scholarly journals Study on the organization of water-conservation activities and guiding strategies for urban communities based on public participation in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 538-554
Author(s):  
Binxia Xue ◽  
Tongyu Li ◽  
Xiaohe Hou ◽  
Jiayi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Human Needs

Abstract Water shortages and pollution in China are severe situations caused by rapid economic development and urbanization. The current water-conservation policies focus on implementing new technologies and management strategies at important spatial nodes while neglecting the significance of the response from the community and the public. In this paper, the elements that influence the public participation of water conservation within the community are analyzed and divided into three levels: the internal world elements of the residents, the different individual characters of the residents, and external world elements. Among these three levels, the internal world element level, including the desire to realize oneself, is crucial, as it will significantly strengthen an individual's participation activity once motivated. Based on Maslow's five-level theory of human needs, to establish a model of public participation in water-conservation communities, economic benefits, environmental improvement benefits, and the self-fulfilling satisfaction of participation will become the motivation for the model to function. In a new project, reclaimed water landscapes are established in the community, and eco-recreational activities with water-conservation themes are organized to guide and encourage public participation to foster water-conservation consciousness and to establish aging water-conservation guiding policies and implementation methods in the community.

scholarly journals CRITICAL STRATEGIES FOR CONSTRUCTION PLAYERS IN THE ADOPTION OF BIOPHILIC CITY CONCEPT IN MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairul Zahreen Mohd Arof ◽  
Syuhaida Ismail ◽  
Chitdrakantan Subramaniam ◽  
Shamila Azman ◽  
Wan Nurul Mardiah Wan Mohd Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Effective Water ◽  
Green City

Around 2.5 billion individuals will be living in urban areas by 2050. Two out of three individuals are going to live in urban communities or other urban focuses, featuring sustainable urban planning and public services. A biophilic city concept which is a sister term of the green city innately affiliates human being to other living organisms. Apart from adhering to human needs, the concept is the economical among other green city concepts. However, biophilic city concept is still an alien term to construction players and the public. The paper aims to propose and evaluate the critical strategies for construction players in the adoption of the biophilic city concept in Malaysia. 173 respondents consisting of government agencies, developers, consultants and contractors were involved in a questionnaire survey. 81 out of 107 strategies were accepted as the critical strategies in adopting the biophilic city concept. Among the strongest strategies are (1) effective water conservation in biophilic city project; (2) acknowledging biophilic city concept adoption publicly; and (3) adequate material resource availability for the biophilic city project. These strategies fall under three different items, namely; (1) sustainability in the biophilic city project; (2) awards and recognition for biophilic city concept adoption; and (3) organisation in the biophilic city project, respectively. Commitment of all construction players are crucial crucial towards inclusive, sustainable urban planning and public services.

scholarly journals Public participation in planning in the Egyptian context

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Somaya Aboelnaga
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Societal Needs ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Different Levels

Public participation is a critical aspect in the planning, also spatial planning. Its role is changing dramatically as it is present not only in social development but also tackles issues connected with cultural, educational. The most important element in participation is the will to do it – to engage in the process of planning the of life, of new urban communities, and how it is taking place in the planning process at different levels/ scales. There is a need to strengthen the public participation in the Egyptian context. Consequently, there are many cases in public participation related to the different levels (metropolitan, city, action area), connected to urban issues, besides, the sectoral issues related to economic development and societal needs. Thus, there is still a gap between existing national policies and their implementation at local level. The important question is how to achieve the local needs with strategies prepared on upper-level agencies. The main problem, in addition to the environmental issues is the regional disparities, poverty illustrated by low human development index. The research aim is to determine general framework and rules of citizen participation in Egypt by illustrating many cases from Egyptian context, and to examine the process and assess their effectiveness and the paper will end with the policy changes.

scholarly journals Water quota system in China: problems and countermeasures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Zhao ◽  
Hongrui Wang ◽  
Shuxin Gong ◽  
Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Data Validity

