scholarly journals Assessment of Coagulopathy, Inflammation and LDH Activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Ajibola Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pulmonary Disorder ◽  
Coagulation Analyzer ◽  
Blood Platelet Count ◽  
D Dimer

The patho-physiology of COVID19 is still not clear. This study investigated the status of coagulation, LDH activity, and inflammation in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. One hundred and thirty-four newly diagnosed COVID19 infected patients (age ranged65-82years) attending Mullingar Regional Hospital, Mullingar, Republic of Ireland, volunteered to participate in this study. They all presented with a pulmonary disorder, pyrexia, vomiting, body pains, etc. SARS-CoV-2 confirmatory test was done with RT-PCR molecular test using Cepheid Genexpert System. The data of another 121 plasma samples of apparently normal, non-COVID19 infected individuals taken before the emergence of COVID19 served as controls. Levels of blood platelets was determined in the participants using Siemen ADVIA 2120 Haematological System, and plasma D-dimer was determined in the participants using Star Max-Stago–Automatic Coagulation Analyzer LDH activity, plasma ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in the participants using Beckman AU680-Chemistry Analyser. SARS-CoV-2 –infected patients showed significantly (p<0.001) higher levels of D-dimer (1522.95+1395.45ng/ml), CRP (125.3+116.4mg/l), ferritin (488.5+514.9pg/l), and LDH activity (574.4+446.7iu/l) compared to controls (78.8+18.1ng/ml, 2.4+1.7mg/l, 61.3+58.2pg/l, 304.1+76.6iu/l respectively). The blood platelet count did not show significant (p>0.05) change in the COVID19 patients (252.2 x 109+101 x 109) compared to controls (256.4 x 109+63.2 x 109). Elevated LDH activity could indicate tissue breakdown in the SARS-Cov-2 infected patients. Hyper-coagulation and inflammation are imminent in the COVID19 patients. Adjuvant anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory therapies may be useful as part of therapeutic regimen in the SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Keywords: COVID19, Coagulopathy, CRP and ferritin, LDH.

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF THE RETICULO-ENDOTHELIAL SYSTEM TO THE BLOOD PLATELET COUNT

1926 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Koster
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Very High ◽  
Blood Platelet Count ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System

1. So called blockade of the reticulo-endothelial system results in a marked increase in the platelet count. 2. The count rapidly becomes very high, shows a sharp partial recoil and then a gradual diminution even though the blockade be continued. 3. The mechanism regulating the number of platelets is a complicated one. 4. Apparently phagocytosis by cells of the reticulo-endothelial system is not the only means by which blood platelets are destroyed.

scholarly journals Perbedaan Hitung Jumlah Trombosit Menggunakan Darah Vena dan Darah Kapiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Hieronymus Rayi Prasetya ◽  
Maria Irena Dentri ◽  
Sistiyono Sistiyono
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Blood Platelet Count

Background: Platelets play a role in hemostasis which is the body's mechanisms to prevent and stop the bleeding. Platelets participate in the effort to close the wound, so that the body does not experience a loss of blood and protected from foreign cells. Examination of the platelet count is very important in the diagnosis of diseases, one of which is the diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Examination of blood counts, especially platelets in clinical laboratories causes blood samples in use are not always the venous blood but could use capillary blood. Capillary blood samples are used primarily in pediatric patients, because the venous blood sampling is difficult, patient loads, and also shorten the time when taking blood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in counting the number of platelets using samples of blood veins and capillaries. Methods: Quantitative research with observational approach using a cross sectional study design in the 30 samples of student D3 Health Analyst STIKes To Nation Yogyakarta. Statistical methods in use are independent T test. Results: The research subjects were 30 samples of student D3 Health Analyst STIKes To Nation Yogyakarta. The results of the examination of venous blood platelet count and blood capillaries have different average values ​​are 247 530 cells / ml of blood, for blood platelets veins and 184 270 cells / ml of blood for capillary blood platelets. Spearman correlation analysis Obtained results of the examination of venous blood platelet count and blood capillaries normal distribution (p> 0.05). 0.129 venous blood platelet counts, while the number of blood platelets kapilernya 0.089. Conclusion: There is a significant difference from the results of counting the number of blood platelets using veins and capillaries, where the use of capillary blood samples showed that lower platelet counts.

