scholarly journals Drinking water treatment and chemical well clogging by iron(II) oxidation and hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) precipitation

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-437
Author(s):  
C. G. E. M. van Beek ◽  
C. H. M. Hofman-Caris ◽  
G. J. Zweere
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ferric Oxide ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Hydrous Ferric Oxide ◽  
Biological Oxidation ◽  
Homogeneous Oxidation ◽  
Well Clogging

Abstract Removal of iron(II) from groundwater by aeration and rapid sand filtration (RSF) with the accompanying production of drinking water sludge in the preparation of drinking water from groundwater, and chemical well clogging by accumulation of hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) precipitates and biomass after mixing of oxygen containing and of iron(II) containing groundwater, are identical processes. Iron(II) may precipitate from (ground)water by homogeneous, heterogeneous and/or biological oxidation, where the contribution of these processes, and thus the characteristics of the corresponding HFO precipitates, is a function of pH and process-conditions. Under current conditions in drinking water treatment, homogeneous oxidation dominates above pH ≈ 7.75, and heterogeneous and biological oxidation below this value. In chemical well clogging, this transition occurs at pH ≈ 7.0. This information is relevant for the optimization of removal of iron(II) from groundwater by aeration and RSF and the corresponding quality of the produced drinking water sludge, and for the operation of wells clogging by accumulation of HFO precipitates and biomass.

scholarly journals Designing The Improvement of SPAM UNS Water Dispenser Service Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Yosua Natalianto ◽  
Eko Pujiyanto ◽  
Wahyudi Sutopo
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Water Treatment System

SPAM (Sistem Pengolahan Air Minum or Drinking Water Treatment System) UNS was established in 2015 to meet the drinking water needs of the UNS academic community by providing 129 dispensers and water tap machines spread across buildings at UNS. A survey conducted by UNS students in 2017 showed that 54 % of students were not sure of the quality of UNS SPAM water. So the service quality questionnaire was distributed to 160 UNS students randomly and it was found that only 3 % of respondents stated that they used SPAM UNS water dispenser very often. Processing results shown the highest gap value is in the reliability dimension, with CTS namely cleanliness and flow of water. From the survey regarding the cleanliness and flow of the water carried out the DPMO value of the process was 332,589 (1, 930 sigma) . Recommendations for improvement are in the form of several SOPs to improve the cleanliness and quality of SPAM UNS water dispenser services.

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

Adequacy analysis of drinking water treatment technologies in regard to the parameter turbidity, considering the quality of natural waters treated by large-scale WTPs in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 191 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Duarte Ventura Melo ◽  
Elizângela Pinheiro da Costa ◽  
Carolina Cristiane Pinto ◽  
Gabriela Rodrigues Barroso ◽  
Sílvia Corrêa Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

A concept for an integrative consideration of the drinking water and wastewater/sewage management

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bjørnsen ◽  
Rolf Gimbel ◽  
Hans-Dieter Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Physical And Chemical

To guarantee drinking water of high quality not only the drinking water treatment must be of high standards but also the quality of water resources should be the best possible. Therefore, pollution control and pollution risk management in the catchment areas of water resources are important parts of an overall water management concept. This includes the assessment of physical and chemical parameters as well as bacteriological parameters, especially hygienic parameters. A concept for an integrative consideration of drinking water treatment and quality management of water resources is presented.

scholarly journals Does the recycling of waste streams from drinking water treatment plants worsen the quality of finished water? A case assessment in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 597-605
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Yongpeng Xu ◽  
Xuewei Yang ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Qihao Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Filter Backwash Water

The overall purpose was to assess the feasibilities of recycling filter backwash water (FBWW) and combined filter backwash water (CFBWW) in a drinking water treatment plant in south China. The variations of regular water-quality indexes, metal indexes (Al, Mn and Cd), polyacrylamide and disinfection by-product indexes (trihalomethanes and their formation potentials) along with the treatment and the recycling processes were monitored. Results showed the recycling procedure caused increases of turbidity, total solids, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), permanganate index (CODMn), and dissolved organic carbon, Al, Mn and Cd concentrations in a mixture of raw water and FBWW or CFBWW compared to those in raw water. However, the recycling procedure had negligible impacts on the qualities of settled water and filtered water because most of the contaminants could be effectively removed by the conventional water treatment process. Although recycling did cause slight increases of NH3-N and CODMn levels in settled water and filtered water, the quality of finished water always conformed to Chinese standards for drinking water quality according to the surveyed indexes in the present study. Thus, it is appropriate to recycle waste streams in water-stressed areas if the source water is well managed and the water treatment processes are carefully conducted.

