scholarly journals Incomplete Kawasaki disease in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala M Agha ◽  
Hala S Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cervical Lymphadenitis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Epstein Barr

[first paragraph of article]Kawasaki disease (KD) is a hybrid condition at the junction of infectious diseases, immunology, rheumatology, and cardiology.1 KD is a systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology predominately affecting medium-sized vessels such as the coronary arteries, which mainly affects infants and children2. The disease itself may be the characteristic manifestation of a common pathway of immune-mediated vascular inflammation in genetically susceptible hosts3. Untreated KD may lead to the formation of coronary artery aneurysms and sudden cardiac death in children. The diagnosis of KD is based on the clinical features of fever of at least 5 days together with at least 4 or 5 other features including rash, bilateral conjunctival injection, changes in peripheral extremities, lymphadenopathy and oropharyngeal changes4. The diseases that must be differentiated from KD because of similar clinical findings include viral infections (measles, adenovirus, enterovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus), scarlet fever, staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, bacterial cervical lymphadenitis, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis5,6. Because each of the symptoms commonly occurs in other childhood illnesses, the disease can be difficult to diagnose, especially in children who present with an incomplete form of the disease. KD has not been previously reported from Egypt and there are special challenges in recognizing complete KD in a country where physicians have limited experience with the disease. The diagnosis of incomplete KD is thus even more challenging in this setting. 

scholarly journals Analysis of common causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006052110066
Author(s):  
Qinghong Meng ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Lianmei Yuan ◽  
Xiaona Gao
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Severe Liver Damage ◽  
Epstein Barr

Aims To explore the causes of liver damage among children 12 years and younger in Weifang and to provide a theoretical basis for early diagnosis of liver damage in children. Methods Retrospective study of clinical data from pediatric patients (age ≤12 years) with liver damage in diagnosed at Weifang People's Hospital from June 2010 to May 2020. Results A total of 2632 children (1572 boys, 1060 girls) aged ≤12 years were diagnosed with liver damage including infectious liver damage (2100 cases), non-infectious liver damage (446 cases) and liver damage of unknown etiology (86 cases). The most common causes of infectious liver damage were viral infection (1515 cases), Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (343 cases), and bacterial infection (197 cases). The most common causes of viral liver damage were Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and enterovirus. The most common causes of non-infectious liver damage were drug-induced liver damage, Kawasaki disease, and genetic metabolic diseases. There were 31 cases of severe liver damage. Conclusion There were many causes of liver damage among children in Weifang. Infections, and especially viral infections such as Epstein–Barr virus, were the most common causes of liver damage. Severe liver damage was primarily caused by drugs or poisons.

Acute Pharyngitis: Etiology and Diagnosis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 949-954
Author(s):  
Alan L. Bisno
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Pharyngitis ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Acute pharyngitis may be caused by a wide variety of microbial agents (Table 1). The relative importance of each of these agents varies greatly depending on a number of epidemiologic factors, including age of the patient, season of the year, and geographic locale. Viruses Most cases of acute pharyngitis are viral in etiology and involve the pharynx as well as other portions of the respiratory tract as manifestations of the common cold, influenza, or croup. Examples include the rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, influenza A and B, and the parainfluenza viruses. Certain viral infections causing sore throat may exhibit clinical manifestations that are rather distinctive. Examples include enteroviruses (herpangina due to Coxsackie A), Epstein-Barr virus (infectious mononucleosis), cytomegalovirus (cytomegalovirus mononucleosis), adenovirus (pharyngoconjunctival fever, acute respiratory disease of military recruits), and herpes simplex virus (pharyngitis, gingivitis, and stomatitis). In many instances, however, the illnesses caused by these agents may overlap so broadly with that of streptococcal pharyngitis as to be clinically indistinguishable. Thus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and herpes virus may all cause fever, exudative pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis. Several studies have documented the role of primary herpesvirus type 1 infection as a cause of acute pharyngitis in college students.1-4 Herpesvirus type 2 can occasionally cause a similar illness as a consequence of oral-genital sexual contact.5 Although herpesvirus infections may involve the anterior oral cavity (vesicular or ulcerative gingivostomatitis) as well as the posterior pharynx, they do not routinely do so. Only about one-fourth of students with culturally and serologically proven primary herpes simplex type 1 pharyngitis studied by Glezen et al,2 for example, had gingivostomatitis.