Blood Platelet Count and Blood Platelet Survival in Male Stroke Prone, Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats During Ageing

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Meuleman ◽  
G.M.T. Vogel ◽  
van A.M.L. Delft
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Platelet Survival ◽  
Blood Platelet Count

Blood platelets play probably an important role in the occurrence of stroke. We determined the survival of radiolabelled blood platelets, the blood platelet count and blood pressure in male stroke prone, spontaneously hypertensive rats during ageing. Our investigations revealed that 1) blood pressure starts to rise at an early age (8 weeks) reaching a steady state (approx. 250 mmHg) at 15-20 weeks of age, 3) blood platelet count is steadily decreasing from 9 weeks of age on, reaching a steady state (approx. 50% of the original platelet count) at 20 weeks of age, 3) blood platelet survival is gradually shortening from 12 weeks of age on, reaching a steady shortened half-life of 18 hours (normal value approx. 42 hours). It is concluded that the rise in blood pressure induces at first instance a moderately increased platelet consumption, which is not compensated by an increased platelet production and which is not detectable by platelet survival measurement. In a later phase, when the blood pressure is in a steady state, platelet consumption is further increased, leading to significantly shortened platelet survivals. This process is then compensated by increased platelet production leading to a steady state thrombocytopenia.

Platelet Aggregation in Rats in Relation to Hyperuricaemia Induced by Dietary Single-Cell Protein and to Protein Deficiency

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Winocour ◽  
M R Turner ◽  
T G Taylor ◽  
K A Munday
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Single Cell Protein ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Blood Platelet Count ◽  
Rat Platelets

SummaryA major limitation to single-cell protein (SCP) as a human food is its high nucleic acid content, the purine moiety of which is metabolised to uric acid. Rats given a Fusarium mould as a source of SCP in diets containing oxonate, a uricase inhibitor, showed elevated plasma and kidney uric acid concentrations after 21 d, which were related to the level of dietary mould. ADP-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was greater in the hyperuricaemic rats than in controls and a progressive increase in aggregation with increasing levels of dietary mould was observed. Furthermore a time-lag, exceeding the life-span of rat platelets, was observed between the development of hyperuricaemia and the increase in aggregation. A similar time-lag was observed between the lowering of the hyperuricaemia and the reduction of platelet aggregation when oxonate was removed from the diet.If human platelets react to uric acid in the same manner as rat platelets this might explain the link that has been suggested between hyperuricaemia and ischaemic heart disease. In that event diets high in nucleic acids might be contra-indicated in people at risk from ischaemic heart disease.In rats given a low protein diet (50 g casein/kg) for 21 d ADP-induced and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and whole blood platelet count were reduced compared with control animals receiving 200 g casein/kg diet but not in rats given 90 or 130 g casein/kg diet. A study of the time course on this effect indicated that the reduction both in aggregation tendency and in whole blood platelet count occurred after 4 d of feeding the low protein diet. These values were further reduced with time.

