scholarly journals Clinical-biochemical status of hens due to changes of battery cages height location

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
M. I. Sakhatsky ◽  
Yu. V. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Serum Enzymes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Battery Cages ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

In the conditions of industrial poultry farming, the body of hens is constantly exposed to numerous technological stressors, the least studied of which are long-term ones, that can provoke chronic stress. One such technological stressor is an increase in the level of cage equipment, which is used by producers to obtain a larger amount of products from 1 m2 of poultry area. The aim of this work was to study the physiological state of the hen’s body based on the clinical biochemical analysis of their blood serum, depending on the battery cages height. In the conditions of a modern complex for the production of edible eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2 915 m2, 4 groups of hens were formed, each of them was kept on a separate floor-analogue in terms of area and cage equipment. Each floor was equipped with «Big Dutchman» 3-tier battery cages. Battery cages of each floor were separated from each other by a lattice floor so that cages of 1–3 tiers entered up to the 1st floor, 4–6 tiers – up to the 2nd, 7–9 tiers – up to the 3rd, and 10–12 tiers – up to 4th floor of cage equipment. Biochemical parameters and activity of hens blood serum enzymes were determined on a BioChem FC-360 biochemical analyzer. For this, 30 blood samples with a volume of 1.0–1.5 ml were taken from axillary veins of laying hens in each group at the age of 18 weeks (at the beginning of the study) and at 52 weeks. It was found that increasing the layering of cage equipment does not have a negative impact on the hen’s body. So, for keeping hens in cages of multi-tier battery cages located on floors 2–4 (4–12 tiers), the biochemical status and activity of their blood serum enzymes were within the physiological norm. Whereas, for hens kept in battery cages of the a multi-tiered system on the 1st floor there was an increase in glucose levels of 60.5–71.0%, creatinine – by 9.7–12.3%, phosphorus – 82.6–100.0%, was observed a decrease in calcium to phosphorus ratio 46.7–50.0%, which was confirmed by an increase in the activity of alkaline phosphatase by 22.3–27.0%, as well as an increase in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase by 3.2–13.8%, lactate dehydrogenase - by 48.5–65.1% and gamma-glutamyl transferase – by 16.4–20.6%. It has been proven that the main consequences of chronic stress caused by keeping hens in the lower floor cells of the multi-tiered battery cage are reflected in the biochemical parameters of their serum, namely increased glucose, creatinine, enzyme activity and violation of calcium to phosphorus ratio.

scholarly journals Impact of the copper industry on the content of selected heavy metals and biochemical indicators in the blood of dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Kołacz ◽  
Zbigniew Dobrzański ◽  
Robert Kupczyński ◽  
Przemysław Cwynar ◽  
Sebastian Opaliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Copper Industry ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The aim of the study was to compare the levels of selected blood parameters of dairy cattle in an area with copper industry (LGOM, area I, n = 21) and the Wroclaw agricultural suburban area (area II, n = 20). The concentration of heavy metals Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn (atomic absorption spectrometry method) and Hg (spectrometric method) was analysed in full blood. However, other parameters were determined in the blood serum: Ca, P (inorganic), Mg and Fe (photometric method), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) – an enzyme test in accordance with the recommendations of the IFCC, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) – the test optimized according to the guidelines DGKC, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) – kinetic photometric test. Biochemical parameters in blood serum were determined with the use of an automatic biochemical analyser type Pentra 400 and reagents of Horiba ABX (France). Furthermore, the analysis covered: the total antioxidant capacity (TAS) – colorimetric assay based on the ABTS and peroxidase reaction as well as the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) – colorimetric test based on the reduction of glutathione (GSSG) in the presence of NADPH. These parameters were determined with the use of the same analyser and commercial assays kit of Randox company. The Cd concentration in both areas was very low and did not exceed 1.65 µg/l, while the Pb concentration in the LGOM region was 0.021 mg/l and 0.031 mg/l in area II. The level of mercury in area I in both regions was similar (about 0.03 µg/l). The copper content was significantly higher in area I than in region II (1.67 mgl/l and 0.72 mg/l respectively), which indicates the possibility of industry impact on copper accumulation in cows. The Zn concentration was significantly lower in the LGOM region than in area II (2.50 mg/l) in contrast to Cu. The AST activity was significantly lower in area I (66.56 U/l) than in area II (75.49 U/l). Similar findings were reported with GGT activity (lower concentration in area I – 21.42 U/l). The LDH levels in animals were similar in both areas (2015.0 and 1976.2 U/l respectively), as were TAS (1.12 and 1.16 mmol/l) and GR (422.4 and 429.3 U/l). Mean activity of AST and GGT in cows were present in both areas, reaching ranges of the reference values, but the activity of LDH was significantly higher. There are no reference values for TAS and GR. Similar concentrations of Ca, Mg and Fe were noticed in both regions during the study, while the content of P was significantly higher in area I. The mean concentration of detected macroelements were in the reference ranges. The analysis proved that the cooper industry does not negatively affect the content of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows.

