scholarly journals Microbiological water quality of the sacred River Bhagirathi, Garhwal Himalaya, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Rahul Kumar ◽  
Ramesh C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Microbial Density

AbstractWater quality of the sacred River Bhagirathi was evaluated by microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics of water. Monthly water samples were collected from the upper zone (1,158–4,100 m a.s.l.) to lower zone (457–1,158 m a.s.l.) of the river for a period of two years during October, 2013 to September, 2015. The data on microbial density revealed that CFU count was minimum (13,185 CFU. ml−1) in the winter season and maximum (36,410 CFU.ml−1) in the monsoon season, when the degradation of water quality was maximum due to mixing of a large amount of allochthonous materials from the catchment area. No total coliform (TC) and fecal coliform (FC) was found in the water samples from Gaumukh (4,100 m) to Gangotri (3,140 m) during the two-year sampling period due to minimum anthropogenic pressure. However, total coliform and fecal coliform were recorded downstream of Gangotri (TC: 980 and FC: 120) and Harshil (TC: 1,100 and FC: 200). Microbial density was recorded to be high in the lower stretch: Uttarkashi (TC: 2,850 and FC: 860) Tehri (TC: 5,000 and FC: 4,200), and Deoprayag (TC: 3,800 and FC: 2,700). A total of 14 bacterial, four actinomycetes, and 11 fungal species were found in the Bhagirathi River.

Microbiological and physico- chemical assessment of the sacred river Alaknanda, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
R. C. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Habitat Environment

The Alaknanda River is one of the main rivers of Alaknanda sub- system which bubbles out from Alkapuri Glacier. Water quality of the sacred river Alaknanda was evaluated by microbiological and physico- chemical methods. The sampling was undertaken from various sites of lower stretches, including Rudraprayag (530 m a.s.l.), Srinagar (560 m a.s.l.) and Deoprayag upstream (457 m a.s.l.) on the river Alaknanda. A perusal of the data revealed that total viable count (CFU.ml-1) was recorded minimum (25,850 CFU.ml-1) in winter season and then it increased during summer (45,730 CFU.ml-1) and attained peak (56,110 CFU.ml-1) during monsoon season, when the maximum degradation in the water quality was observed. Due to the onset of autumn and winter seasons, the quality of water improved substantially and the density of the bacteria decreased (32,120 CFU.ml-1) significantly during autumn from the monsoon season. It is revealed that the myriad of physico- chemical environmental variables and nutrient load from various sources in the habitat environment are responsible for density and diversity in the sacred river Alakanda.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY IN THE PRUT RIVER IN THE UPPER REACHES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
B. Boychuk ◽  
A. Kuzyk ◽  
L. Sysa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Index ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
Prut River

Abstract. Summarizing the scientific publications and production reports of enterprises that studied the environmental status of the Prut River in the last decades, as well as relevant reports in the periodical press and other media, it has been found that the quality of its water in the upper reaches is significantly deteriorating. The purpose of this article was to assess the quality of water in the Prut River in the upper flow according to various methods (including the complex of environmental indexes) to determine the degree of its pollution. The article presents the results of calculations of the complex ecological index (Ie) for assessing the water quality of the Prut river in the vicinity of the city of Yaremche. To establish sources of pollution of this river, an experimental study of the physical and chemical parameters of its water was carried out. A series of water samples from the Prut River in the area from the village Dora (suburb of Yaremche). upstream to the village Tatariv is studied laboratoryally. Samples were selected at six points of observation. The studies were conducted in two seasons: fall (september) and winter (january). The main pollutants and their concentrations in the selected samples are determined. Modern laboratory techniques and equipment are used for laboratory research. On the basis of laboratory examination of water samples from the river Prut in the upper reaches (the outskirts of the city of Yaremche) it was established that the water in this area is sufficiently clean; excess MPC value is not observed. An exception may be only a sample of water within the city of Yaremche, where there are increased concentrations of phosphates. It is also shown that winter water samples contain slightly more pollutants (including biogenic ions) than autumn. These facts may also be partly explained by the increase in airborne acid oxide emissions and their interaction with river water. According to the results of calculating the complex ecological index it was established that the Prut River water in the studied area belongs to the 2nd class of quality (the state is good). Separate samples from the control section within the city of Yaremche showed an increased value of the complex ecological index (Ie is 3.21 and 3.36 for the summer and winter series, respectively). The reason for this increase in the index is the pollution of the Prut River in the studied area due to the increase in anthropogenic pressure on it over the past years.

