scholarly journals Diagnosis and treatment of internal hydrocephalus in dogs in relation to our own observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 6361-2020
Author(s):  
OLIWIER TEODOROWSKI ◽  
PIOTR TEODOROWSKI ◽  
MICHAŁ KIONA ◽  
MARTYNA LOSKOT ◽  
STANISŁAW WINIARCZYK ◽  
...  

Hydrocephalus is a congenital or acquired neurological disorder in dogs, associated with the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The factors contributing to hydrocephalus development are diverse and not always possible to determine. The aim of this article was to present two cases of the diagnosis and treatment of internal hydrocephalus in dogs. The observations included animals with neurological disorders of unknown origin. Internal hydrocephalus was diagnosed based on the results of magnetic resonance imaging, and the treatment of both patients comprised ventricular brain drainage. The surgical treatment was fully effective for one dog. For the other dog, a short-term improvement was followed by deterioration in condition due to occlusion of the ventriculoperitoneal drain, and the owners decided to euthanize the animal. The analysis of our cases led to the conclusion that congenital hydrocephalus is a disorder that challenges veterinarians in terms of diagnosis and therapy, due to limited access to advanced imaging techniques such as MRI or CT, and from the complicated nature of the surgical treatment. However, it should be noted that if the disorder is correctly diagnosed and ventricular brain drainage is adequate, the chances for successful functioning are significant.


Author(s):  
David A. Mitchell ◽  
Laura Mitchell ◽  
Lorna McCaul

Contents. Relevant pages in other chapters. Principal sources. Listen, look, and learn. Presenting complaint. The dental history. The medical history. Medical examinatio. Examination of the head and neck. Examination of the mouth. Investigations—general. Investigations—specific. Radiology and radiography. Advanced imaging techniques. Differential diagnosis and treatment plan.



2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Mubashar Rehman

Neuromodulation therapies generally deal with the provision of pain management, treatment of movement disorders, seizure control by the utilization of brain-controlled devices to individuals with compromised movement. Recent advancement in optogenetics has led to the development of techniques to explore the neural circuitry & biomarkers to track the progression of disease in neurodegenerative disorders. Further advancements contributing to neuromodulation therapies include engineering of nanotechnology, advances in genetics, exome sequencing and novel imaging techniques to detect connectivity deficits in motor and sensory networks that have been associated with neurological disorders. The following six neuromodulation therapies will be discussed in detail herein reference to neurologist awareness, candidate selection, and barriers to treatment. This article highlights the appropriate selection of neuromodulation therapy in the management of chronic pain and neurodegenerative orders that can lead to short-term and longterm clinical benefits.



2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Bernardo Almeida

Snapping hip syndrome is a condition in which the predominant symptom is the snapping feelingaround the hip joint caused by a dynamic impingement between muscles or tendons and boneprominences. The etiology of the snapping hip types and consequently the therapeutic targets havebeen subjects of discussion and controversy along the years. A careful clinical history and physicalexamination is frequently enough for this disease diagnosis. Treatment is typically conservative,however when it is not successful surgical treatment is indicated, consisting on the snapping muscleor tendons lengthening. The authors review in this paper the current scientific literature about functionalanatomy, physiopathology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of snapping hip.



2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Yuriy Zharikov ◽  
Tatyana Zharikova ◽  
Vladimir Nikolenko

The objective of this review study was to analyze the relationship between skeletal muscle mass and postoperative short-term outcomes morbidity in patients with Klatskin tumor who underwent surgical treatment. Low index skeletal muscle mass had a negative impact factor on postoperative morbidity following resection of Klatskin tumor and should therefore be considered as preoperative risk assessment. The further study of body composition in oncological patients allowed revealing the group of patients with high probability of postoperative complications and this factor needed to be added to future models predictive scale of short-term outcomes with the aim of making the most rational preoperative treatment algorithm.