Abstract Water resources are the foundation of economic development, social progress and ecological security, and water shortage is the primary problem facing China. Water quotas have great practical significance for the resolution of water shortages to achieve sustainable use of water resources and sustainable development of the national economy. In this study, to analyse the problems and countermeasures of the water quota system in China, the water quota system progress domestically and abroad, the water quotas problem in China, and the countermeasures for the water quota problem are summarized. The data validity test, spatial correlation test and consistency test are used to test the rationality of water use quota. And the specific countermeasures are presented: improving the water quota system, defining its concept, and revising its scheme, etc. This study provides the support to standardize water quotas and implement the effective water conservation policies of China.

scholarly journals WATER CONSERVATION IN DESERT CITIES: FROM THE SOCIOECOLOGICAL FIX TO GESTURES OF ENDURANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIAN F. O’NEILL ◽  
ANNE-LISE BOYER
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Urban Political Ecology ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
The Moment

Abstract Urban water provision is the archetypal case for the recent wave of urban political ecology, using the concept of “fix” to illustrate belief in technical forms to solve socioecological problems like uneven water distribution and environmental degradation. On the one hand, this paper shows that the risks of water shortages in Arizona, USA are a technical concern. Professionals are dedicated to the promotion of water conservation to “fix” a dysfunctional hydro-social cycle. Yet, environmental organizations raise a critical approach to this “hydrocracy”. They defend local water supplies, river regeneration, and reuse as promoting a low water-use “desert lifestyle”. Building on the intellectual history of “fixes”, we apply Giorgio Agamben’s concept of “gesture”, signaling how, in places of deep water scarcity, water conservation policies remain within notions of growth, such that pauses in water availability leave open future promises of resource abundance so the moment of scarcity can be endured.

NEW FORMS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : REVIEW OF FOREIGN STUDIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-24
Author(s):  
Maria Bulavinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Technical Issues

In the 21st century, the relationship between science and society takes on a new character. Today, public participation is required not only in the discussion and decision-making concerning important scientific and technical issues, but also in the production of innovations and scientific knowledge. Citizens and the public are seen as important participants in the research process and consumers of new technologies. In this regard, new forms of involving non-specialists in joint research projects are emerging. This is largely facilitated by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, which greatly simplify and expand the interaction of scientists and volunteers. Citizen Science projects cover all areas of science and serve as an important complement to scientific research.

Water, Water Everywhere (or, Seeing Is Believing): The Visibility of Water Supply and the Public Will for Conservation

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Pride Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Visual Impacts ◽  
Motivating Factor

Why do some arid locations persist in having weak water conservation policies? And why do some wetter locales implement comparatively strong conservation requirements? Based upon 43 qualitative interviews with water stakeholders in four selected cities (Atlanta, Phoenix, San Antonio, Tampa), this article puts forward one contributing factor to explain this apparent contradiction: the variable “visibility” of stressed water resources. The material conditions of different water sources (e.g., groundwater, surface water) and geologies (i.e., during droughts or during flooding) provide variable opportunities to “see” water scarcity. The visual impacts of shrinking water resources can become a major motivating factor in the general public for increased water conservation. However, water supply is often physically invisible. In these circumstances, the image of water supply may be intentionally conjured in the public mind to produce similar concern. Assured, steady supply, on the other hand, can dampen the public will for strong conservation policy.

‘Ethical’ artificial intelligence in the welfare state: Discourse and discrepancy in Australian social services

2021 ◽  
pp. 026101832098546
Author(s):  
Alexandra James ◽  
Andrew Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Service Delivery ◽  
New Public

In recent years, a discourse of ‘ethical artificial intelligence’ has emerged and gained international traction in response to widely publicised AI failures. In Australia, the discourse around ethical AI does not accord with the reality of AI deployment in the public sector. Drawing on institutional ethnographic approaches, this paper describes the misalignments between how technology is described in government documentation, and how it is deployed in social service delivery. We argue that the propagation of ethical principles legitimates established new public management strategies, and pre-empts questions regarding the efficacy of AI development; instead positioning implementation as inevitable and, provided an ethical framework is adopted, laudable. The ethical AI discourse acknowledges, and ostensibly seeks to move past, widely reported administrative failures involving new technologies. In actuality, this discourse works to make AI implementation a reality, ethical or not.