scholarly journals Determination of Microbiological Pollution Level of Lake Van and Lake Erçek Situated within the Borders of Van Province

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elif Aydın ◽  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
Hüseyin Güdücüoğlu ◽  
Yasemin Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Lake Van ◽  
Quality Regulation ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Microbiological Pollution ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Objective: Lake Van is one of the most important recreation areas of the region. Investigation of microbiological pollution of Lake Van is very important for public health. The aim of this study is to assess the microbiological pollution and determine water quality of the lakes Van and Erçek situated within Van Province, which are used for swimming and recreation to protect both human and environmental health. For this purpose, the presence of fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococci were investigated in samples taken from 29 different points of the lakes. Method: Between June and September 2015, 232 water samples were taken from predefined 29 points, every two weeks, and sent to the Public Health Laboratory of Van Province in 300-500 mL sterile plastic bottles in accordance with Bathing Water Quality Regulation (76/160 / EU: add-on clause 5. Membrane filtration method was used to analyze the samples for coliform bacilli and enterococci. Mandatory values according to bathing water quality regulation were taken as 2000 cfu/100 ml,10000 cfu/100 ml and 1000 cfu/100 ml for fecal coliform, total coliform and enterococcus, respectively. Results: In 196 (84%) of 232 water samples collected, no bacterial contamination was found, while 36 (16%) samples were found contaminated with fecal coliform, total coliform and Enterococcus species. At least one or more specimens of poor quality water were detected in 17 of 29 sampled beaches. Conclusion: It was envisaged to take precautions by restricting the use of the places where microbiological pollution was detected. In addition, regular analyzes are important for public health.

Spatial And Seasonal Variation For Water Quality Indices of Gomal Zam Dam And Its Tributaries In The South Waziristan District, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Muhammad ◽  
Insha Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract This study investigated the quality of water in the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries, south Waziristan District, Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples were collected from the Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries in the winter and summer seasons (n=24 in each season). Water samples were analyzed for the anions using a multi-parameter analyzer (CONSORT 6030, Belgium) and cations by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS, AAnalyst 700, PerkinElmer). Water characteristics were compared and found within drinking water guidelines set by the world health organization (WHO), except turbidity. Water characteristics were evaluated for the water quality index (WQI) and sodium hazards such as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and sodium percentage (Na%). Based on WQI and sodium hazards, the water of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries were observed as good and in permissible levels for drinking and irrigation water, respectively. The winter season has slightly poor water quality compared to the summer season due to higher contamination. Gibbs’s and Piper's models showed that the water quality of Gomal Zam Dam and its tributaries was mainly characterized by the weathering of bedrocks. The studied water is classified as Na-Cl type and Mg-HCO3 types in the summer and winter seasons, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that geogenic sources of rock weathering are the dominant factor for controlling the water quality of the area.

scholarly journals Drinking Water Quality of Kathmandu Valley

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kamal Koju ◽  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Sujen Man Shrestha ◽  
Prakash Raut
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Who Standards

This research was conducted to analyze drinking water quality of Kathmandu valley. Total 969 water samples (392 from dug wells, 287 from deep boring, 218 from treated water, 46 from tap and 26 from other water sources) received from different places of Kathmandu, Lalitpur and Bhaktapur districts during March 2012 to March 2013. These samples were analyzed for the determination of physical (pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity), chemical (hardness, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, nitrate) and microbiological (total Coliform) parameters. It was found that the temperature and nitrate were within the WHO standards while pH, conductivity, turbidity, chloride, iron, arsenic, ammonia, and Coliform bacteria exceeded the WHO standard guideline. In ground water ( well and Boring), pH, conductivity, hardness, turbidity, iron, arsenic, chloride, ammonia and total Coliform count crossed WHO standards as 5%, 2%, 0.8%, 36%, 51%, 0.1%, 2%, 11% and 86 % respectively. Hardness was within the standard in both  reated and tap water samples. Compared to treated water, pH, arsenic and chloride were within the standard in tap water. The common problematic parameters of different sources of drinking were turbidity, iron, ammonia and conductivity. Coliform bacteria were found in 36% samples of treated water whereas 80% tap water samples were contaminated from Coliform bacteria.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v15i1.12027Nepal Journal of Science and TechnologyVol. 15, No.1 (2014) 115-120

scholarly journals Potential health disaster risks due to Ciliwung River Water quality in DKI Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012094
Author(s):  
RK Apriyadi ◽  
T Winugroho ◽  
IDKK Widana ◽  
A Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Secondary Data Sources ◽  
June July

