scholarly journals Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk NKVD: the Number of the Repressed in the Fall of 1938

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-919
Author(s):  
N. A. Potapova ◽  
A. A. Babiy
Keyword(s):  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Internal Affairs

The research featured the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, i.e. a committee of three officials who issued sentences without public trial. The authors focused on the number of the convicted on the so-called ethnic cases during the late Great Terror in the fall of 1938. The study was based on the archival documents of the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the protocols, 1,894 local residents were found guilty in the ethnic cases in in the fall of 1938. Out of 1,690 people who were sentenced to capital punishment, less than 1% were executed. On November 26, 1938, the NKVD issued Order No. 00762, which marked the end of the Great Terror and recommended to transfer the remaining cases to the courts. Those convicted on the last day of mass repressions were released, and the NKVD authorities were forbidden to carry out sentences approved by the Special Troika after November 15, 1938. On December 22, 1938, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L. P. Beria declared that all execution sentences issued by the Troika before November 17, 1928, became invalid.

FOREIGN SERVANTS IN AN INDIAN PRINCELY STATE BHOPAL (19TH — EARLY 20TH CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Vanina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Central India ◽  
High Status ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Princely State ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
British Colonial

Bhopal, one of the ‘princely states’ and vassals of the British Empire (Central India), enjoyed special favour with its sovereign. Throughout a century, it was ruled by four generations of women who gained themselves, in India and outside, the reputation of enlightened and benevolent monarchs. Archival documents and memoirs allow glancing at the hitherto hidden world of domestic servants who not only ensured the comfortable and luxurious life of the princely family, but its high status too, both for fellow Indians and for British colonial administrators. Among the numerous servants employed by the Bhopal rulers, freely hired local residents prevailed. However, the natives of some other countries, quite far from India, were conspicuous as well: the article highlights West Europeans, Georgians and Africans (“Ethiopians”). In the princely household, foreign servants performed various functions. While British butlers and Irish or German nannies and governesses demonstrated the ruling family` s “Westernized” lifestyle, Georgian maids and African lackeys showcased the affluence and might of the Bhopal queens. Some foreign servants came to Bhopal by force: the reputation of ‘progressive’ was no obstacle for the Bhopal queens to use slave labour. When such cases became public, the British authorities responded with mild reproaches: condemning slavery, they nevertheless loathed any discord with their trusted vassals.

scholarly journals Activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR on Combating Economic Crime in the Middle of 1950s

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
V. A. Grechenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Economic Crime ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Republic

The relevance of the research topic is due to theoretical and practical significance of the problems of combating economic crime in modern conditions. In this regard, the issue of the effectiveness of the modernized police in accordance with the new tasks is of great importance. The original experience of combating economic crime was gained in previous years, but especially specific in this case were the 1950s, when there was departure from Stalin’s criminal policy, when the liberalization of the political regime and economic reforms began. In general, the country had a new political and economic situation. Various perpetrators also tried to take advantage of this, so the fight against both criminal and economic crime continued to be relevant in the new conditions. This topic is not enough studied in the historical and legal literature. Economic crime has been studied in the article in the sense that it was exactly in the specified historical period. For the first time in the historical and legal literature we studied the activities of the police to combat economic crime in the middle of 1950s, demonstrated certain achievements and shortcomings in this work, its management by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR. The historical and legal analysis of the normative acts regulating the work of militia in the specified sphere has been carried out. New archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation, which made it possible to expand and deepen the scientific understanding of police activities during this period, to give it greater objectivity and reliability. The main attention has been paid to the fight against economic crime by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR; the author has demonstrated the shortcomings observed by the Ministry in this work, the ways to overcome them. It has been emphasized that the analysis of these phenomena by the staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was not always in-depth; there were repetitions and superficial judgments. The data characterizing the state of economic crime in the Republic in 1954-1955 has been provided.

