Perencanaan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah Cair Rumah Sakit Aliyah 3 Kota Kendari

The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of liquid waste discharge at the hospital. Data from the number of hospital patient beds is 54 beds, so the activities taking place in Aliyah Hospital 3 in Kendari city produces a maximum discharge of liquid waste of 3.78/day. The form and design of processing liquid waste which is a rectangle with anaerobic- aerobic bio filter treatment system. Liquid waste processing with anaerobic-aerobic bio filter process consists of several parts namely the oil separator tank, equalization tank, early settling tank, anaerobic bio filter tank, aerobic bio filter tank, final settling tank and equipped with a chlorinated contractor tub. As for the size of each tank, which is like an oil separator tank (0,9 m × 0,5 m × 0,7 m), equalization tank (2,6 m × 1,3 m × 1,1 m), early settling tank (1,6 m × 0,8 m × 0,9 m), anaerobic bio filter tank (2,5 m × 1,3 m × 1,4 m), aerobic bio filter tank (1,8 m × 1 m × 1 m), final settling tank (1,8 m × 0,7 m × 0,7 m) and chlorinated tank (0,6 m × 0,3 m × 0,4 m). This process system was chosen because it is in accordance with the amount of liquid waste treatment system is safe, inexpensive and easy to operate.

Rancang Bangun Biofilter untuk Pengolahan Limbah Cair Kegiatan Sentra Wisata Kuliner di Kecamatan Tambaksari, Kota Surabaya

The development of culinary business at Culinary Tourism Centre (CTC) has produced domestic wastewater from dish washing activities and food residues. One CTC in Tambaksari District, Surabaya City has not had Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) yet. The CTC only has equalization tank for accommodating wastewater before discharged into the water body. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of domestic wastewater from the CTC and to design the appropriate WWTP in the CTC. The standard was based on the Regulation of the East Java Governor Number 72 Year 2013. The result showed that the concentrations of TSS, grease and oil, BOD, COD were 14 mg/L, 1.59 mg/L, 1154.8 mg/L, and 2054.8 mg/L, respectively. The WWTP units consisted of a grease trap, an equalization tank, primary sedimentation tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, and secondary sedimentation tank. The estimated cost to build the WWTP was IDR 278,093,774.

Simulasi Homogenitas Pencampuran Air Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pengolahan Awal di Kolam Ekualisasi Pilot Plant Biogas Sei Pagar

ABSTRACTPalm oil mill effluent (POME) produced from palm oil mills is classified as waste that can pollute the environment and needs severe treatment because it still contains high BOD and COD. POME has the potential to be further processed to produce biogas products through the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic process of biogas production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) waste is a fermentation process which quite a long time. So it is necessary to have a POME pretreatment process for preparation before being fed into the biodigester reactor. It is aimed at considering optimum conditioning, good homogeneity, and preparing for the formation of gas products. One of the POME pretreatment steps was carried out in an equalization tank to be homogenized before entering the reactor. However, when passing the equalization process, there are indications of sedimentation or separation between liquid waste and dissolved solids. Thus, an attempt was made to carry out a stirring system so that homogeneity would occur with the agitator. Therefore, the POME conditions in all parts of the pond could be relatively similar. The stirring is one of the factors that influence microbial life. In this research, a stirrer design simulation will be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the stirrer and homogeneity of POME in equalization pond. Design is adjusted to the actual POME parameters according to results of the analysis carried out related to POME physical properties such as temperature, density, viscosity, pH, and flow rate. Conditions analyzed in the simulation are agitator speed, the direction of fluid flow, power consumption, and homogeneity of mixing.Keywords: agitator, mixing, equalization tank, homogeneity, POMEABSTRAKLimbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit (POME) yang dihasilkan dari pabrik pengolahan sawit tergolong limbah yang dapat mencemari lingkungan dan perlu penanganan serius, karena masih mengandung BOD dan COD tinggi. POME sangat berpotensi untuk diolah lebih lanjut untuk menghasilkan produk biogas melalui proses penguraian anaerob. Proses pengolahan air limbah pabrik minyak sawit menjadi biogas merupakan proses fermentasi anaerobik yang memerlukan waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya proses pengolahan awal POME untuk penyiapan sebelum diumpankan ke dalam reaktor biodigester untuk pengkondisian yang optimum, homogenitas yang baik, dan persiapan pembentukan produk gas. Salah satu pengolahan awal POME dilakukan di kolam ekualisasi untuk proses homogenisasi air limbah sebelum masuk ke dalam reaktor. Selama melewati kolam ekualisasi, ada indikasi terjadi pengendapan atau pemisahan antara limbah cair dengan padatan terlarut. Untuk itu, muncul upaya untuk melakukan sistem pengadukan agar tercapai kondisi homogen dengan menggunakan pengaduk agar kondisi POME di seluruh bagian kolam relatif sama. Adapun pengadukan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada kehidupan mikroba. Pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan simulasi desain pengaduk yang untuk mengetahui efektivitas pengaduk dan homogenitas POME di dalam kolam equalisasi. Desain disesuaikan dengan parameter POME sesuai hasil analisis yang dilakukan terkait properti fisik POME seperti temperatur, densitas, viskositas, pH, dan laju alir. Kondisi yang dianalisis dalam simulasi adalah kecepatan putaran pengaduk, arah aliran fluida, konsumsi daya dan homogenitas pencampuran.Kata kunci: pengaduk, pencampuran, kolam ekualisasi, homogenitas, POME

