EFFECT OF SOME NATURAL ACTIVATORS ON GROWTH AND QUALITY OF SEASHORE PASPALUM TURF

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Boshra El-Sayed ◽  
Tarek Noor El-Deen ◽  
Magda Ahmed ◽  
Sayed Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Seashore Paspalum

scholarly journals Salinity Affects Quality Parameters of ‘SeaDwarf’ Seashore Paspalum

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Berndt
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Induced Changes

Irrigating salt-tolerant grasses with nonpotable water, like salt water, conserves fresh water resources. Advertising suggests that ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum O. Swartz) is salt-tolerant and that it resists the effects of salinity on growth typically observed when irrigating other turf types with salty water. As a result, it is now being used on golf courses and home lawns in an effort to help conserve fresh water. Commensurate with the use of nonpotable irrigation, however, would be an expectation of high turf quality. This study was done to determine if the quality of ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum was affected by irrigating it with nonpotable water having high levels of salinity. Seven irrigation water sources created by blending tap water and ocean water and ranging in salinity from 0.52 to 49.40 dS·m−1 were used to flood-irrigate containerized ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum once daily for 50 consecutive days. Turf quality gradually decreased as salinity increased but improved with time except at the highest level of salinity. Effect of water source on turf quality was attributed to salinity-induced changes in quality parameters, including leaf texture, color, stolon growth, and shoot yield. The observed effect of salinity on quality parameters likely resulted from osmotic stress associated with high levels of salinity. The salt tolerance of ‘SeaDwarf’ seashore paspalum in this study was moderately good, but irrigating it with water having lower levels of salinity resulted in better quality turf.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Cultivars to Preemergence Herbicides

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract The efficacy of preemergence herbicides among seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) cultivars used for summer annual weed control is limited. No differences were found in turfgrass tolerance among four paspalum cultivars from preemergence herbicides during 1996 and 1997 at Griffin, GA. The tolerance of paspalum turfgrass was good when treated with Ronstar (oxadiazon) at rates ≤ 10.1 kg/ha (9.0 lb/A), pendimethalin (various trade names, water-dispersible granules) or Barricade (prodiamine) at recommended rates [3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and 0.8 kg/ha (0.7 lb/A), respectively]. When rates of these herbicides were increased to three times recommended, 15% injury was noted. During May 1996, Dimension (dithiopyr) injured the turf 12% when applied at the normal rate [0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A)], but the injury was 35% in plots treated with three times recommended. Dimension did not cause any injury in 1997. Surflan (oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and XL (benefin + oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) caused a maximum of 26% and 20% injury, respectively, when applied at the recommended rates. Maximum injury ranged from 48% for Surflan and 38% for XL when applied to plots at the three times recommended. The quality of PI 509018-1, SIPV-2, and AP-10 was generally higher than Adalayd from early spring until late August both years.

scholarly journals Wear Tolerance, Growth, and Quality of Seashore Paspalum in Response to Nitrogen and Potassium

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Trenholm ◽  
R.N. Carrow ◽  
R.R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Athletic Field ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Wear Tolerance

Damage from traffic can seriously injure athletic field turfgrass, although fertility regimes can influence wear tolerance. While excess nitrogen (N) can reduce wear tolerance, moderate N has improved tolerance and hastened recovery from injury. Potassium (K) may enhance wear tolerance through regulation of turgor potential. This research was undertaken to determine shoot growth and wear tolerance of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) to N and K application. Field studies were conducted in 1998 at the Univ. of Georgia Experiment Station, Griffin. Grasses were established on U.S. Golf Association specification greens in 1996. Fertility treatments were applied at annual N rates of 196 and 392 kg·ha-1 and K rates of 92 and 392 kg·ha-1. The higher N rate increased wear tolerance, shoot growth, shoot density, visual quality, and color of the two ecotypes, AP 10 and AP 14, but reduced their visible range spectral reflectance, indicating greater absorption of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Measured responses to K were minimal and no enhancement of wear tolerance in response to K treatment was noted.

