scholarly journals Effect of alternative on-site wastewater treatment on the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Pundsack ◽  
R. E. Hicks ◽  
R. P. Axler
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Salmonella Choleraesuis ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

The objective of this study was to determine how alternative on-site wastewater treatment systems (i.e. subsurface flow constructed wetlands, intermittent sand filters and intermittent peat filters) affect the viability and culturability of Salmonella choleraesuis (serotype typhimurium, ATCC 23567). Influent was a high strength septic tank effluent (BOD5 240–344 mg L−1, TN ∼100 mg L−1, TP ∼ 15 mg L−1) at the Natural Resources Research Institute's (NRRI) alternative treatment system test facility in northern Minnesota. Treatment systems were inoculated with cultures of S. choleraesuis for 5–7 consecutive days in summer and winter during 1998–99. After the seeding, outflow samples were taken until Salmonella counts were sustained at background levels. In addition to culture-based enumeration, S. choleraesuis abundances were also measured using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) alone and in combination with the direct viable count method (DVC) to determine if plate counts underestimated total and viable Salmonella abundances and if the Salmonella cell viability changed after passing through the treatment systems. In most cases, total and viable cell abundances in treatment system effluents were several orders of magnitude higher than cultured cell abundances. Our results indicate that the culture-based method underestimated viable concentrations of the model pathogen, S. choleraesuis. Salmonella cell viability decreased in effluents during the summer but increased during the winter. Using a culture-based enumeration method alone to determine removal efficiencies of bacterial indicators and pathogens for wastewater treatment systems may result in artificially high estimates of effective treatment.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the composition of bacterial communities from two constructed wetlands for municipal and swine wastewater treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Arroyo ◽  
Gemma Ansola ◽  
Ivan Blanco ◽  
Patricia Molleda ◽  
Estanislao de Luis Calabuig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

This work provides information about bacterial community structure in natural wastewater treatment systems treating different types of wastewater. The diversity and composition of bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere of Typha latifolia and Salix atrocinerea were studied and compared among two different natural wastewater treatment systems, using the direct sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA codifying genes. Phylogenetic affiliations of the bacteria detected allowed us to define the main groups present in these particular ecosystems. Moreover, bacterial community structure was studied through two diversity indices. Ten identified and five non-identified phyla were found in the samples; the phylum Proteobacteria was the predominant group in the four ecosystems. The results showed a bacterial community dominated by beta-proteobacteria and a lower diversity value in the swine wastewater treatment system. The municipal wastewater treatment system presented a high diverse community in both macrophytes (Typha latifolia and Salix atrocinerea), with gamma-proteobacteria and alpha-proteobacteria, respectively, as the most abundant groups.

Design and development of decentralized water and wastewater technologies: a combination of safe wastewater disposal and fertilizer production

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1580-1586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fach ◽  
S. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Faecal Sludge

Modern wastewater treatment plants are often inappropriate for communities in developing countries. Such communities lack the funding, resources and skilled labour required to implement, operate, and maintain these plants. This research was conducted to investigate and establish an appropriate wastewater treatment system for the district of Gunung Kidul, Indonesia. Due to its lack of water during the dry season, this district is considered one of the poorest areas in the nation. First, wastewater was stored in septic tank units for a retention time of 26 days. Anaerobic conditions occurred, resulting in an 80% reduction of initial COD. The retained sludge was well stabilized with great potential, if dewatered, for reuse as fertilizer. Consequently, supernatant was separated for experiments consisting of lab scale aerobic sand filtering unit. Through filtration, further removals of COD (about 30%) and pathogens were achieved. Rich in nitrogen, the resulting effluent could be used for irrigation and soil conditioning. With faecal sludge and also a mixture of septic sludge and food waste, the hydrolysis stage of anaerobic digestion was examined. This paper discusses the laboratory findings in Karlsruhe and the design and implementation of a treatment system in Glompong, Indonesia.