scholarly journals Three Severe Cases of Viral Infections with Post-Kidney Transplantation Successfully Confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction and Flow Cytometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206
Author(s):  
Keita Nakanishi ◽  
Hiroshi Kaito ◽  
Miki Ogi ◽  
Denshi Takai ◽  
Junya Fujimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Epstein Barr

Viral infections in patients with post-kidney transplantation are often difficult to diagnose as well as treat. We herein report three cases with severe viral infections after kidney transplantation. All their causative pathogens could be detected promptly by polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry during the early stages of infection. These examinations would also be of great use to monitor therapeutic responses and disease activity. It is indeed true that no specific treatment is available for most of the viral infections, but we should be aware that some infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus infection, can be treatable with prompt and specific treatment, such as rituximab.

scholarly journals A case of adolescent Kawasaki disease with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis complicated by splenic infarction

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Byeong Sam Choi ◽  
Bo Sang Kwon ◽  
Gi Beom Kim ◽  
Yoon Kyung Jeon ◽  
Jung-Eun Cheon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Splenic Infarction ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

scholarly journals Pancytopenia Secondary to SARS-CoV 2 Infection-A Case Reprt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Sharma ◽  
Rajat Shukla ◽  
Rachna Warrier ◽  
Kunal Kumar ◽  
Nalin Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Abstract Pancytopenia is a condition when person has low count of all three types of blood cells causing a triage of anemia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It should not be considered as a disease in itself but rather the sign of a disease that needs to be further evaluated. Among the various causes, viral infections like Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and Parvovirus B19 have been implicated. Pancytopenia is a rare complication and not commonly seen in patients with COVID 19 disease. Here, we report a case of pancytopenia in previously immunocompetent elderly male patient with SARS-CoV2 infection.

scholarly journals Profound CD4+ T lymphocytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus negative individuals, improved with anti-human herpes virus treatment

2012 ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lilia Diaz Betancourth ◽  
Julio Cesar Klinger ◽  
Victoria Eugenia Niño
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Herpes ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Herpes Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Herpès Virus

Lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia can be associated with many bacterial, fungal, parasite and viral infections. They can also be found in autoimmune and neoplastic diseases, common variable immu­nodeficiency syndrome, physical, psychological and traumatic stress, malnutrition and immunosuppressive therapy. Besides, they can also be brought into relation, without a known cause, with idiopathic CD4+ T lym­phocytopenia. Among viral infections, the Retrovirus, specially the human immunodeficiency virus, is the most frequently cause. However, many acute viral infections, including cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus can be associated with transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia. As is well known, transient lymphocytopenia and CD4+ T lymphocytopenia are temporary and overcome when the disease improves. Nonetheless, severe CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia associated with chronic infections by human herpes virus has not been reported. We describe 6 cases of human immunodeficiency virus negative patients, with chronic cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus infections and profound lymphocytopenia with clinical symptoms of cellular immunodeficiency. These patients improved rapidly with ganciclovir or valganciclovir treatment. We claim here that it is important to consider the chronic human herpes virus infection in the differential diag­nosis of profoundly CD4+ T lymphocytopenia etiology, when human immunodeficiency virus is absent, in order to start effective treatment and to determine, in future studies, the impact of chronic human herpes virus infection in human beings’ health.

scholarly journals The prevalence of the most important viral infections in renal transplant recipients in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Cupic ◽  
Ivana Lazarevic ◽  
Vera Pravica ◽  
Ana Banko ◽  
Danijela Karalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr

