scholarly journals Multisectoral approach to nutrition in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
The World ◽  
Childhood Stunting ◽  
Height For Age

Abstract The under-five stunting rate in Pakistan is one of the highest in the world despite rapid decline in poverty and open defecation over the years. To identify the determinants of childhood stunting in Pakistan, this study used a parsimonious regression model to quantitatively apply the UNICEF multisectoral nutrition framework to Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey 2012–13 data. The econometric analysis shows that simultaneous improvements in determinants of nutrition are more likely to reduce malnutrition in Pakistan compared to improvements in individual components. Adequacies in ‘food only’ and ‘health only’ are the strongest determinants of height-for-age while adequacy in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (Environment) alone does not have a robust relationship with height-for-age. Food has a much stronger and more robust correlation with height-for-age when it is combined with Environment. Under Adequacy Definition 1, children with access to all four dimensions are significantly taller than others. The results show that multisectoral interventions are more likely to be successful in reducing malnutrition as compared to isolated interventions targeting one of the determinants of malnutrition; this is especially true for interventions in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and determinants of childhood stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia: evidence from the 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delelegn Emwodew ◽  
Binyam Tariku ◽  
Getanew Aschalew ◽  
Elias Seid ◽  
Samuel Hailegebreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
The World ◽  
Childhood Stunting

Abstract Background: Childhood stunting is a major challenge to the growth and development of nations by affecting millions of children across the world. Although Ethiopia has made steady progress in reducing stunting, the prevalence of stunting is still one of the highest in the world. This study aims to investigate the spatial variation and factors associated with childhood stunting in Ethiopia.Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (EMDHS). A total of 4,971 children aged 0–59 months were included in the analysis. The Getis-Ord statistics tool has been used to identify areas with high and low hotspots of stunting. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with stunting.Results: The prevalence of stunting was found to be 36.86% in Ethiopian under-five children. Statistically significant hotspots of stunting were found in northern parts of Ethiopia. Both individual and community-level factors determined the odds childhood stunting among under-five children. Children in the age group between 24–35 months were more likely to be stunted than children whose age was less than one year [AOR = 3.74; 95 % CI: (3.04–4.59)]. Children with mothers who had completed higher education had lower odds of being stunted compared to children whose mothers had no formal education [AOR = 0.55; 95%CI: (0.38–0.82)]. Children from the poorest wealth quintile had higher odds of being stunted compared to children from the richest wealth quintiles [AOR = 2; 95 % CI: (1.46–2.73)]. Children living in Tigray (AOR =3.64; 95 % CI: 2.17–6.11), Afar (AOR 2.02; 95 % CI 1.19-3.39), Amhara (AOR =2.29; 95 % CI: 1.37–3.86), Benishangul Gumz (AOR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.10-3.17) and Harari (AOR=1.95; 95% CI: 1.17-3.25) regions were more likely to be stunted compared to children living in Addis Ababa.Conclusion: This study showed that both individual and community-level factors were significant predictors of childhood stunting. Improving maternal education, improving the economic status of households, improving age-specific child feeding practice, and providing additional resources to regions with high hotspots of childhood stunting are recommended.

Log-Logistic Proportional Odds Model for Analyzing Infant Mortality in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Most. Fatima-Tuz-Zahura ◽  
Khandoker Akib Mohammad ◽  
Wasimul Bari
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Proportional Odds Model ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Place Of Delivery ◽  
Product Limit ◽  
Parametric Survival ◽  
Relevant Covariates

Log-logistic parametric survival regression model has been used to find out the potential determinants of infant mortality in Bangladesh using the data extracted from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. First, nonparametric product-limit approach has been used to examine the unadjusted association between infant mortality and covariate of interest. It is found that maternal education, membership of nongovernmental organizations, age of mother at birth, sex of child, size of child at birth, and place of delivery play an important role in reducing the infant mortality, adjusting relevant covariates.