Viral and bacterial contamination of groundwater from on-site sewage treatment systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Scandura ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Septic Systems ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Hydraulic Residence Time ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

On-site septic tank-soil absorption systems treating domestic wastewater have contaminated groundwaters with enteric viruses and other pathogens and caused drinking waterborne outbreaks. The factors influencing pathogen transport, survival and fate at on-site wastewater treatment systems remain inadequately characterised. We studied the survival and transport of a model enterovirus (BE-1) and faecal coliform bacteria in four on-site wastewater treatment systems (three conventional and one low pressure, small pipe diameter, pumped system) located in sandy soils typical of the coastal plains. Septic system wastewaters were seeded seasonally with known amounts of BE-1 and the fate of BE-1, faecal coliforms and other wastewater constituents were followed for three months in seeded wastewaters and groundwaters of drainfield monitoring wells. BE-1 levels in seeded wastewaters declined exponentially by kinetics consistent with a 3d hydraulic residence time. BE-1 was detected in ground waters of monitoring wells as early as 1d after seeding and persisted up to two months. Virus detection in ground water was greater in winter than in summer and was positively associated with proximity to septic effluent distribution lines, drainfield soils with the lowest clay content, elevated ground water pH and shallower vadose zones. Viruses were not strongly associated with either distance from septic tank or faecal coliform levels in groundwater. Under optimum conditions, virus reductions were as high as 9 log10, but in systems with the most coarse (sand) soils and highest water tables (most shallow vadose zones), there was extensive ground water contamination by viruses and other wastewater constituents. Under some conditions, septic systems in sandy coastal plains soils can contaminate ground water with viruses and other wastewater constituents.

scholarly journals Salinity Decreases Nitrite Reductase Gene Diversity in Denitrifying Bacteria of Wastewater Treatment Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 3152-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Yoshie ◽  
Naohiro Noda ◽  
Satoshi Tsuneda ◽  
Akira Hirata ◽  
Yuhei Inamori
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Marine Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Reductase ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Denitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Saline Wastewater ◽  
Nitrite Reductase Gene ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

ABSTRACT Investigation of the diversity of nirK and nirS in denitrifying bacteria revealed that salinity decreased the diversity in a nitrate-containing saline wastewater treatment system. The predominant nirS clone was related to nirS derived from marine bacteria, and the predominant nirK clone was related to nirK of the genus Alcaligenes.

scholarly journals Treatment of wastewater from service areas at motorways

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Makowska ◽  
Jakub Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Aeration System ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Systems

Abstract This paper deals with wastewater treatment systems placed in motorway service areas (MSAs). In the years 2008-2009 eight of such facilities installed on the stretch of the A2 motorway between Poznań and Nowy Tomyśl were examined and analyzed. The system consists of a septic tank, a submerged aerated biofilter and an outflow filter. The volume of traffic on the highway was analyzed, the amount of water use was measured and peak factors were calculated. On this basis it was concluded that the inflows to the wastewater treatment systems in many cases exceeded the nominal design values. Based on the analysis of effluent quality it was found that the effects of plant operation in large part did not meet the requirements. It was found that the bioreactor aeration system and the design of the suspension separator (outflow filter) should be modified. One of the solutions was to use the soil-reed bed for wastewater treatment. The treatment of wastewater from the MSAs is a task that must take into account the unusual character of these facilities and the atypical quality of the effluent.

scholarly journals Modified Septic Tank: Innovative Onsite Wastewater Treatment System

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassim Abbassi ◽  
Raihan Abuharb ◽  
Bashaar Ammary ◽  
Naser Almanaseer ◽  
Christopher Kinsley
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Onsite Wastewater ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Onsite Wastewater Treatment

scholarly journals Design of the wastewater treatment system of an office building

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Rizky Raissha ◽  
Mas Agus Mardyanto
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Equalization Tank