Abstract DKI Jakarta is one of the provinces with the highest flood risk in Indonesia. 13 rivers divide Jakarta from upstream to downstream, one of which is the Ciliwung River. However, at this time, the Ciliwung River was asked to be one of the dirtiest rivers in the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of physical parameters (TSS), chemical parameters (BOD, COD, Total Phosphate), and microbiological parameters (Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform) in the Ciliwung River, along with the potential health disaster risks from various parameters studied based on literature review. The method used is descriptive quantitative with secondary data sources in the form of monitoring data on the water quality of the Ciliwung River, which was carried out for four periods in April, June, July and August at 21 points spread along with upstream to downstream. The results showed that the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters had passed the specified standard thresholds and had the potential for a public health disaster due to exposure to organic compounds and microorganisms in the Ciliwung River. Further efforts related to disaster need to be carried out in a Penta helix manner so that disaster risk reduction efforts can be carried out as a whole.

scholarly journals Strategi Peningkatan Kualitas Air Sungai: Studi Kasus Sungai Sani

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Evta Rina Mailisa ◽  
Budi Warsito ◽  
Bambang Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Hierarchy Process ◽  
Test Result

ENGLISHApart from supporting irrigation systems, The Sani River has become a source of raw water for a water treatment company called PDAM Tirta Bening to provide clean water to the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the water quality of the Sani River and formulate priority strategies for improving water quality according to the conditions of the Sani River. This research uses the descriptive-analytic method. Data were obtained from the document of Pati Regency Environmental Service, interviews, field observations, and questionnaires. To determine water quality, this study compared the test result with the water quality standards. Meanwhile, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) became a tool to formulate strategic priorities. The result was TSS in the downstream, BOD, COD, and total phosphate from upstream to downstream, fecal coliform in the middle and downstream, and total coliform in the downstream conditions have exceeded water quality standard. The concentration of Dissolved Oxygen from upstream to downstream was <4 mg/L so it did not comply with the standard. The alternative strategies to improve included increasing community participation, increasing collaboration among stakeholders, supervision and law enforcement, environmental quality monitoring, and river normalization. INDONESIASungai Sani berfungsi dalam irigasi dan sumber air baku untuk PDAM Tirta Bening. Sungai ini termasuk sungai prioritas yang digunakan dalam perhitungan Indeks Kualitas Air Kabupaten Pati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air Sungai Sani dan merumuskan prioritas  strategi peningkatan kualitas air yang sesuai dengan kondisi Sungai Sani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari dokumen hasil uji Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Pati, hasil wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan pengisian kuesioner. Metode analisis data untuk mengetahui kualitas air adalah dengan membandingkan data hasil uji dengan baku mutu air. Dalam merumuskan prioritas strategi, menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasilnya adalah TSS di bagian hilir,  BOD, COD, dan total fosfat dari hulu sampai ke hilir, fecal coliform di bagian tengah dan hilir, serta total coliform di bagian hilir kondisinya telah melebihi baku mutu air kelas II. Untuk DO, dari hulu sampai  hilir konsentrasinya <4 mg/L  sehingga tidak mencapai baku mutu air kelas II. Hasil analisis alternatif strategi peningkatan kualitas air Sungai Sani sesuai urutan adalah peningkatan peran serta masyarakat, peningkatan kerja sama antar stakeholder, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum, pemantauan kualitas lingkungan, dan normalisasi sungai.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION AND ZONING OF WATER QUALITY FOR THREE MAIN RIVERS IN BINH TRI THIEN REGION (CENTRAL VIETNAM) BASED ON WATER QUALITY INDEX

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Hop ◽  
Thuy Chau To ◽  
Truong Quy Tung
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dissolved Iron ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Total Dissolved Iron

Huong, Thach Han and Kien Giang rivers are the important surface water sources in Thua ThienHue, Quang Tri and Quang Binh provinces, respectively (in Central Vietnam). The river water samples were taken monthly (from June 2001 to May 2002 for Kien Giang river and from January to December of 2004 for Thach Han and Huong rivers) at selected sites. The temperature, pH, conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity (TUR), DO, COD, BOD5, nitrate, ammonia, phosphate, total solids (TS), hardness, total dissolved iron, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of water samples were analyzed. Water quality index developed by Bhargava (Bhargava-WQI) was modified and applied to assess water quality of the above mentioned rivers. Based on Bhargava-WQI, the classification and zoning of the rivers for beneficial uses were carried out. The results obtained show that the water quality index can be used as an efficient tool for the water quality management and water pollution control of the rivers. 