ESTABLISHING IN-HOUSE REFERENCE INTERVALS FOR DOGS IN VETERINARY CLINICS

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Shang-Hsiu Chung ◽  
Li-Wen Chang ◽  
Tsun-Li Cheng ◽  
Chen-Jou Lin ◽  
Wen-Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
American Society ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Reference interval (RIs) were critical to the identification of illness. However, RIs set in one laboratory may not be appropriate for another because of biological, geographical and instrumental factors. Interpretation of clinical data using inappropriate RIs may cause misclassification of results and misdiagnosis that lead to improper treatment. RIs in Taiwan have been mostly referencing from foreign resources, it is desirable to establish one that is closer to the overall conditions in Taiwan (such as breed, climate, diseases, etc.) and to investigate its differences to foreign RIs. The present study used the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (ASVCP) guidelines to establish in-house RIs for hematological, biochemical and coagulation parameters using dogs in middle Taiwan. The results were also compared to two foreign and one local RIs. The results suggested that the hematological RIs are more comparable to foreign RIs than the biochemical and hemostatic parameters. Differences were found for biochemical parameters including gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipase, uric acid, bile acid, bilirubin and magnesium; and coagulation parameters including prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin. In all, 18% (7/40) of the all tested parameters were different from the local RI while 38% (18/48) and 41% (19/46) of the parameters were different from the two foreign RIs. The differences in more than 30% RIs and better similarities to local RIs underscore the importance of having own RIs if possible.

scholarly journals Feline obesity: risk factors and clinical and metabolic findings

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 3305-3320
Author(s):  
Camila Moura de Lima ◽  
◽  
Gustavo Antônio Boff ◽  
Sergiane Baes Pereira ◽  
Alexsander Ferraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Excess body fat can cause a series of metabolic and mechanical effects on the body. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the clinical, metabolic, and risk factors of overweight (OW) cats. For the acceptance of participation in the research, the tutors were asked to answer a questionnaire containing 34 questions and to point out the body condition score (BCS) on a sheet containing nine images of different scores (1 to 9 on a 9-point scale). Thereafter, the body evaluations were performed as a classification of the BCS on a scale from 1 to 9, with an ideal score (IS) of BCS 5 and OW for BCS > 5. Further, the lean mass index and morphometric measurements (thoracic and abdominal circumferences and height and length of the patella to calcaneal tuberosity) were performed to estimate the percentage of body fat. Systolic blood pressure was measured using the non-invasive Doppler method and blood was collected for hemogram and serum biochemistry (creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol). After these analyses, we sought to guide and raise the awareness of the tutors to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management of the animals. Thirty adult cats were divided into two groups, based on the classification of the BCS, with eight having an IS and 22 being OW. The OW group was found to have a low level of physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, and higher values of body characteristics. Additionally, there was a median agreement between the perceptions of the clinician and the tutors. Therefore, it was concluded that the main laboratory alteration found in the obese cats was hypercholesterolemia, which was a critical parameter. It was observed that a low degree of physical activity could cause excess weight gain. It was found that the guardians of the cats with ideal weight underestimated the BCS, which could contribute to the supply of excess food and consequently, obesity. Thus, this study was sought to guide and raise the awareness of tutors, to promote the correct nutritional and environmental management thereby providing welfare and quality of life to the animals.

scholarly journals Changes in biochemical parameters in horses during 40 km and 80 km endurance races

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Karla Klobučar ◽  
Zoran Vrbanac ◽  
Jelena Gotić ◽  
Krunoslav Bojanić ◽  
Tomislav Bureš ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Electrolyte Loss ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Abstract During intensive physical activity horses are exposed to thermolysis, electrolyte loss and rising amounts of catabolic products, which results in alterations of biochemical blood parameters due to the horse’s adaptation to metabolic stress. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of intensive physical activity on serum biochemical parameters in horses competing in 40 and 80 km endurance races. Blood samples were taken from 28 horses before and after the race over four competitions, with a total of 53 samples analyzed. Biochemical parameters studied included creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The extent of change in pre- and post-race values was compared between categories of age, gender, breed, distance and average speed of horses. Creatine kinase and blood glucose values prior to the race were higher than the reference values. Values of renal parameters and parameters of muscle damage increased after the races, and the degree of change was more pronounced at longer racing lengths, as well as at lower average speed. Electrolyte loss was more prominent during longer races. This study demonstrated that endurance races cause evident changes in serum electrolyte concentrations, renal parameters and markers of muscle damage in horses. These changes are observable in horses at both short and long duration endurance races.