1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Patrícia Resende Penido ◽  
Rhanna Junqueira Westin de Carvalho ◽  
Roger Willian Moraes Mendes

RESUMOIntrodução: A Arterite de Takayasu (AT) consiste em uma vasculopatia de origem indefinida, sendo de caráter crônico, que afeta a aorta e seus ramos principais. Em gestantes é uma condição complexa, em que o tratamento clínico é realizado com restrições. A utilização de corticoides tem sido favorável no controle inflamatório, principalmente naqueles casos em que antes da gravidez se fazia uso de imunossupressores. Casuística: Foi relatado um caso de uma gestante portadora de AT, através da análise de prontuário e de exames complementares, sendo realizado o pré-natal pelas equipes de Obstetrícia e Reumatologia, onde foi realizado tratamento clínico com corticoides, mostrando uma evolução satisfatória, ocorrendo apenas uma hospitalização que foi seguida de uma cesárea na trigésima sexta semana de gravidez, com recém nato saudável de 3.810g. Discussão: A AT pode estar associada a várias etiologias, sendo a gênese pouco conhecida. O diagnóstico na maioria das vezes é demorado, pela dificuldade da suspeita clínica, além de demandar o uso de técnicas de imagem mais sofisticadas. A gestação associada é fenômeno raro, já que as portadoras são orientadas a evitarem a gravidez. O controle clínico permitiu uma gestação sem grandes complicações e serviu como meio para levar a gestação até praticamente o fim do terceiro trimestre. Conclusão: Deve-se ressaltar o papel do acompanhamento clínico, especialmente com esta pan-arterite, mostrando os medicamentos que podem ser utilizados nesse grupo, especialmente quando se usava imunossupressores antes da gravidez. Palavras chave: Arterite de Takayasu, Gravidez, Vasculite. ABSTRACT:Introduction: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) consists of a vascular disease of unknown origin and chronic nature, which affects the aorta and its main branches. In pregnant women it is a complex condition, in which the clinical treatment is performed with restrictions. The use of corticosteroids has been favorable to control inflammation, especially in those cases when immunosuppressant had been used before pregnancy. Case Report: A case of a pregnant patient with TA has been reported through the analysis of medical records and laboratory tests. The Obstetrics and Rheumatology staff performed the prenatal care, and clinical treatment with corticosteroids was done showing a satisfactory outcome. There was only one hospitalization of the patient, which was followed by a cesarean in the thirty sixth week of pregnancy.  The newborn was a healthy one, weighing 3.810g. Discussion: TA may be associated with several etiologies, and the genesis is little known. The diagnosis most often takes time due to the difficulty of clinical suspicion, and requires the use of more sophisticated imaging techniques. The pregnancy is rare phenomenon, since the carriers are advised to avoid pregnancy. The clinical management allowed a pregnancy without major complications and served as a means to carry the pregnancy to almost the end of the third quarter. Conclusion: The role of the clinical follow-up should be noticed especially with this pan-arteritis, showing the drugs that can be used in this group, especially when there is use of immunosuppressive drugs before pregnancy. Keywords: Takayasu Arteritis, Pregnancy, Vasculitis.



2020 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
D.M. Krpata ◽  
L. Tastaldi ◽  
C.C. Petro ◽  
A. Fafaj ◽  
S. Rosenblatt ◽  
...  


Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3521
Author(s):  
Valeria Romeo ◽  
Giuseppe Accardo ◽  
Teresa Perillo ◽  
Luca Basso ◽  
Nunzia Garbino ◽  
...  

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is becoming the standard of care for locally advanced breast cancer, aiming to reduce tumor size before surgery. Unfortunately, less than 30% of patients generally achieve a pathological complete response and approximately 5% of patients show disease progression while receiving NAC. Accurate assessment of the response to NAC is crucial for subsequent surgical planning. Furthermore, early prediction of tumor response could avoid patients being overtreated with useless chemotherapy sections, which are not free from side effects and psychological implications. In this review, we first analyze and compare the accuracy of conventional and advanced imaging techniques as well as discuss the application of artificial intelligence tools in the assessment of tumor response after NAC. Thereafter, the role of advanced imaging techniques, such as MRI, nuclear medicine, and new hybrid PET/MRI imaging in the prediction of the response to NAC is described in the second part of the review. Finally, future perspectives in NAC response prediction, represented by AI applications, are discussed.



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