scholarly journals ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI CISANGKAN KOTA CIMAHI PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosmeiliyana Rosmeiliyana ◽  
Eka Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Physical Parameters

Sungai Cisangkan merupakan sungai yang mengalir di Kota Cimahi yang menerima limbah domestik, industri, dan pertanian yang berasal dari daerah aliran sungai. Perkembangan industri dan pemukiman di sepanjang aliran sungai menyebabkan kualitas air sungai menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas air Sungai Cisangkan berdasarkan baku mutu menurut PP Nomor 82/2001 kelas 2. Analisis kualitas air dilakukan di 3 titik mewakili bagian hulu, tengah dan hilir sungai.  Data dikumpulkan  pada 3 periode pengambilan yaitu Bulan April, September, dan Desember 2019. Parameter yang diukur dan diamati sebanyak 32 parameter yang terdiri dari parameter fisika, kimia, dan mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 16 parameter yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu terdiri dari 2 parameter fisika, 14 kimia, dan 2 mikrobiologi. Berdasarkan parameter yang tidak memenuhi bakumutu sumber pencemar dominan diprediksi berasal dari aktivitas pemukiman karena nilai BOD5, COD, TSS, minyak dan lemak, detergen MBAS, Total Coliform serta fecal Coliform tidak memenuhi baku mutu di seluruh titik sampling pada 3 kali pengukuran. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan sebagai data dasar pengelolaan limbah cair domestik di DAS Cisangkan Kota Cimahi.  Kata kunci: Cimahi, Cisangkan, domestik, kualitas air. The Cisangkan River is a river that flows in Cimahi City which receives domestic, industrial and agricultural waste originating from the watershed. Industrial and residential developments along the river have caused the quality of river water to decline. This study aims to analyze the quality of Cisangkan River water based on quality standards according to PP No. 82/2001 class 2. Water quality analysis was carried out at 3 points representing the upstream, middle and downstream parts of the river. Data were collected in 3 periods of collection, namely April, September, and December 2019. The parameters measured and observed were 32 parameters consisting of physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters. Based on the research results, there are 16 parameters that do not meet the quality standards consisting of 2 physical parameters, 14 chemistry, and 2 microbiology. Based on the parameters that do not meet the quality standards, the dominant pollutant sources are predicted to come from residential activities because the values of BOD5, COD, TSS, oil and fat, detergent MBAS, Total Coliform and fecal Coliform do not meet the quality standards at all sampling points at 3 measurements. The results of the research can be used as basic data for domestic liquid waste management in the Cisangkan River Basin, Cimahi City. Keywords: Cimahi, Cisangkan, domestic, water quality.

scholarly journals Analysis of Different Water Quality Parameters of Ganga River by Multivariate Tools

2020 ◽  
pp. 268-275
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
P Value ◽  
River Ganga

: This Study Statistically analyzes the deteriorating water quality of the River Ganga. Statistical techniques such as Water Quality index (WQI), Cluster Analysis, Best Subsets Regression and Multiple Regression Analysis were applied to seven water quality parameters, collected from 21 sampling Stations in India. Water Quality Index identified the most polluted stations that are Kadaghat, Allahabad, Khurgi, Patna U/S, Bihar, Varanasi D/S (Malviya Bridge), U.P, Indrapuri, Dehri and Varanasi U/S (ASSIGHAT), U.P. Cluster Analysis for the different Stations showed a similarity of 99.99% between the stations Ganga D/S, Mirzapur , Varanasi D/S (Malviya Bridge) and Varanasi U/S (Assighat), U.P. Cluster Analysis for variables showed a 98.96% similarity of parameter BOD with WQI and 96.06% similarity between the parameters Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform. After applied the Best Subset Regression Analysis we get the highest Mallow c-p value with high R2 for the parameters BOD, Nitrate, Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform. In the Regression analysis the p value for the estimated coefficients of BOD is 0.00, indicates that BOD is significantly related to WQI.In this paper we conclude that BOD is the most critical parameter and we study the comparison of water quality of river Ganga for different stations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document