scholarly journals Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kołacz ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński ◽  
Przemysław Cwynar ◽  
Sebastian Opaliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Copper Industry ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of selected blood parameters of dairy cattle in an area with copper industry (LGOM, area I, n = 21) and the Wroclaw agricultural suburban area (area II, n = 20). The concentration of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (atomic absorption spectrometry method) and Hg (spectrometric method) was analysed in full blood. However, other parameters were determined in the blood serum: Ca, P (inorganic), Mg and Fe (photometric method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – an enzyme test in accordance with the recommendations of the IFCC, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – the test optimized according to the guidelines DGKC, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) – kinetic photometric test. Biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined with the use of an automatic biochemical analyser type Pentra 400 and reagents of Horiba ABX (France). Furthermore, the analysis covered: the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) – colorimetric assay based on the ABTS and peroxidase reaction as well as the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) – colorimetric test based on the reduction of glutathione (GSSG) in the presence of NADPH. These parameters were determined with the use of the same analyser and commercial assays kit of Randox company. The Cd concentration in both areas was very low and did not exceed 1.65 µg/l, while the Pb concentration in the LGOM region was 0.021 mg/l and 0.031 mg/l in area II. The level of mercury in area I in both regions was similar (about 0.03 µg/l). The copper content was significantly higher in area I than in region II (1.67 mgl/l and 0.72 mg/l respectively), which indicates the possibility of industry impact on copper accumulation in cows. The Zn concentration was significantly lower in the LGOM region than in area II (2.50 mg/l) in contrast to Cu. The AST activity was significantly lower in area I (66.56 U/l) than in area II (75.49 U/l). Similar findings were reported with GGT activity (lower concentration in area I – 21.42 U/l). The LDH levels in animals were similar in both areas (2015.0 and 1976.2 U/l respectively), as were TAS (1.12 and 1.16 mmol/l) and GR (422.4 and 429.3 U/l). Mean activity of AST and GGT in cows were present in both areas, reaching ranges of the reference values, but the activity of LDH was significantly higher. There are no reference values for TAS and GR. Similar concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were noticed in both regions during the study, while the content of P was significantly higher in area I. The mean concentration of detected macroelements were in the reference ranges. The analysis proved that the cooper industry does not negatively affect the content of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows.

scholarly journals Clinical-biochemical status of hens due to changes of battery cages height location

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
M. I. Sakhatsky ◽  
Yu. V. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

In the conditions of industrial poultry farming, the body of hens is constantly exposed to numerous technological stressors, the least studied of which are long-term ones, that can provoke chronic stress. One such technological stressor is an increase in the level of cage equipment, which is used by producers to obtain a larger amount of products from 1 m2 of poultry area. The aim of this work was to study the physiological state of the hen’s body based on the clinical biochemical analysis of their blood serum, depending on the battery cages height. In the conditions of a modern complex for the production of edible eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2 915 m2, 4 groups of hens were formed, each of them was kept on a separate floor-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Each floor was equipped with «Big Dutchman» 3-tier battery cages. Battery cages of each floor were separated from each other by a lattice floor so that cages of 1–3 tiers entered up to the 1st floor, 4–6 tiers – up to the 2nd, 7–9 tiers – up to the 3rd, and 10–12 tiers – up to 4th floor of cage equipment. Biochemical parameters and activity of hens blood serum enzymes were determined on a BioChem FC-360 biochemical analyzer. For this, 30 blood samples with a volume of 1.0–1.5 ml were taken from axillary veins of laying hens in each group at the age of 18 weeks (at the beginning of the study) and at 52 weeks. It was found that increasing the layering of cage equipment does not have a negative impact on the hen’s body. So, for keeping hens in cages of multi-tier battery cages located on floors 2–4 (4–12 tiers), the biochemical status and activity of their blood serum enzymes were within the physiological norm. Whereas, for hens kept in battery cages of the a multi-tiered system on the 1st floor there was an increase in glucose levels of 60.5–71.0%, creatinine – by 9.7–12.3%, phosphorus – 82.6–100.0%, was observed a decrease in calcium to phosphorus ratio 46.7–50.0%, which was confirmed by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 22.3–27.0%, as well as an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase by 3.2–13.8%, lactate dehydrogenase - by 48.5–65.1% and gamma-glutamyl transferase – by 16.4–20.6%. It has been proven that the main consequences of chronic stress caused by keeping hens in the lower floor cells of the multi-tiered battery cage are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their serum, namely increased glucose, creatinine, enzyme activity and violation of calcium to phosphorus ratio.

scholarly journals Measurement of Selected Renal Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Adult Donkeys Considering the Influence of Gender, Age and Blood Freezing