scholarly journals Catastrophic Health Expenditure Before and After of the Implementation of Health Sector Evolution Plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razieh Ahmadi ◽  
Milad Shafii ◽  
Hosein Ameri ◽  
Roohollah Askari ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Survey ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
The World

Objective: Methods: The data was collected through face-to-face interview during a single visit. The World Health Survey (WHS) questionnaire was completed by 400 households. The relationships between CHE and variables were examined by the Fisher exact tests, and the impacts of variables on CHE were assessed by logistic regression model. Methods: The data was collected through face-to-face interview during a single visit. The World Health Survey (WHS) questionnaire was completed by 400 households. The relationships between CHE and variables were examined by the Fisher exact tests, and the impacts of variables on CHE were assessed by logistic regression model. Results: The exposure of the households to CHE increased from 8.2% in 2011 to 14.25% in 2020, and percentage of the impoverished households due to health expenditures in 2020 was more than that in 2011(4.3% vs. 7.5%). The economic status, dental services and inpatients services were the key factor determining CHE. The most important determinant affecting the exposure to CHE was dental service utilization in 2011(92.64) and 2020(122.68). Conclusion: The results showed a negative incremental change for the households facing CHE in this period. The dental and inpatients services, as well as the presence of member ≥65 years and economic status were the key determining factors for CHE. The services need to be more widely covered by the basic health insurance and households having members ≥65 years and the poor households should be exempted from paying some of the healthcare expenditures for improving financial protection against CHE.

scholarly journals Determinants of full childhood immunization among children aged 12–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis using Demographic and Health Survey Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Setegn Muche Fenta ◽  
Hailegebrael Birhan Biresaw ◽  
Kenaw Derebe Fentaw ◽  
Shewayiref Geremew Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the highest under-five mortality and low childhood immunization region in the world. Children in Sub-Saharan Africa are 15 times more likely to die than children from high-income countries. In sub-Saharan Africa, more than half of under-five deaths are preventable through immunization. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of full childhood immunization among children aged 12–23 months in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Data for the study was drawn from the Demographic and Health Survey of nine sub-Saharan African countries. A total of 21,448 children were included. The two-level mixed-effects logistic regression model was used to identify the individual and community-level factors associated with full childhood immunization Result The prevalence of full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa countries was 59.40% (95% CI: 58.70, 60.02). The multilevel logistic regression model revealed that secondary and above maternal education (AOR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.25, 1.53), health facility delivery (AOR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.41, 1.63), fathers secondary education and above (AOR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.11, 1.48), four and above ANC visits (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.30), PNC visit(AOR = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.46, 1.65), rich wealth index (AOR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.18, 1.40), media exposure (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.18), and distance to health facility is not a big problem (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.47) were significantly associated with full childhood immunization. Conclusion The full childhood immunization coverage in sub-Saharan Africa was poor with high inequalities. There is a significant variation between SSA countries in full childhood immunization. Therefore, public health programs targeting uneducated mothers and fathers, rural mothers, poor households, and those who have not used maternal health care services to promote full childhood immunization to improve child health. By enhancing institutional delivery, antenatal care visits and maternal tetanus immunization, the government and other stakeholders should work properly to increase child immunization coverage. Furthermore, policies and programs aimed at addressing cluster variations in childhood immunization need to be formulated and their implementation must be strongly pursued.

scholarly journals Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) Pada Anak Usia Dini Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 di Paud Kemuning Jaya Bandar Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1529
Author(s):  
Linawati Novikasari ◽  
Ruspa Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Healthy Living ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
The World