Tinjauan Limbah Cair Mall Jambi Town Square PT. Temas Alvindo Jambi

Mall of Jambi Town Square (Jamtos) PT. Temas Alvindo uses Biofilter Anaerob-Aerob to do treatment for its wastewater used consisting of 1. Inlet (grease trap); 2. Primary basin; 3. Sludge basin; 4. Equalization tank; 5. Polishing; 6. Biodetox; 7. Clarifier basin; 8. Clorination; 9. Effluent. This installation capacity for wastewater is 120 m3 per day, meanwhile total of wastewater from its activities in a day is 43 m3. Some parameters of wastewater in inlet which is still above the limit concentration of standard regulation were BOD5 804 mg/L; COD 2.078 mg/L; TSS 479 mg/L and Total Coliform 4.100. The parameters concentration of outlet does not meet the threshold limit value in standard regulation, which were BOD 423 mg/L; COD 1.054 mg/L; TSS 32 mg/L and Total Coliform 3.100. However, oil and grease; ammonium and pH were below the threshold limit value.

Design of the wastewater treatment system of an office building

The MIPA Tower office building, an eleven-storey building, which is located in the area of Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya, is under construction. The building will be utilized for offices, classrooms, and laboratories. In the operation of the building, domestic and laboratory wastewater will be produced. This wastewater contains compounds that can pollute the environment. A design of domestic and laboratory wastewater treatment system is conducted. The system comprises of a neutralization tank, a grease trap, an equalization tank, an anaerobic filter, and an activated carbon and silica sand filter. The steps of the design are (i) collecting primary data and secondary data, (ii) calculating the engineering design, (iii) drawing the Detailed Engineering Design (DED), and (iv) calculating the bill of quantity and budget. The conclusion of this design is that the treatment plant will treat a mixture of domestic and laboratory wastewater. The dimension of each unit is as follows: (i) the neutralization tank (Ø = 0.65 m, H = 0.43 m), (ii) the grease trap (4 m x 2 m x 1 m), (iii) the equalization tank (10.5 m x 5.5 m x 2.5 m), (iv) the septic tank (4.5 m x 4 m x 2.5 m), (v) the six-compartment anaerobic filter (2.25 m x 4 m x 2.5 m), and (vi) the filter with activated carbon (H = 50 cm), silica sand (H = 150 cm), and gravel (H = 10 cm), with the diameter of the tank is 1.5 m.

Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on Flotation

Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on FlotationThe aim of the studies carried out at full technological scale was to indicate optimal systems of the two-stage precipitation and coagulation (PIX 113 - SAX 18, PAX XL1 - SAX 18, ALCAT 102 - lime milk and SAX 18 - PAX 16) in the process of eliminating heavy metals from wastewaters made in the processing plant producing sub-systems for domestic appliances. Precipitated pollutions were thickened by flocculation and separated by hydrogen peroxide enhanced pressure flotation. The experimental installation of maximal flow capacity: 10.0 m3/d consisted of: the storage-equalization tank, the processing pipe reactor, the pressure flotation station, and the reagent preparation and dosing station. Optimal doses of reagents and a flocculent as well as pressure and saturation time were defined for which maximal reductions in the load of heavy metals were achieved. The usefulness of hydrogen peroxide as a means of enhancing flotation was tested. The use of two-stage precipitation permitted the reduction in heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn), eg by applying ALCAT 102 - lime milk at the level exceeding 80%.

Combination of extremum-seeking algorithms with effective hydraulic handling of equalization tanks to control anaerobic digesters

The benefits of upgrading extremum-seeking controllers with an effective exploitation of the buffer capacity of equalization tanks have been investigated and applied to anaerobic digesters. In this respect, a Fuzzy-based supervisory module that monitors the state of the equalization tank has been designed and built on top of an extremum-seeking algorithm in charge of automatically regulating the wastewater fed into the anaerobic digester. The extremum-seeking controller guarantees good disturbance rejection and methane production around an upper limit set-point. The on-top Fuzzy module optimizes the long-term methane production by modifying this upper limit set-point as a function of the state of the equalization tank. A systematic simulation study has been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control solution. Thus, on the basis of existing simulation benchmarks for assessment of control strategies in wastewater treatment plants, a dedicated simulation protocol for anaerobic digesters has been defined and implemented. Simulation results have shown that, compared with manual operation, effluent quality and methane production improvements of 10–15% are achieved using the proposed control approach.