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Kaja Frączkowska ◽  
Zuzanna Trzebuniak ◽  
Agnieszka Żak ◽  
Natalia Siwińska
Keyword(s):  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The reference values of the serum and urine biochemical parameters have not been well-studied in donkeys. This study aimed to assess the normal values of the selected renal biomarkers, such as: serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin, total protein (TP), electrolytes and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), urine protein concentration (UPC), urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR), the urine gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGTP)-to-creatinine ratio, serum creatinine-to-urine creatinine ratio (sCr/uCr), serum BUN-to-serum creatinine ratio (sBUN/sCr) and UPC-to-TP ratio, as well as the fractional electrolyte excretion of sodium (FENa) and potassium (FEK) in donkeys. The effects of age, gender and deep freezing of the serum material were investigated. Sixty-five healthy adult donkeys were involved in this study. The results showed higher BUN and TP values and lower albumin, UPCR, FENa and FEK levels in donkeys when compared to the reference values in horses. A significant gender relationship for creatinine and BUN was found. Age influenced the values of albumin, TP, potassium and chlorine. Potassium, sodium and SDMA did not show significant concentration changes after freezing. The study results demonstrated that horse reference range values for some parameters cannot be applied to donkey samples. Only a few of the serum parameters were not affected by freezing, and this should be taken into account when storing biological materials.

scholarly journals Relationship between certain serum biochemical values and serostatus against Anaplasma marginale in dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1858-1861
Author(s):  
Myassar O. Alekish ◽  
Zuhair Bani Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Anaplasma Marginale ◽  
Fatty Degeneration ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the possible association between values of certain serum biochemical parameters and seropositivity against Anaplasma marginale in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 60 seropositive and 40 seronegative cows were used to determine the values of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) using commercially available kits and reagents. The serostatus of cows against A. marginale was determined using a commercially available cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Significant differences in serum biochemical values between seropositive and seronegative groups were evaluated using independent Student's t-test. Possible associations between the serostatus of the cows and different biochemical parameters were evaluated using univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: There was a statistically significant increase (p≤0.05) in values of total protein, BHB, LDH, and AST in seropositive cows compared to seronegative cows while a non-significant increase in values of ALP, ALT, and GGT was detected in seropositive cows. A strong correlation (R=0.69) between serum levels of BHB, LDH, and AST and seropositivity against A. marginale was detected. Conclusion: There is evidence of a possible association between A. marginale infection and liver damage/hepatic fatty degeneration in dairy cows. Further studies, however, are required to elucidate the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of this relationship.

ESTABLISHING IN-HOUSE REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR DOGS IN VETERINARY CLINICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Shang-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Li-Wen Chang ◽  
Tsun-Li Cheng ◽  
Chen-Jou Lin ◽  
Wen-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
American Society ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Reference interval (RIs) were critical to the identification of illness. However, RIs set in one laboratory may not be appropriate for another because of biological, geographical and instrumental factors. Interpretation of clinical data using inappropriate RIs may cause misclassification of results and misdiagnosis that lead to improper treatment. RIs in Taiwan have been mostly referencing from foreign resources, it is desirable to establish one that is closer to the overall conditions in Taiwan (such as breed, climate, diseases, etc.) and to investigate its differences to foreign RIs. The present study used the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines to establish in-house RIs for hematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters using dogs in middle Taiwan. The results were also compared to two foreign and one local RIs. The results suggested that the hematological RIs are more comparable to foreign RIs than the biochemical and hemostatic parameters. Differences were found for biochemical parameters including gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, uric acid, bile acid, bilirubin and magnesium; and coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin. In all, 18% (7/40) of the all tested parameters were different from the local RI while 38% (18/48) and 41% (19/46) of the parameters were different from the two foreign RIs. The differences in more than 30% RIs and better similarities to local RIs underscore the importance of having own RIs if possible.

scholarly journals Comparison of adiponectin levels and some metabolic parameters in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 6047-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
GULSAH AKGUL ◽  
ZAFER MECITOGLU ◽  
DUYGU UDUM KUCUKSEN ◽  
SEZGIN SENTURK
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Subclinical Ketosis ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of the presented study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, albumin, Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), calcium, phosphorus and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) levels in healthy cows and cows suffering clinical or subclinical ketosis in the early postpartum period. A total of 45 Holstein-Fresian dairy cows, consisting of 15 with clinical ketosis, 15 with subclinical ketosis and 15 healthy controls, was used in the study. Selection of animals was based on blood BHBA levels and urine ketone strip results on day 7 after parturition. Blood adiponectin, NEFA, glucose, albumin, GGT, calcium, phosphorus and BUN were also measured on day 7 postpartum. Adiponectin levels were significantly lower in both Clinical Ketosis and Subclinical Ketosis groups compared to the control group. NEFA levels were higher and glucose and calcium levels were lower in both ketosis groups when compared to the control animals. On the other hand, blood albumin, GGT, phosphorus and BUN levels did not differ among study groups. Based on the results of the study, it can be stated that adiponectin may play a role in the pathogenesis of ketosis. This role could be lower milk yield and better energy balance in early postpartum dairy cows with high adiponectin levels due to increased whole body tissue insulin sensitivity..