scholarly journals NKVD bodies of Khabarovsk Krai during the final stage of World War II and the first post-war period (June–December 1945)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-216
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Far East ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
World War ◽  
Khabarovsk Krai ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Post War

The article is devoted to the currently little-studied topic which is the influence of the political and socio-economic processes of the final stage of the World War II on the activities of the Khabarovsk Krai NKVD organs. The study was based on the archival documents related to the work of the NKVD organs of the Far East in the second half of 1945. The collections of documents stored in the departmental archive and information center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Khabarovsk Krai constituted the source base of the research. Most of the archival sources used by the author are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. The techniques of historical criminological analysis were applied in the process of research. The author considered the peculiarities of the transition of law enforcement agencies of Khabarovsk Krai to work under martial law connected with the events of the Soviet-Japanese war; structural transformations of the first post-war period, including the formation of new territorial bodies in South Sakhalin; activities in combating crime and protecting public order. It is concluded that the geopolitical events in the region and the internal social processes of the period under study demanded that the NKVD of Khabarovsk Krai not only strengthen the traditional activities to combat crime and protect law and order but also organize work in a number of new areas. The study of archival documents showed that the internal affairs bodies paid considerable attention to the organization of civil defense and the protection of population from possible attacks by Japanese aircraft during that period. Assessing the effectiveness of the activities of the territorial bodies of the Khabarovsk Krai NKVD in the period between June and December of 1945, the author concludes that despite a number of difficulties which were largely caused by the problems connected with personnel and logistics, the internal affairs bodies managed to ensure public safety and law and order in the front-line region and to prevent criminal excesses (outbreaks of banditry, group escapes or prisoner riots, etc.) and sabotage at strategically important facilities.

scholarly journals Formation of Border Line between Kazakhstan and Siberia in 1920s - Early 1930s (The Case of Cherlaksky District)

2020 ◽  
pp. 369-383
Author(s):  
K. B. Korzhenevsky
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Adjacent Territory ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Autonomous Republic

The process of changing the border line of the Akmola province of the Kazak Autonomous Republic (until 1925 - the Kyrgyz Republic) of the Autonomous Republic with the adjacent territory of the Omsk District of the Siberian Territory (until 1925 - the Omsk Province), consisting in the transition of the Cherlak District (Stepanovskaya, Dobrovolskaya, Cherlakskaya and part of the Bostandyk-Tuska Volost) to the Omsk District in the second half of the 1920s is considered in the article. On the basis of archival documents first involved in the scientific revolution, a detailed analysis of the inclusion of the Cherlaksky district in the Omsk province is carried out. The history of this border issue in 1922-1923, the reason for which was the petition of residents of border villages is discussed in the article. The course and features of the consideration of this issue by local and central authorities, the work of the conciliation commission for the reception and transfer of Cherlak territory are described. It is concluded that the transfer of the Cherlak district to Omsk took place under the conditions of the manifestation of an active civic position of local residents, support for this border issue by the Cossack and Siberian authorities and was carried out only after the general regionalization of Kazakhstan by the end of the 1920s.

scholarly journals History of the Bogorodsky camp of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 437 for prisoners of war and internees (1945–1949)

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 (12) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
ALEXANDER L. KUZMINYKH ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
Political Work ◽  
German Army ◽  
Security Institution ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Post War

The article examines the history of the formation and functioning of the Bogorodsky camp of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR No. 437 for prisoners of war officers of the German army and its allies. The subject of the research is the institutional and legal foundations and practice of keeping officers-prisoners of war in the USSR using as an example a specific security institution. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the principles of historicism, consistency and interdisciplinarity of scientific analysis. On the basis of archival documents, the features of the camp infrastructure, the organization of the regime and security, food supply and medical services, labor use and political work with prisoners of war are revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that the Soviet state, despite the difficulties of the post-war period, managed to organize the life support and use of the labor of disarmed enemy servicemen. It was established that in the Soviet captivity, successful work was carried out to de-Nazify and demilitarize the mentality of former German soldiers and officers, as well as to train anti-fascists, who were seen as supporters of socialist transformations after their returning to homeland. Key words: The Great Patriotic War, German prisoners of war, the camps of the NKVD-Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR.

