evidence, but on common sense, expert opinions, advertising, personal preferences of parents, pharmacists, dermatologists and/or pediatricians. For example, adsorbing properties of baby powders are insufficient, and after absorbing moisture, they actually turn to “urine compresses” that aggravate the epidermis injury. After swelling, the starch-containing powders represent an excellent growth media for pathogenic and opportunistic microflora. It is noted that only proper skin care for young children allows you to preserve its integrity and functional state. Special attention is paid to the preparations of the Bepanten® series in the form of cream and ointment, which meet all the criteria for topical products, and can be used for the prevention and treatment of skin diseases in young children, effectively protecting the skin from irritants, promoting its healing and recovery, having an anti-inflammatory effect, increasing its elasticity, elasticity and are recommended for use as a means of basic care. Their effectiveness has been repeatedly confirmed in the numerous domestic and foreign randomized controlled studies in new-born populations at different gestational ages, which provided the scientific justification for their common use in the ‘real-life’ practice of pediatricians, dermatologists and allergists.

scholarly journals Role of emollients in the prevention of skin diseases in young children

2021 ◽  
pp. 158-166
Author(s):  
Olga B. Tamrazova ◽  
Nataliya F. Dubovets ◽  
Anait V. Tamrazova ◽  
Sergey P. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Epidermal Lipids ◽  
Basic Care

Epidermis plays an important role in protecting the body from negative environmental influences. The horny layer plays a special role in carrying out these functions. Skin defense mechanisms are multistage and include 5 protective barriers responsible for maintaining the integrity and performing the main functions of the skin. The first one is a microbial barrier – determined by commensal flora which prevents contamination of pathogenic microorganisms; the second one is a physical barrier preventing mechanical skin damage, penetration of allergens and microorganisms; the third one is a chemical barrier achieved by forming pH and components of natural moisturizing factor as well as epidermal lipids; the fourth one – immune barrier – Langerhans cells, tissue basophils, lymphocytes etc.;the fifth is the neurosensory barrier – numerous nerve endings transmitting signals of skin integrity damage and controlling metabolic processes and homeostasis maintenance. Epidermal barrier of newborns and infants is imperfect and differs in its structure and functional activity from that of adults. Children’s skin is prone to excessive dryness, irritation, allergic reactions and inflammation. For young children, it is very important to minimize the risk of these manifestations. Individual selection and use of emollients in the basic care of infants promotes the functional stability of five protective «frontiers» of the epidermal barrier: prevents skin damage when exposed to unfavorable environmental factors, reduces TEWL, supports the normal microbiome, has antipruritic and anti-inflammatory action. Modern emollients restore the hydrolipidic layer of the epidermis and prevent the development of dermatitis and skin infection in children. An important role when choosing an emollient is played by its texture, which can be represented by a lotion, cream, balm, ointment. Chemically, creams, lotions and balms are emulsions, i.e. they consist of two immiscible components – fat (oil) and water. In this case, one of the components is in the other in the form of tiny droplets. Most skin diseases faced by young children are related to the integrity of the epidermis, which is why daily care should be primarily focused on protecting the skin barrier

Proper skin care of newborns and young children: what the pediatrician needs to know

2015 ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
I.N. Zaharova ◽  
◽  
I.I. Pshenichnikova ◽  
E.B. Machneva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Skin Care

scholarly journals Determination of Ten Corticosteroids in Illegal Cosmetic Products by a Simple, Rapid, and High-Performance LC-MS/MS Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Giaccone ◽  
Giuseppe Polizzotto ◽  
Andrea Macaluso ◽  
Gaetano Cammilleri ◽  
Vincenzo Ferrantelli
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Negative Ionization Mode ◽  
Negative Ionization

The aim of our present work was the development of a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry detection (LC-ESI-MS/MS) for the determination of several corticosteroids in cosmetic products. Corticosteroids are suspected to be illegally added in cosmetic preparations in order to enhance the curative effect against some skin diseases. Sample preparation step consists in a single extraction with acetonitrile followed by centrifugation and filtration. The compounds were separated by reversed-phase chromatography with water and acetonitrile (both with 0.1% formic acid) gradient elution and detected by ESI-MS positive and negative ionization mode. The method was validated at the validation level of 0.1 mg kg−1. Linearity was studied in the 5–250 μg L−1 range and linear coefficients (r2) were all over 0.99. The accuracy and precision of the method were satisfactory. The LOD ranged from 0.085 to 0.109 mg kg−1 and the LOQ from 0.102 to 0.121 mg kg−1. Mean recoveries for all the analytes were within the range 91.9–99.2%. The developed method is sensitive and useful for detection, quantification, and confirmation of these corticosteroids in cosmetic preparations and can be applied in the analysis of the suspected samples under investigation.

Approach to the Management of Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Consensus Document

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 513-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Alavi ◽  
Charles Lynde ◽  
Raed Alhusayen ◽  
Marc Bourcier ◽  
Isabelle Delorme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Consensus Document ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a painful, debilitating, and poorly understood condition, which is suboptimally diagnosed, managed, and treated. Evidence supporting various treatment modalities is sparse. Objectives: To incorporate scientific evidence and expert opinions to develop useful guidance for the evaluation and management of patients with HS. Methods: An expert panel of Canadian dermatologists and surgeons developed statements and recommendations based on available evidence and clinical experience. The statements and recommendations were subjected to analysis and refinement by the panel, and voting was conducted using a modified Delphi technique with a prespecified cutoff agreement of 75%. Results: Ten specific statements and recommendations were accepted by the expert panel. These were grouped into 4 domains: diagnosis and assessment, treatment and management, comorbidities and a multidisciplinary approach, and education. Conclusions: These statements and recommendations will serve to increase awareness of HS and provide a framework for decisions involving diagnosis and management. Evidence suggests that antibacterial and anti–tumour necrosis factor therapies are effective in the treatment of HS. This is supported by the clinical experience of the authors. Further clinical research and the establishment of multidisciplinary management teams will continue to advance management of HS in Canada.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Causing Appearance of Food Hypersensitivity in Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
O. I. Matsyura ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Hypersensitivity ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanisms ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