Tolerance of Four Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Cultivars to Postemergence Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

A field study was conducted on tolerance of four seashore paspalum cultivars to postemergence (POST) herbicides in Georgia during 1995 and 1996. Quinclorac (0.8 kg/ha) and MON 12000 (0.07 kg/ha) at recommended rates were the only POST herbicides that did not affect the performance of any seashore paspalum cultivar (≥ 89%). When the rates were increased to three times recommended, the quality of ‘AP 10’ (≥ 96%) and ‘PI 28960’ (93%) cultivars was not affected, but the quality of ‘HI 25’ (≥ 84%) and ‘K-7’ (77%) was lower when compared with respective untreated plots. HI 25 recovered within 4 wk, but K-7 required 6 wk or longer. Dicamba at 1.7 kg/ha affected the quality of K-7 (69%) more at 2 wk than the other cultivars (85 to 92%). Diclofop, imazaquin, and 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba significantly reduced the quality of all cultivars 2 wk after treatment (WAT). The quality of all cultivars was similar at 2 WAT with diclofop at 1.1 kg/ha (79 to 84%). However, when treated with imazaquin at 0.4 kg/ha, the quality of K-7 (65%) was lower than AP 10 (85%), HI 25 (77%), and PI 28960 (81%), and when treated with 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba at 1.1 + 0.6 + 0.1 kg/ha, the quality of AP 10 (75%), PI 28960 (72%), and K-7 (57%) was lower than HI 25 (87%). POST applications of quinclorac, dicamba, and MON 12000 were safe to use for weed control in paspalum cultivars, whereas the safety of diclofop and imazaquin was marginal, and 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba was unacceptable.

scholarly journals Long-term Performance of Warm-season Turfgrass Species under Municipal Irrigation Frequency Restrictions

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1221-1225
Author(s):  
Reagan W. Hejl ◽  
Benjamin G. Wherley ◽  
Charles H. Fontanier
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
South Central ◽  
Average Fraction ◽  
Turfgrass Quality

Landscape irrigation frequency restrictions are commonly imposed by water purveyors and municipalities to curtail domestic water use and to ensure adequate water supplies for growing populations during times of drought. Currently, published data are lacking concerning irrigation frequency requirements necessary for sustaining acceptable levels of turfgrass quality of commonly used warm-season turfgrass species. The objective of this 3-year field study was to determine comparative turfgrass quality of drought-resistant cultivars of four warm-season lawn species in the south–central United States under irrigation frequency regimes of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8× monthly. Turfgrasses used in the study were based on previously reported drought resistance and included ‘Riley’s Super Sport’ (Celebration®) bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], ‘Palisades’ zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), ‘Floratam’ st. augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze], and ‘SeaStar’ seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz). During each growing season, slightly reduced irrigation volumes and bypassed events resulted from the 8× monthly treatment (34.95 cm, 38.13 cm, and 27.33 cm) compared with the 4× monthly treatment (35.36 cm, 40.84 cm, and 28.70 cm) in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. For the once weekly treatment, the average fraction of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) supplied by effective rainfall and irrigation during the summer months was 1.22, 0.67, and 0.83 in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and was generally adequate to support acceptable turfgrass quality of all warm-season turfgrasses evaluated. Under the less than weekly irrigation frequency, st. augustinegrass and seashore paspalum generally fell to below acceptable quality levels because the average fraction of ETo supplied by effective rainfall and irrigation during the summer months of years 2 and 3 was 0.51, 0.39, and 0.26 for the 2× monthly, 1× monthly, and unirrigated treatments, respectively. Bermudagrass generally outperformed all other species under the most restrictive irrigation frequencies and also did not differ statistically from zoysiagrass. These results show that as irrigation frequency is restricted to less than once per week, species selection becomes an important consideration.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

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