The MIPA Tower office building, an eleven-storey building, which is located in the area of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, is under construction. The building will be utilized for offices, classrooms, and laboratories. In the operation of the building, domestic and laboratory wastewater will be produced. This wastewater contains compounds that can pollute the environment. A design of domestic and laboratory wastewater treatment system is conducted. The system comprises of a neutralization tank, a grease trap, an equalization tank, an anaerobic filter, and an activated carbon and silica sand filter. The steps of the design are (i) collecting primary data and secondary data, (ii) calculating the engineering design, (iii) drawing the Detailed Engineering Design (DED), and (iv) calculating the bill of quantity and budget. The conclusion of this design is that the treatment plant will treat a mixture of domestic and laboratory wastewater. The dimension of each unit is as follows: (i) the neutralization tank (Ø = 0.65 m, H = 0.43 m), (ii) the grease trap (4 m x 2 m x 1 m), (iii) the equalization tank (10.5 m x 5.5 m x 2.5 m), (iv) the septic tank (4.5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m), (v) the six-compartment anaerobic filter (2.25 m x 4 m x 2.5 m), and (vi) the filter with activated carbon (H = 50 cm), silica sand (H = 150 cm), and gravel (H = 10 cm), with the diameter of the tank is 1.5 m.

scholarly journals Start-up phase of a UASB-septic tank used for high strength municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Santiago-Díaz ◽  
M. L. Salazar-Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Start Up

The objective of this work was to assess the performance during the start-up phase of a Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB)-septic tank for municipal wastewater treatment in Mexico City. A lab scale UASB-septic tank (62 L total volume, acrylic), consisting of three chambers treated high strength municipal wastewater at ambient temperature (16 °C–24 °C), under 72 h Hydraulic retention time (HRT) during three months. Total and soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), total biological oxygen demand (BOD5), total solids and total suspended solids (TSS) removals were 75.2 ± 6.5%, 54.8 ± 6.7%, 64.2 ± 4.8%, 25.9 ± 5% and 82.9 ± 5%, respectively. These results are comparable with the removals reported in other works with similar arrangements; and are similar even with average removals of COD, BOD and TSS in UASB reactors installed in Latin America. The good performance obtained showed that it is possible to achieve a short start-up period with UASB-septic tank if it is inoculated with anaerobic sludge. These findings also evidenced the feasibility and reliability of the UASB-septic tank system for decentralized wastewater management in Mexico.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wastewater Treatment System

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 178-187
Author(s):  
Rohini Prasad Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Sludge Sample ◽  
Wastewater Treatment System ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Besides its great potential in controlling water pollution from different sources, waste water treatment system generates significant amount of greenhouse gases. Hence, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases from the wastewater treatment plants is the major concern. The correct understanding and estimation of the greenhouse gases emitted from different points of the plan is essential to tackle this challenge. This research has attempted to evaluate and quantify the greenhouse gases, mainly methane and nitrous oxide, emissions from the wastewater treatment system under varying conditions of temperature and oxygen.The sludge samples were collected from the septic tank, aeration tank, denitrification tank and digestion tank to examine the emission of greenhouse gases from the samples with and without nutrients and volatile fatty acids(VFA). To examine the effect of temperatures on the emission of greenhouse gases, experiments were designed under different temperatures by keeping reactors at 4º C, 20º C, 25º C, 30º C, 37º C and 50º C. Similarly, experiments were carried out at 37º C under different amount of oxygen supply (0, 0.1, 0.4, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) to examine the role of oxygen in greenhouse gases emission.Experimental results showed that the rate of emission of CH4 gas from the sludge sample was enhanced with the presence of glucose, nutrients and VFA. Rate of CH4 production was well correlated with sludge temperature. It was similar for all sludge samples taken from different points of the treatment plant. Rate of production was found highest for digestion sludge and least fir septic sludge. CH4 production was started earlier and found fastest from the digestion sludge. An inverse relationship was found between the rate of CH4 emission and the amounts of oxygen present in the sludge sample. However, N2O emission was not detected at all.Keywords: Methane; Anaerobic; Temperature; Nutrients; Wastewater; SludgeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5110Journal of the Institute of Engineering Vol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 178-187Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

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