scholarly journals Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Karla Klobučar ◽  
Zoran Vrbanac ◽  
Jelena Gotić ◽  
Krunoslav Bojanić ◽  
Tomislav Bureš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.

scholarly journals Biochemical effects induced by deoxynivalenol intoxication in piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dinischiotu ◽  
D. Dinu ◽  
M. Rebedea ◽  
G. Stoian ◽  
I. Taranu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Aspartate Transferase ◽  
Sera Samples

Thirty-5 weeks-old pigs were fed corn-soybean diets containing 0.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm. deoxynivalenol. Sera samples were collected from ten piglets in each group at the end of 35 days of the trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. Highly significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed for serum urea and gamma glutamyl transferase between control and mycotoxin treated groups. Mycotoxin treated groups did not reveal any significant difference for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transferase and alanine transferase.

scholarly journals White blood cell counts, CRP, GGT and LDH in the elderly German population

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Gabriele Röhrig ◽  
Ingrid Becker ◽  
Anna Hagemeier ◽  
Kai Gutensohn ◽  
Thomas Nebe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
German Population ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract Background Hematological abnormalities are frequently found in geriatric patients. However, little data is available on reference values for total blood cell counts in older patients. This study is focused on the analysis of reference values for white blood cell counts in aged persons ≥60 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of outpatient laboratory data of 2015 from a German countrywide working laboratory company; inclusion criteria: age ≥60 years, parameters evaluated by the laboratory company between 1.1.2015 and 31.12.2015; exclusion criteria: glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min, lack of inclusion criteria; primary objective: mean leukocyte count; secondary objective: mean counts of lymphocytes, eosinophil, neutrophil and basophil leukocytes as well as platelets, C-reactive protein (CRP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in hematologically healthy persons aged ≥60 years. Results Data of 30,611 persons aged ≥60 years were evaluated by age groups. Results for leukocytes, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and lymphocytes remained within the reference ranges recommended by the German Society of Hematology and Oncology (DGHO) and the German Association of Specialists in Internal Medicine (BDI); the lower reference limit for normal platelet values in males was below the DGHO reference value with 136,000/μL (confidence interval [CI] 129,000;142,000); similarly, our results for normal monocyte values were above the DGHO reference values with 6.0% (5.7;6.2) to 14.3% (13.9;14.8) in males and 5.4% (5.2;5.6) to 12.9% (12.6;13.4) in females; CRP, GGT and LDH values were above the BDI reference values, comparable with the previous data of a senior patient cohort analysis. Conclusions Adaptation of reference values for selected laboratory parameters in older German patients should be well considered.

scholarly journals The effect of synbiotics supplement on alcohol use disorders identification test and biochemical parameters, gamma glutamyl transferase, lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin a levels, in high risk alcoholics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vachrintr Sirisapsombat ◽  
Parama Pratummas ◽  
Phuttharaksa Phucharoen ◽  
Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Alcohol consumption does not result in dependence or abuse among most people. Nevertheless, a significant group of the population as a whole unavoidably is troubled by chronic alcoholism.Alcohol is involved in a number of diseases, disorders, and injuries, and several social problems. Aims and Objective: To investigate the possible effects of synbiotics supplement affecting to gut-brain axis in high risk alcohol drinkers through alterations between improving of gut related parameters and changes of alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Materials and Methods: Single group, pre- and post-test study. Participants: 24 male patients, alcohol use disorders identification test at 8 or above. Exclusions included clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorder, use of drugs other than alcohol, pregnancy and lactation, use of antibiotics and herbs during the course of study. Intervention: Synbiotics containing probiotics 7 species and prebiotic 3 types once a day before bedtime for 8 weeks. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome- the efficacy of synbiotics supplement improving subjective AUDIT score. Secondary outcome- changes on gut related biochemical parameters (lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin A levels). Results: Twenty high risk alcoholic subjects (with an average age of 46.14 ± 18.34 years) were supplemented with synbiotics contained 25 billion cells of probiotics per day for 8 weeks. After the end of intervention, there was significantly improved total AUDIT score (p=0.001). The changes in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin A level was calculated. GGT (from 90.62 ± 56.65 U/l to 67.67 ± 57.00 U/l), lipopolysaccharide (from 23.19 ± 9.57 to 16.67 ± 4.52 mg/ml) and immunoglobulin A (from 377.13 ± 229.88 to 484.16 ± 290.98 ng/ml) levels were significantly changed when compared to the baseline value. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that the consumption of synbiotics significantly improved subjective and objective parameters in high risk alcoholic patients, and further studies are mandatory to reveal the effects of synbiotics on gut health link to central neurological system.

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