Study on the Micro-Polluted Water Treatment by GAC-UF

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 2049-2052
Author(s):  
Jin Long Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Total Removal ◽  
Water Treatment Process

Nowadays drinking water resource has been polluted, while the conventional treatment process cannot effectively remove polluted matters. In order to tackle this problem, the granular activated carbon (GAC) and ultrafiltration membrane (UF) were introduced into drinking water treatment process. The results revealed that when treat the micro-polluted water the effluent water quality of turbidity, permanganate index and color can reach 0.1NTU, 1.3mg/L-2.3mg/L and 5 degree respectively with GAC-UF process. And the total removal efficiency of turbidity, permanganate index and color can reach 98%-99%, 70%~75% and 60% respectively. The GAC can effectively remove organic matters, while the UF membrane can effectively remove suspended solids, colloids. The GAC-UF combined process can get a good water quality when treat the micro-polluted water.

scholarly journals Energy use in water purification as criterion for selecting drinking water treatment technologies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Quality of produced water is usually the criterion for selecting between different desalination technologies for turning seawater into drinking water. However, contemporary trend in drinking water treatment sees a convergence between different technologies for the same water quality. Hence, how do different desalination technologies differentiate amongst each other? Awareness of climate change impact as well as price of produced water, energy use per unit of treated water is an oft-used criterion for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of different desalination technologies. Specifically, comparing multi-effect flash evaporation and reverse osmosis, the latter enjoys a significant energy use advantage given the lack of the need for converting water into the vapor phase as in multi-effect flash evaporation. Thus, energy used in producing drinking water is significantly higher in multi-effect flash evaporation compared to the high pressure process of reverse osmosis. From the operation perspective, reverse osmosis also benefits from its ability to scale linearly in increasing water production capacity through addition of extra membrane modules, which is not the case for multi-effect flash evaporation where a new distillation column is required for significant increase in production capacity. Collectively, with the same quality of water produced by different desalination technologies, comparison between different technologies increasingly relies on the energy use per unit of produced water. Using this criterion, reverse osmosis membrane desalination has a significant advantage relative to multi-effect flash evaporation in energy cost, which translates to a lower price of produced water.

scholarly journals Driving Factors of Geosmin Appearance in a Mediterranean River Basin: The Ter River Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Espinosa ◽  
Meritxell Abril ◽  
Èlia Bretxa ◽  
Marta Jutglar ◽  
Sergio Ponsá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Mediterranean River

In recent decades, human activity coupled with climate change has led to a deterioration in the quality of surface freshwater. This has been related to an increase in the appearance of algal blooms, which can produce organic compounds that can be toxic or can affect the organoleptic characteristics of the water, such as its taste and odor. Among these latter compounds is geosmin, a metabolite produced by certain cyanobacteria that confers an earthy taste to water and which can be detected by humans at very low concentrations (nanogram per liter). The difficulty and cost of both monitoring the presence of this compound and its treatment is a problem for drinking water treatment companies, as the appearance of geosmin affects consumer confidence in the quality of the drinking water they supply. In this field study, the evaluation of four sampling sites with different physicochemical conditions located in the upper part of the Ter River basin, a Mediterranean river located in Catalonia (NE Spain), has been carried out, with the aim of identifying the main triggers of geosmin episodes. The results, obtained from 1 year of sampling, have made it possible to find out that: (i) land uses with a higher percentage of agricultural and industrial activity are related to high nutrient conditions in river water, (ii) these higher nutrient concentrations favor the development of benthic cyanobacteria, (iii) in late winter–early spring, when these cyanobacteria are subjected to both an imbalance of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus ratio, guided by a phosphorus concentration increase, and to cold–mild temperatures close to 10°C, they produce and release geosmin, and (iv) 1–2 weeks after cyanobacteria reach a high relative presence in the whole biofilm, an increase in geosmin concentration in water is observed, probably associated with the cyanobacteria detachment from cobbles and consequent cell lysis. These results could serve as a guide for drinking water treatment companies, indicating under what conditions they can expect the appearance of geosmin episodes and implement the appropriate treatment before it reaches consumers’ tap.

scholarly journals Energy use in water purification as criterion for selecting drinking water treatment technologies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfa Ng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Flash Evaporation ◽  
Quality Of Water

Quality of produced water is usually the criterion for selecting between different desalination technologies for turning seawater into drinking water. However, contemporary trend in drinking water treatment sees a convergence between different technologies for the same water quality. Hence, how do different desalination technologies differentiate amongst each other? Awareness of climate change impact as well as price of produced water, energy use per unit of treated water is an oft-used criterion for assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of different desalination technologies. Specifically, comparing multi-effect flash evaporation and reverse osmosis, the latter enjoys a significant energy use advantage given the lack of the need for converting water into the vapor phase as in multi-effect flash evaporation. Thus, energy used in producing drinking water is significantly higher in multi-effect flash evaporation compared to the high pressure process of reverse osmosis. From the operation perspective, reverse osmosis also benefits from its ability to scale linearly in increasing water production capacity through addition of extra membrane modules, which is not the case for multi-effect flash evaporation where a new distillation column is required for significant increase in production capacity. Collectively, with the same quality of water produced by different desalination technologies, comparison between different technologies increasingly relies on the energy use per unit of produced water. Using this criterion, reverse osmosis membrane desalination has a significant advantage relative to multi-effect flash evaporation in energy cost, which translates to a lower price of produced water.

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