The Effect of Calcium and Magnesium on Rabbit Blood Platelet Aggregation in Vitro

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 179-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torstein Hovig
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Rabbit Blood ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Blood Platelet Aggregation

SummaryThe effect of calcium and magnesium on the aggregation of rabbit blood platelets in vitro was studied, with the following results:1. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP or collagen could be prevented by EGTA or EDTA. The aggregating effect was restored by recalcification. The effect was also restored by addition of magnesium in EDTA-PRP, but not in EGTA-PRP unless a surplus of calcium was present.2. Calcium remained in concentrations of the order of 0.15–0.25 mM after dialysis or cation exchange of plasma. Aggregation of washed platelets resuspended in such plasma could not be produced with ADP or collagen, unless the calcium concentration was increased or that magnesium was added.3. The adhesiveness of blood platelets to collagen was reduced in EGTA-PRP and EDTA-PRP. Release of ADP from platelets influenced by collagen could not be demonstrated either in EGTA-PRP (presence of magnesium) or in EDTA-PRP.4. It is concluded that calcium is a necessary factor both for the reaction leading to release of ADP and for the the aggregation produced by ADP.5. Thrombin induced aggregation of washed platelets suspended in tris-buffered saline in the presence of calcium. No effect of magnesium could be observed unless small quantities of calcium were present.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Tocilizumab Therapy in Different Subtypes of COVID-19 Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1067
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Oliynyk ◽  
Wojciech Barg ◽  
Anna Slifirczyk ◽  
Yanina Oliynyk ◽  
Vitaliy Gurianov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Macrophage Activation Syndrome ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Cytokine Release Syndrome ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
D Dimer

Background: Cytokine storm in COVID-19 is heterogenous. There are at least three subtypes: cytokine release syndrome (CRS), macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), and sepsis. Methods: A retrospective study comprising 276 patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. All patients were tested for ferritin, interleukin-6, D-Dimer, fibrinogen, calcitonin, and C-reactive protein. According to the diagnostic criteria, three groups of patients with different subtypes of cytokine storm syndrome were identified: MAS, CRS or sepsis. In the MAS and CRS groups, treatment results were assessed depending on whether or not tocilizumab was used. Results: MAS was diagnosed in 9.1% of the patients examined, CRS in 81.8%, and sepsis in 9.1%. Median serum ferritin in patients with MAS was significantly higher (5894 vs. 984 vs. 957 ng/mL, p < 0.001) than in those with CRS or sepsis. Hypofibrinogenemia and pancytopenia were also observed in MAS patients. In CRS patients, a higher mortality rate was observed among those who received tocilizumab, 21 vs. 10 patients (p = 0.043), RR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.0–4.3). In MAS patients, tocilizumab decreased the mortality, 13 vs. 6 patients (p = 0.013), RR = 0.50 (95% CI 0.25–0.99). Сonclusions: Tocilizumab therapy in patients with COVID-19 and CRS was associated with increased mortality, while in MAS patients, it contributed to reduced mortality.

Blood platelet-derived microparticles release and bubble formation after an open-sea air dive

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Pontier ◽  
Emmanuel Gempp ◽  
Mihaela Ignatescu
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Experimental Group

Bubble-induced platelet aggregation offers an index for evaluating decompression severity in humans and in a rat model of decompression sickness. Endothelial cells, blood platelets, or leukocytes shed microparticles (MP) upon activation and during cell apoptosis. The aim was to study blood platelet MP (PMP) release and bubble formation after a scuba-air dive in field conditions. Healthy, experienced divers were assigned to 1 experimental group (n = 10) with an open-sea air dive to 30 msw for 30 min and 1 control group (n = 5) during head-out water immersion for the same period. Bubble grades were monitored with a pulsed doppler according to Kissman Integrated Severity Score (KISS). Blood samples for platelet count (PC) and PMP (annexin V and CD41) were taken 1 h before and after exposure in both groups. The result showed a decrease in post-dive PC compared with pre-dive values in experimental group with no significant change in the control group. We observed a significant increase in PMP values after the dive while no change was revealed in the control group. There was a significant positive correlation between the PMP values after the dive and the KISS bubble score. The present study highlighted a relationship between the post-dive decrease in PC, platelet MP release, and bubble formation. Release of platelet MPs could reflect bubble-induced platelet aggregation and could play a key role in alteration of the coagulation. Further studies must investigate endothelial and leukocyte MP release in the same field conditions.

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