scholarly journals Dynamics of connective tissue metabolites in the blood of rats of different age under hypokinesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
D. Morozenko ◽  
F. Leontieva ◽  
K. Gliebova
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfates

Topicality. Hypokinesia is a condition of insufficient motor activity of the body with limited pace and volume of movement, and is currently the fourth leading cause of endemic death in the world. It is known that hypokinesia can affect the metabolism of components of bone and cartilage, which is the basis for the development of pathological processes, but there are no biochemical markers of this process in the literature. Thus, currently, there is insufficient number of experimental scientific works devoted to the study of biochemical parameters characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the experiment to assess the impact of hypokinesia on the body, and this fact determines the relevance of the study. Aim. To study the dynamics of the main metabolites characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the blood serum in hypokinesia in rats of different ages. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 42 white male rats aged 3 and 12 months, kept in the vivarium of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv. The conditions of hypokinesia were reproduced using a specially designed device that limited the mobility of the animal without disturbing the ventilation of the body. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation in Day 7 and 30 of immobilization under thiopental anesthesia. The content of sialic acids in the serum was determined by the Hess method, chondroitin sulfate – by Nemeth-Csoka method modified by L. I. Slutsky, the fractional composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) – by the reaction with resoquine. Results and discussion. In the study of the rat serum, it was found that in intact animals of 3 and 12 months of age the content of sialic acids was different; it was 2.94 ± 0.16 and 1.98 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively. After 7 days of hypokinesia, their concentration in young animals did not change, but in older animals, this figure increased. By Day 30, the serum sialic acid levels suddenly increased compared to intact animals. In animals of 12 months of age, the concentration of sialic acids in the blood serum increased by both Day 7 and Day 30 of hypokinesia, especially at the end of the experiment. Hypokinesia also showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of chondroitin sulfates on Day 7 of the experiment in animals of both age groups. At the same time, the level of these metabolites on Day 30 was at the same level. In young rats on Day 7 the fraction of GAG remained unchanged, but on Day 30 there was a significant decrease. During this period, the second fraction of GAG increased. In animals aged 12 months on Day 7 and 30, the content of most GAG fractions was lower than the values characterizing the fractional composition of GAG in intact rats. Conclusions. Thus, the determination of sialic acids, GAG fractions and chondroitin sulfates in the serum can be presented as a set of biochemical tests to assess disorders of the connective tissue metabolism while limiting the motor activity of the body. It has been found that the 30-day hypokinesia causes significant disorders of the connective tissue, and it is reflected in changes in the biochemical parameters of the serum of experimental rats.

scholarly journals Hepatotoxic Assessment of Tramadol-Diclofenac Use: A Study in a Rat Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Elias Adikwu ◽  
Ebinyo Clemente Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Hepatotoxic Effect ◽  
Hepatocyte Necrosis ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

The concurrent use of tramadol and diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk due to their individual hepatotoxic effects. This study assessed the hepatotoxic effect of tramadol-diclofenac administration in albino rats. Twenty-four adult male albino rats (200-220g) randomized into four groups were orally administered with tramadol (12mg/kg/day), diclofenac (6mg/kg/day) and tramadol-diclofenac for 14 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected and evaluated for serum liver function and lipid parameters. Liver samples were weighed and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology. The effects of tramadol-diclofenac on the body and liver weights did not differ significantly (p>0.05) when compared to control. Also, effects were not significant (p>0.05) on blood glucose, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared to control. Liver and serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma–glutamyl transferase, conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin increased significantly in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Furthermore, significant decreases in liver catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels occurred in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Hepatocyte necrosis was observed in rats treated with tramadol-diclofenac. Tramadol-diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk at doses used for this study.

scholarly journals Biochemical effects induced by deoxynivalenol intoxication in piglets

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dinischiotu ◽  
D. Dinu ◽  
M. Rebedea ◽  
G. Stoian ◽  
I. Taranu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Aspartate Transferase ◽  
Sera Samples

Thirty-5 weeks-old pigs were fed corn-soybean diets containing 0.5 ppm and 1.5 ppm. deoxynivalenol. Sera samples were collected from ten piglets in each group at the end of 35 days of the trial to study the effect of certain serum biochemical parameters. Highly significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed for serum urea and gamma glutamyl transferase between control and mycotoxin treated groups. Mycotoxin treated groups did not reveal any significant difference for serum total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate transferase and alanine transferase.

scholarly journals The effect of synbiotics supplement on alcohol use disorders identification test and biochemical parameters, gamma glutamyl transferase, lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin a levels, in high risk alcoholics

