Flow-batch digital image colorimetric system to zinc oxide determination in ointments

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 700-702

Author(s):

R. C. Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

New York ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Practical Implementation ◽

Submarine Cable ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Digitized Pictures ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

And Storage

Interest in digital image processing techniques dates back to the early 1920's, when digitized pictures of world news events were first transmitted by submarine cable between New York and London. Applications of digital image processing concepts, however, did not become widespread until the middle 1960's, when third-generation digital computers began to offer the speed and storage capabilities required for practical implementation of image processing algorithms. Since then, this area has experienced vigorous growth, having been a subject of interdisciplinary research in fields ranging from engineering and computer science to biology, chemistry, and medicine.

Download Full-text

A method to measure pores and fissures in geologic materials under S.E.M. by digital image processing

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100108209 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 212-213

Author(s):

L. Montoto ◽

M. Montoto ◽

A. Bel-Lan

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Optical Microscopy ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Digital Processing ◽

Free Surfaces ◽

Geologic Materials ◽

Automatic Information ◽

Detector Output ◽

Rock Specimens

INTRODUCTION.- The physical properties of rock masses are greatly influenced by their internal discontinuities, like pores and fissures. So, these need to be measured as a basis for interpretation. To avoid the basic difficulties of measurement under optical microscopy and analogic image systems, the authors use S.E.M. and multiband digital image processing. In S.E.M., analog signal processing has been used to further image enhancement (1), but automatic information extraction can be achieved by simple digital processing of S.E.M. images (2). The use of multiband image would overcome difficulties such as artifacts introduced by the relative positions of sample and detector or the typicals encountered in optical microscopy.DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING.- The studied rock specimens were in the form of flat deformation-free surfaces observed under a Phillips SEM model 500. The SEM detector output signal was recorded in picture form in b&w negatives and digitized using a Perkin Elmer 1010 MP flat microdensitometer.

Download Full-text

Digital image processing methods applied to the study of annealing time on semiconductor-metal eutectic composites

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100106302 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 848-849

Author(s):

J. Hefter

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Electronic Device ◽

Processing System ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Eutectic Solidification ◽

Metal Silicide ◽

The Matrix ◽

Microscopic Studies

Semiconductor-metal composites, formed by the eutectic solidification of silicon and a metal silicide have been under investigation for some time for a number of electronic device applications. This composite system is comprised of a silicon matrix containing extended metal-silicide rod-shaped structures aligned in parallel throughout the material. The average diameter of such a rod in a typical system is about 1 μm. Thus, characterization of the rod morphology by electron microscope methods is necessitated.The types of morphometric information that may be obtained from such microscopic studies coupled with image processing are (i) the area fraction of rods in the matrix, (ii) the average rod diameter, (iii) an average circularity (roundness), and (iv) the number density (Nd;rods/cm2). To acquire electron images of these materials, a digital image processing system (Tracor Northern 5500/5600) attached to a JEOL JXA-840 analytical SEM has been used.

Download Full-text

Complementary Z-Contrast Imaging and Digital Image Processing

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100118394 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 304-305

Author(s):

K. N. Colonna ◽

G. Oliphant

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Digital Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Biological Tissue ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Tissue Preparation ◽

Contrast Imaging ◽

Imaging Tool ◽

Z Contrast

Harmonious use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing as an analytical imaging tool was developed and demonstrated in studying the elemental constitution of human and maturing rabbit spermatozoa. Due to its analog origin (Fig. 1), the Z-contrast image offers information unique to the science of biological imaging. Despite the information and distinct advantages it offers, the potential of Z-contrast imaging is extremely limited without the application of techniques of digital image processing. For the first time in biological imaging, this study demonstrates the tremendous potential involved in the complementary use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing.Imaging in the Z-contrast mode is powerful for three distinct reasons, the first of which involves tissue preparation. It affords biologists the opportunity to visualize biological tissue without the use of heavy metal fixatives and stains. For years biologists have used heavy metal components to compensate for the limited electron scattering properties of biological tissue.

Download Full-text

Extraction and identification of fillers and pigments from pyrolyzed rubber and tire samples

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163332 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 174-175

Author(s):

P. Sadhukhan ◽

J. B. Zimmerman

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Natural Rubber ◽

Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Synthetic Polymers ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Curing Agents

Rubber stocks, specially tires, are composed of natural rubber and synthetic polymers and also of several compounding ingredients, such as carbon black, silica, zinc oxide etc. These are generally mixed and vulcanized with additional curing agents, mainly organic in nature, to achieve certain “designing properties” including wear, traction, rolling resistance and handling of tires. Considerable importance is, therefore, attached both by the manufacturers and their competitors to be able to extract, identify and characterize various types of fillers and pigments. Several analytical procedures have been in use to extract, preferentially, these fillers and pigments and subsequently identify and characterize them under a transmission electron microscope.Rubber stocks and tire sections are subjected to heat under nitrogen atmosphere to 550°C for one hour and then cooled under nitrogen to remove polymers, leaving behind carbon black, silica and zinc oxide and 650°C to eliminate carbon blacks, leaving only silica and zinc oxide.

Download Full-text

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100170001 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 454-455

Author(s):

Vinod K. Berry ◽

Xiao Zhang

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Image Analysis ◽

Digital Image ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Image Transmission ◽

The United States ◽

Quantitative Image Analysis ◽

Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Download Full-text

A basic introduction to image processing using NIH-Image as a model

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100169699 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 392-393

Author(s):

John Mansfield

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Digital Image ◽

Image Acquisition ◽

Digital Instrument ◽

Novice User ◽

Nih Image ◽

The Past ◽

Digital World ◽

The World ◽

Instrument Control

Advances in camera technology and digital instrument control have meant that in modern microscopy, the image that was, in the past, typically recorded on a piece of film is now recorded directly into a computer. The transfer of the analog image seen in the microscope to the digitized picture in the computer does not mean, however, that the problems associated with recording images, analyzing them, and preparing them for publication, have all miraculously been solved. The steps involved in the recording an image to film remain largely intact in the digital world. The image is recorded, prepared for measurement in some way, analyzed, and then prepared for presentation.Digital image acquisition schemes are largely the realm of the microscope manufacturers, however, there are also a multitude of “homemade” acquisition systems in microscope laboratories around the world. It is not the mission of this tutorial to deal with the various acquisition systems, but rather to introduce the novice user to rudimentary image processing and measurement.

Download Full-text

Analysis of Sputtered Zinc Oxide Films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s1431927600001781 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 416-417

Author(s):

T. A. Emma ◽

M. P. Singh

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Piezoelectric Materials ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Optical Quality ◽

Zno Films ◽

Rf Power ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Sputtered Films ◽

Zinc Oxide Films

Optical quality zinc oxide films have been characterized using reflection electron diffraction (RED), replication electron microscopy (REM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant microstructural differences were observed between rf sputtered films and planar magnetron rf sputtered films. Piezoelectric materials have been attractive for applications to integrated optics since they provide an active medium for signal processing. Among the desirable physical characteristics of sputtered ZnO films used for this and related applications are a highly preferred crystallographic texture and relatively smooth surfaces. It has been found that these characteristics are very sensitive to the type and condition of the substrate and to the several sputtering parameters: target, rf power, gas composition and substrate temperature.

Download Full-text