ABSTRAK PHBS merupakan satu pilar utama“ Indonesia Sehat” Sikap PHBS berarti sanggup memelihara, tingkatkan serta melindungi kesehatan dari penyakit serta area yang tidak kondusif buat hidup sehat. Virus Covid-  19 yang diakibatkan oleh Serve Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS- CoV- 2) sudah memunculkan kepanikan di segala dunia, tercantum Indonesia. Penyebaran Virus ini bisa dihindari dengan mempraktikkan pola hidup bersih serta sehat( PHBS), semacam cuci tangan yang benar, etika batuk, dan melindungi kesehatan serta energy tahan badan. Hasil Survei Demografi serta Kesehatan Indonesia menampilkan kalau 93% penduduk Indonesia telah terbiasa cuci tangan dengan sabun serta air mengalir. Sisanya warga Indonesia Cuma cuci tangan dengan air serta deterjen, bukan sabun. Tujuan sehabis penyuluhan kesehatan pendek, diharapkan kanak- kanak dapat tingkatkan pengetahuan serta keahlian dalam penangkalan Covid- 19 dengan gerakan PHBS dirumah ataupun disekolah. Adapula aktivitas yang dicoba berbentuk penyuluhan kesehatan mengenakan lembar balik serta leaflet. Setelah dilakukan penyuluhan ada kenaikan pengetahuan sebanyak 80%  tentang gerakan PHBS selaku penanganan Covid- 19 pada partisipan di Paud Kemuning jaya. Kata Kunci : PHBS,.Anak Usia dini,.Covid-19.                                                                                                ABSTRACT PHBS is one of the main pillars of “Healthy Indonesia” PHBS attitude means being able to maintain, improve and protect health from disease and areas that are not conducive to healthy living. The Covid-19 virus caused by the Serve Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused panic all over the world, including Indonesia. The spread of this virus can be avoided by practicing a clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS), such as proper handwashing, cough etiquette, and protecting the health and immune energy. The results of the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey show that 93% of Indonesians are accustomed to washing their hands with soap and running water. The rest of the Indonesians only wash their hands with water and detergent, not soap. The goal after short health counseling is hoped that children can increase their knowledge and skills in preventing Covid-19 with the PHBS movement at home or at school. There are also activities that are tried in the form of health education using flipcharts and leaflets. After the counseling was carried out, there was an 80% increase in knowledge about the PHBS movement as the handling of Covid-19 among participants at Paud Kemuning Jaya. Keywords: PHBS, Early Childhood, Covid-19.

Women’s Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence in Ethiopia: The Role of Social Norms in the Interview Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1016-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlie D. Trott ◽  
Jennifer J. Harman ◽  
Michelle R. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
The World ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Interview Methodology

This study draws on a social norms framework to examine the influence of interview context—specifically the presence of other women and men—on women’s reported attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) in Ethiopia, where IPV rates are among the highest in the world. The sample (16,515 women, ages 15-49) was taken from Ethiopia’s 2011 Demographic and Health Survey. Results showed the odds of women “justifying” IPV to be nearly twice as great when other women were present during the interview, and nearly half in the presence of men. Implications for more sensitive interview methodology are discussed.

scholarly journals Identification of Associated Factors and Prediction for the Level of Intimate Partner Violence against Women in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niroshan Withanage ◽  
Sithara Wijekoon
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Demographic And Health Survey ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Violence Index

Intimate partner violence (IPV) can be defined as a serious social problem rapidly increasing in Sri Lanka as same as in other countries in the world. The Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey (SLDHS) 2016 revealed that 17% of married women age 15-49 in Sri Lanka have become victims of IPV. The objectives of this study were to determine the factors associated with IPV against women in Sri Lanka and to develop an appropriate regression model and feedforward neural network (FNN) to predict the Violence Index which describes the level of IPV against women in the country. The data records of 2494 ever-married women that have experienced IPV were considered from Sri Lanka Demographic and Health Survey 2016. The Violence Index was estimated using Multiple Correspondence Analysis. Gamma regression analysis revealed that religion, education level of the woman, husband’s occupation, woman’s married time, the age difference between husband and wife, Empowerment Indicator, enough money for daily household expenses, and household alcohol consumption were significantly associated with IPV against women. The optimum FNN consists of one hidden layer with 3 neurons provided a better prediction on the Violence Index with the minimum mean squared error for the testing set. Based on the prediction accuracy, the FNN was found to be better than the gamma regression model. The findings of this study would support an effort to develop the current policies and implement prevention programs against IPV in Sri Lanka.

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