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vachrintr Sirisapsombat ◽  
Parama Pratummas ◽  
Phuttharaksa Phucharoen ◽  
Thamthiwat Nararatwanchai ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Audit Score ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Alcohol consumption does not result in dependence or abuse among most people. Nevertheless, a significant group of the population as a whole unavoidably is troubled by chronic alcoholism.Alcohol is involved in a number of diseases, disorders, and injuries, and several social problems. Aims and Objective: To investigate the possible effects of synbiotics supplement affecting to gut-brain axis in high risk alcohol drinkers through alterations between improving of gut related parameters and changes of alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT). Materials and Methods: Single group, pre- and post-test study. Participants: 24 male patients, alcohol use disorders identification test at 8 or above. Exclusions included clinical diagnosis of cirrhosis, immunodeficiency, autoimmune disorder, use of drugs other than alcohol, pregnancy and lactation, use of antibiotics and herbs during the course of study. Intervention: Synbiotics containing probiotics 7 species and prebiotic 3 types once a day before bedtime for 8 weeks. Main outcome measures: Primary outcome- the efficacy of synbiotics supplement improving subjective AUDIT score. Secondary outcome- changes on gut related biochemical parameters (lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin A levels). Results: Twenty high risk alcoholic subjects (with an average age of 46.14 ± 18.34 years) were supplemented with synbiotics contained 25 billion cells of probiotics per day for 8 weeks. After the end of intervention, there was significantly improved total AUDIT score (p=0.001). The changes in gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), lipopolysaccharide and immunoglobulin A level was calculated. GGT (from 90.62 ± 56.65 U/l to 67.67 ± 57.00 U/l), lipopolysaccharide (from 23.19 ± 9.57 to 16.67 ± 4.52 mg/ml) and immunoglobulin A (from 377.13 ± 229.88 to 484.16 ± 290.98 ng/ml) levels were significantly changed when compared to the baseline value. Conclusion: The results of the current study suggested that the consumption of synbiotics significantly improved subjective and objective parameters in high risk alcoholic patients, and further studies are mandatory to reveal the effects of synbiotics on gut health link to central neurological system.

METABOLIC STATUS OF THE ORGANISM OF BULLS-PRODUCERS OF DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.В. БОГОЛЮБОВА ◽  
Р.А. РЫКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Biochemical Status ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Blood Biochemical Indicators

Изучили биохимический статус организма быков-производителей голштинской (n=8) и симментальской (n=8) пород в сравнительном аспекте. Проанализированы пробы сыворотки крови быков-производителей, содержащихся в условиях племпредприятия Московской области. В образцах крови определяли показатели азотистого, углеводно-липидного, минерального обменов, активность ферментов. Содержание общего белка и его фракций, мочевины, а также соотношение альбуминов и глобулинов были примерно на одном уровне независимо от генотипа животных. В крови быков симментальской породы, по сравнению с аналогами голштинской породы, была выше концентрация креатинина на 19,9% (P<0,05), уровень фосфолипидов — на 16%, холестерин — на 46,5% (P<0,05). Концентрация фосфора в сыворотке крови симментальских быков составляла 2,52 мМ/л, что на 30,5% больше, чем у голштинов (P<0,05). Отношение кальция к фосфору в организме симментальских быков равнялось 1,04 против 1,40 ед. в группе голшинских быков. Полученные данные указывают на различия в протекании азотистого, углеводно-липидного и минерального обменов в организме животных мясо-молочного и молочного направлений продуктивности и помогут в разработке эталонных значений биохимических показателей крови для оценки здоровья и уровня питания быков-производителей изучаемых пород. We studied the biochemical status of the organism of Holstein (n=8) and Simmental (n=8) bulls-producers in a comparative aspect. Samples of blood serum of bulls-producers contained in the conditions of the Moscow region were analyzed. Indicators of nitrogen, carbohydrate-lipid, mineral metabolism, and enzyme activity were determined in the blood samples. The content of total protein and its fractions, urea, as well as the ratio of albumins and globulins were approximately at the same level, regardless of the genotype of animals. In the blood of Simmental bulls, compared with analogues of the Holstein breed, the concentration of creatinine was higher by 19.9% (P<0.05), the level of phospholipids — by 16%, and cholesterol — by 46.5% (P<0.05). The concentration of phosphorus in the blood serum of Simmental bulls was 2.52 mmol/l, which is 30.5% higher than in Holsteins bulls (P<0.05). The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the body of Simmental bulls was 1.04 against 1.40 units. in the Holstein bulls. The obtained data indicate differences in the nitrogen, carbohydrate-lipid and mineral metabolism in the body of animals of meat-and-milk and dairy productivity and will help in the reference values of blood biochemical indicators development for assessing the health and nutrition level of bulls-producers of the studied breeds.

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