Food hypersensitivity is a reaction to the food consumed, regardless of the pathogenetic mechanisms that cause the symptoms. It is an actual and controversial problem in pediatric practice. Nowadays there is an active search for the causes of disease progression, a large role is given to the study of genetic and external factors (food, environmental, social). This disease arises many questions due to the similarity of the clinical representation in different kinds of food hypersensitivity and in different pathogenetic mechanisms, which are involved. The purpose of the study is to perform the analysis of factors, which cause appearance of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Materials and methods. A study of the number of children with food intolerance was conducted using a specially compiled questionnaire. Thus, 4,500 questionnaires were distributed in pre-school and medical establishments to question parents. Results and discussion. Analysis of 3,214 questionnaires was conducted, which enabled to obtain information from parents on anamnesis and living conditions of toddlers. Values of 56 factors were analyzed, calculating correlation coefficients with a formation of food hypersensitivity for each of them. Statistical analysis allowed distinguishing 15 signs among these factors, which significantly correlated with the formation of food hypersensitivity in young children. The investigation enabled not only to detect factors that affect formation of food hypersensitivity in young children, but also to suggest a mathematical model of individual calculation of risk factors for this pathology. Data of conducted mathematical analysis can be used for elaboration of a complex of prophylaxis measures on development of food hypersensitivity in toddlers. Conclusion. The formation of hypersensitivity to cow's milk in children is provoked by the presence of contact reactions in the child, adverse reactions after medication, positive family history (bronchial asthma in relatives, skin diseases in parents (father and / or mother)), smoking in the family, living in the city; at the same time, preventive factors are living in an apartment, in a new building, in a dry apartment. The formation of food hypersensitivity in young children is generally provoked by a positive family history (bronchial asthma, hay fever, urticaria, diseases of the stomach and duodenum in relatives, skin diseases in parents), smoking in the family; frequent consumption of food in a mass catering points; living in the city plays a preventive role

scholarly journals African Skin: Different Types, Needs and Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Olumayowa Abimbola Oninla ◽  
Samuel Olorunyomi Oninla ◽  
Bolaji Ibiesa Otike-Odibi ◽  
Mufutau Muphy Oripelaye ◽  
Fatai Olatunde Olanrewaju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Pigmentation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Skin Type ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Right

Microscopic structures in the skin are basically the same in all races. Differences are found in histology and physiology of the skin resulting in different skin types, needs and prevailing skin diseases. Skin pigmentation (with the photo-protective properties), and the barrier function of the stratum corneum are the main differences between African and Caucasian skin. The geographic distribution of UV radiation (UVR) has a positive correlation with geographical location. The darker-skinned populations are closer to the equator where there are high amounts of UVR especially in the tropical regions of the world. African skin has the greatest variability in skin color. Africa has both white and dark skinned individuals with the darker-skinned populations being mostly around the equator.          Leslie Baumann introduced four parameters that more accurately characterized skin types than previous classification of dry, oily, normal and combination skin. These are dry or oily – D/O; sensitive or resistant – S/R; pigmented or non-pigmented – P/N, and wrinkled or unwrinkled skin – W/T. Combinations of these further produced sixteen skin phenotypes.  Dark skinned individuals often have the PT types while the light skinned mostly have the NW types. Skin needs basically depends on the type. Identifying the skin type is fundamental to providing the right skin care. According to Baumann, the fundamental elements of skin care are mild cleansing, hydrating (moisturization with humectants and emollients), replenishing (with lipids, ceramides and fatty acids) and skin protection (UV protection and increased humidity). Skin diseases are associated with skin type. Eczema is more typical in people with DS combinations while acne is associated with OS skin type (especially OSNT and OSPT). Prevalence of skin diseases varies within African communities from 35% to 87% with skin infections affecting 22-46% and eczemas 13-21% of patients in various studies.

Dental care of patients scheduled for cardiovascular surgery: which protocols to follow?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Farhan Raza Khan ◽  
Humayun Kaleem Siddiqui ◽  
Muhammad Tariq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Cardiovascular Surgery ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cardiac Operation ◽  
Valvular Surgery ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Life Challenges ◽  
Cardiac Operations

Abstract Dental extraction of abscessed or infected teeth before cardiac operation is frequently advocated to lower the risk of infections especially infective endocarditis. The scientific evidence that supports dental procedures before cardio-valvular surgery is however limited. The aim of the present paper was to explore whether there are any protocols for patients needing dental treatment before cardiac operations. Moreover, we have discussed the real life challenges encountered in the management of such patients. Continuous....

Night Breast-Feeding and Dental Caries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 701-701
Author(s):  
Louis M. Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
At Will

It is of concern to some dentists and pediatricians lately that at-will nocturnal infant breast-feeding has been implicated as a cause of a dental caries pattern1,2 similar to "nursing bottle" caries.3 I submit that not a shred of valid scientific evidence exists supporting the contention that the practice of nighttime, at-will breast-feeding promotes dental caries in young children. Studies examining the incidence of dental caries in primitive cultures, where demand breast-feeding including at-will nighttime nursing is the norm4 and children are not usually weaned until 18 months to 3 years, continually report extremely low caries rates among the children.5-7

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