scholarly journals When All Could No Longer Be Equal in Death: A Local Community’s Struggle to Remember Its Fallen Soldiers in the Shadow of Serbia’s Civil War, 1955-1956

2010 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Max Bergholz
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
War Dead ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

In the spring of 1956, a plaque was hung in the Orthodox Church in the village of Brezna, located in western Serbia. On it were carved the names of local men who had been killed fighting during the Second World War. However, contrary to Communist policy, the list included not only those who had fought with the Communist-led Partisan resistance movement, but also those they had fought against, the Chetniks. Based on archival documents, the contemporary press, and interviews with local residents, this essay reconstructs the experience of the war years in this region, the factors that led to the hanging of the plaque, and the consequences faced by the village priest for its creation. The purpose is to examine how a local community, composed of combatants and their families from both sides of the wartime and postwar ideological divide, dealt with the mandate to simultaneously remember and forget the war dead. The main argument is that the incident in Brezna was a clash between traditional local practices of inclusive commemoration of the war dead and new exclusionary forms that emerged after the Second World War, due to the fratricidal nature of wartime violence, which were supported by Communist political elites as well as many local villagers.

scholarly journals Prison Labor in the Southern Kuzbass Corrective Labor Camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs (1947–1950)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-111
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Labor Camp ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Working And Living Conditions

The article considers the issues of use of prison labour in the “Southern Kuzbass Corrective Labor Camp of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs”. The chronological framework of the study is set between 1947 and 1950. The camp was located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the Gornaya Shoria district. The Southern Kuzbass Corrective Labor Camp was established according to the resolution no. 409 of the Council of Ministers from March 1, 1947. The main activity of the camp was logging. However the penal labor was used not only in the logging industry, but also in the timber processing, construction, and agricultural sectors. Based on archival documents, this article shows the features of the organization of labor activity of prisoners, working conditions, methods of stimulation and encouragement. The author explains challenges that were faced in the process of implementation of measures aimed to improve the working and living conditions of prisoners, their general physical condition and their work motivation. Among them there were difficulties in carrying out measures for labor protection, calculation of wages for prisoners, determination of their employment category, use of mechanized equipment in production activities, ensuring satisfactory sanitary and living conditions. Despite this, the analysis of indicators of labor productivity for individual logging phases in the camp demonstrates a positive trend.

Ivan Matyukhin and his detachment in the Tambov rebellion

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Podlesnov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
State Archives ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Military

The relevance of the work is due to the need for a scientific understanding of the phenomenon of peasant rebellion against Soviet power, and the largest of them, the Tambov rebellion, in the year of its centenary, to study motivation as its leaders, one of whom was I.S. Matyukhin and ordinary participants. The purpose of the study is to analyze the personality of Ivan Matyukhin and the soldiers of his detachment, as well as the main military operations in which they participated. When working on the study, such research methods were used as the study of archival data and memoirs, their analysis. The research was based on the data of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, the State Archive of the Social and Political History of the Tambov Region, the Russian State Military Archive, the memoirs of the participants in the events under study, as well as published scientific works. The scientific significance of the study lies in the systematization of in-formation about Ivan Matyukhin’s detachment, the analysis of known archival documents and the introduction of new ones into scientific circulation. In the course of the study, the military operations of the Insurrectionary Army, in which the I.S. Matyukhin regiment took part, are analyzed, and the key role of his unit in especially significant operations was revealed. A social portrait of a member of his detachment is compiled – most often these are peasants, both wealthy and those related to the poor, for the most part who had experience in military operations. We prove the high level of support of the Matyukhin unit among local residents, skillfully organized intelligence and staff work.

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