Viruses are the main cause of opportunistic infections after kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), B. K. virus (BKV) and John Cunningham virus (JCV) infections in renal transplant recipients (RTR). This retrospective study of 112 RTR investigated the presence of CMV, EBV and polyomaviruses DNA in plasma and/or urine by PCR. The visualization of PCR products was performed by electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide and photographed under a UV light. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. CMV DNA was detected in 14/112 (12.5%), EBV DNA in 4/49 (8.16%), BKV DNA in 10/31 (32.26%) and JCV DNA in 3/31 (9.68%) RTR. These results show that CMV infection is more often present in RTR compared to other investigated viral infections. In the light of these results, molecular testing could be useful in identifying recipients at high risk of symptomatic post-transplant viral infection.

scholarly journals Gammaherpesvirus infection licenses age-associated B cells for pathogenicity in MS and EAE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel C. Mouat ◽  
Jessica R. Allanach ◽  
Vina Fan ◽  
Anna M. Girard ◽  
Iryna Shanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Ebv Infection ◽  
Latent Viral Infection ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Gammaherpesvirus 68 ◽  
Experimental Autoimmune

While age-associated B cells (ABCs) are known to expand and persist following viral infection and during autoimmunity, their interactions are yet to be studied together in these contexts. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has long been implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS), and it is not known whether ABCs could play a role in mediating viral contribution to autoimmunity. Here, we show that the circulating ABC population is expanded in people with MS and that EBV infection and MS status differentially impact the circulating ABC phenotype. We then directly compared ABCs during viral infection and autoimmunity using mouse models of EBV, gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV68), and MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We observed that splenic ABCs are expanded in a sex-biased manner during both latent virus infection and EAE, and each event drives the ABC population to opposing phenotypes. We have previously shown that latent γHV68 infection exacerbates EAE and here we show that mice lacking ABCs fail to display γHV68-enhanced disease. Collectively, these findings indicate that latent viral infection and central nervous system autoimmunity differentially impact the ABC population and suggests that viral infections such as EBV prime ABCs to contribute pathogenically in MS.

Abstract 144: Lung Parenchymal Consolidation during typical Kawasaki Disease

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Kawasaki Disease ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Past History ◽  
Systemic Vasculitis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Pulmonary Involvement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Barr Virus

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis of childhood throughout the body. We report a patient who complicated by severe pneumonia of lung parenchymal consolidation (LPC) during typical KD clinical course. Case reports: A 7-yr-old male who had a past history of KD at 3-yr-old, visited a general practitioner with fever, sore throat and neck pain. Three days later, after being treated with CTRX/TBPMPI, he was transferred to our hospital because of bilateral lymph nodes swelling and a generalized erythema and rash. On admission he was still febrile and had bilateral conjunctival injections, cervical and axillary lymphadenopathy and markedly reddened pharynx, without edema. We diagnosed him as KD and treated him with aspirin and IVIG at a dose of 2.0g/kg, but the condition worsened; he developed dyspnea and dry cough. Crackles were noted on rt-lung auscultation, along with rt-basal dullness to percussion of the thorax. Chest radiography and a subsequent computed tomography scan revealed disseminated patchy infiltrates and ground-glass alterations with massive pleural effusions on rt-lung, and enlarged axillary and mediastinal lymph nodes. Some kinds of microbiology (including Mycoplasma) and virology (Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19), from all sampled sites (pleural effusion, blood, pharyngeal swab and cerebrospinal fluid), were negative for pathogenic specimens. So we treated him as intractable KD with second-IVIG and m-PSL, which led to the quick resolution of fever and progressive amelioration of pneumonia. Echocardiography showed normal ventricular size and function without coronary artery lesion (CAL). Thereafter, he was finally afebrile. At the first follow-up visit, 1 month after discharge, he had fully recovered. Clinically, echocardiographically and radiographically, no residues were noted. Conclusion: Several manifestations of broncho-pulmonary involvement in KD have been described. But there are very few case of LPC. We should consider the possibility that LPC were secondary to pulmonary arteritis.

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