scholarly journals Social sensing system for water conservation project: a case study of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project in China

Water Policy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-691
Author(s):  
Dongcheng Zhang ◽  
Maoshan Qiang ◽  
Hanchen Jiang ◽  
Qi Wen ◽  
Nan An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
North Water ◽  
Conservation Projects

Abstract Public participation in water conservation projects is gaining more and more attention in the information era. Public opinion, showing the focus and interests of the public, is the basis of public participation. This paper proposes a social sensing system based on social media platforms, which employs two natural language processing technologies, namely, sentiment analysis and topic modeling. The public opinion on water conservation projects is monitored from three perspectives: public opinion intensity (POI) monitoring, topic detection, and sentiment analysis. To test their effectiveness, a case study on the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) in China is conducted. The public opinion data were acquired from Sina Weibo, China's largest social media platform. The results indicate that: (1) POI peaks when hot project-related events occur, and POI of direct stakeholders apparently exceeds indirect stakeholders; (2) different stakeholders have different topics of concern closely associated with their interests; (3) negative events always lead to dramatic decreases in the sentiment value (SV), while positive events only slightly lift SV. The proposed system has achieved real-time monitoring of the public opinion on water conservation projects. Consequently, it can help to improve the level of public participation and provide a valuable reference in project management and policy-making.

scholarly journals Research on Wuhan Sponge City Construction and Water Resumption System

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Hongmin Li ◽  
Lu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sponge City ◽  
The Public ◽  
Landscape Reconstruction ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Residential Quarters

Pocket parks are small public spaces between building entities which are available to the public. It can be located in a city, suburb, or country. It has a small area and is relatively flexible. According to the characteristics of China's cities, this article puts forward methods and measures for the landscape reconstruction design of existing urban communities in China. The thesis takes a Residential area of a certain district in Wuhan as a design case. It discusses how to combine the landscape design of the existing community with the rainwater problem, the goals, principles and measures of the landscape reconstruction design of the existing community based on the sponge city concept are proposed. Using rainwater as a resource to collect, purify, store, and recycle, alleviate water shortages and urban flood disasters, and it summarizes the methods and strategies for landscape reconstruction design of existing communities. Finally, according to the problems in the residential area and the actual needs of residents, combined with the current conditions of the site, following the design principles of people-oriented and local conditions, the use of sponge city technology measures on the green landscape, roads and parking lots, rooftop landscape of underground garages, plants Matching and other specific reconstruction designs provide theoretical and design references for the application of the "sponge city" concept in the design of urban residential quarters.

scholarly journals Transitions to freshwater sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (36) ◽  
pp. 8863-8871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Gleick
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Environmental Transitions ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Water Issues

Fundamental transitions in natural resources technologies, institutions, and management approaches are often difficult to see in advance, or even in the midst, of actual changes. Such a transformation now appears to be underway for freshwater resources, driven by increasingly severe water-related crises around the world. These include mismatches between supply and demand; the continued failure to meet basic human needs for water and sanitation; expanding ecological degradation due to extraction of water from natural systems and human-caused climate changes; the development of new technologies for using, treating, monitoring, and reporting on water use; new conceptual work; and growing attention given to water issues by the public and scientific communities. Similar transitions, with additional implications for water, also appear to be underway in the energy and climate fields. For such transitions to be successful, it is important to understand what drives deep changes in the perceptions, management, and use of natural resources; the factors that encourage or discourage changes; and whether strategies can be developed to improve and accelerate those changes that lead to social, economic, and environmental sustainability goals. This paper addresses the concept of resource or environmental transitions in the context of freshwater; reviews theories, data, and frameworks for identifying and analyzing transitions; offers some examples; and identifies key policies to help manage effective and successful transitions.

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