scholarly journals Surveillance of human and swine adenovirus, human norovirus and swine circovirus in water samples in Santa Catarina, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. T. Garcia ◽  
A. Viancelli ◽  
C. Rigotto ◽  
M. R. Pilotto ◽  
P. A. Esteves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Human Norovirus ◽  
Impact Surface

Animal and human wastewater can potentially contaminate water sources and the treatment of drinking water may not effectively remove all contaminants, especially viruses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the viral contamination of water used for human and animal consumption in the city of Concórdia, located in southern Brazil. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine adenovirus (PAdV), human adenovirus (HAdV) and human norovirus (NoV) were searched for using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). HAdV-positive samples were tested for viral infectivity by plaque assay. The qPCR results showed that PAdV, PCV2 and HAdV genetic material were present in all sampling sites. NoV was absent in all samples. The presence of genetic material from PAdV and PCV2 was detected in 30% and 45% of the 36 analyzed samples, respectively, with an average of 102 gc mL–1 for PAdV and 104 gc mL–1 for PCV2. HAdV was present in 100% of the samples, with an average of 104 gc mL–1. However, in plaque assay, only 36% of the samples were positive. As viable particles of HAdV were found in drinking water, these results confirm that swine manure and human sewage impact surface water and groundwater, endangering water quality and indicating a potential risk to public health.

scholarly journals Porcine circovirus type II screening in feral swine population in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
N. G. Rudova ◽  
V. I. Bolotin ◽  
O. S. Solodiankin ◽  
А. P. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Material ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Dna Virus ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Swine Population ◽  
Target Sequences

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an emergent single-stranded DNA virus found all over the world in domestic pigs and wild boars that causes infectious disease with a great impact on swine productivity. PCV2 has 1.7 kb genome that includes two main genes, which encode replication-related protein (rep) and the major structural capsid (cap) protein. Both of these genes can be used as target sequences for the primer design for the detection of PCV2 as well as for sequencing of designated regions. We carried out a screening due to the PCV2 circulating among the wild boar population in 10 regions of Ukraine. PCR screening was performed using primer pairs designed on the target sequences of the replicative and capsid genes. According to the results of the research, the presence of genetic material of PCV2 was found in 31.8% of the tested samples. The developed set of primers may be suitable for diagnostics, as well as for the development of specific sites for the purpose of sequencing of PCV2 cap-gene due to the obtained DNA samples during epizootic screening

scholarly journals Decontamination of a drinking water pipeline system contaminated with adenovirus and Escherichia coli utilizing peracetic acid and chlorine

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Kauppinen ◽  
Jenni Ikonen ◽  
Anna Pursiainen ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Ilkka T. Miettinen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Distribution Network ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts

A contaminated drinking water distribution network can be responsible for major outbreaks of infections. In this study, two chemical decontaminants, peracetic acid (PAA) and chlorine, were used to test how a laboratory-scale pipeline system can be cleaned after simultaneous contamination with human adenovirus 40 (AdV40) and Escherichia coli. In addition, the effect of the decontaminants on biofilms was followed as heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) and total cell counts (TCC). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine AdV40 and plate counting was used to enumerate E. coli. PAA and chlorine proved to be effective decontaminants since they decreased the levels of AdV40 and E. coli to below method detection limits in both water and biofilms. However, without decontamination, AdV40 remained present in the pipelines for up to 4 days. In contrast, the concentration of cultivable E. coli decreased rapidly in the control pipelines, implying that E. coli may be an inadequate indicator for the presence of viral pathogens. Biofilms responded to the decontaminants by decreased HPCs while TCC remained stable. This indicates that the mechanism of pipeline decontamination by chlorine and PAA is inactivation rather than physical removal of microbes.

scholarly journals Detection of genetic material of Porcine Circovirus type II by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
N. G. Rudova ◽  
O. S. Solodiankin ◽  
A. P. Gerilovych
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Amplification Protocol ◽  
Genetic Features

There is a sufficient number of molecular-genetic methods for the Porcine Circovirus type II (PCV-II) detection, based on conventional or real-time PCR. However, these methods require expensive equipment, heat cycles for amplification, and considerable time to perform the study. The aim of our work was to develop an alternative method of the PCV-II detection based on isothermal amplification (LAMP), which characterized by cost-effectiveness and short time of study performing. By this reaction a few copies of DNA to 109 molecules might be amplified in about one hour at a constant temperature which is suitable for the field conditions. We designed a set of primers using the target cap gene sequence with the further parameters optimizing of the amplification protocol. Amplification was performed for 60 minutes in a water bath, and the result was observed in UV light using a transilluminator by the adding SYBR green I to the reaction mixture. The elaborated set of primers for LAMP showed high sensitivity and specificity. The set of primers was designed to take into account the molecular genetic features of PCV, and it can significantly expand the range of existing molecular genetic screening techniques for PCV –II detection

Enteric viruses in drinking water supplies

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
A.P. Wyn-Jones ◽  
J. Watkins ◽  
C. Francis ◽  
M. Laverick ◽  
J. Sellwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Enteric Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Supplies

Two rural spring drinking water supplies were studied for their enteric virus levels. In one, serving about 30 dwellings, the water was chlorinated before distribution; in the other, which served a dairy and six dwellings the water was not treated. Samples of treated (40 l) and untreated (20 l) water were taken under normal and heavy rainfall conditions over a six weeks period and concentrated by adsorption/elution and organic flocculation. Infectious enterovirus in concentrates was detected in liquid culture and enumerated by plaque assay, both in BGM cells, and concentrates were also analysed by RT-PCR. Viruses were found in both raw water supplies. Rural supplies need to be analysed for viruses as well as bacterial and protozoan pathogens if the full microbial hazard is to be determined.

Immunoenhancement of Recombinant Neisseria meningitides PorB Protein on Porcine Circovirus Type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Genetically Engineered Vaccines

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 776-784
Author(s):  
Rui Yang ◽  
Yu Tao ◽  
Gaojian Li ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
Jianhong Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type 2 ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Neisseria Meningitides ◽  
Short Period

Background:Porcine circovirus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae can cause respiratory diseases in pigs, which cause serious economic loss in the worldwide pig industry. Currently, these infections are mainly prevented and controlled by vaccination. The new vaccines on the market are mainly composed of subunits and inactivated vaccines but usually have lower antigenicity than traditional live vaccines. Thus, there is an increasing need to develop new adjuvants that can cause rapid and long-lasting immunity to enhance the antigenic efficacy for vaccines. Studies have shown that meningococcal porin PorB can act as a ligand to combine with Toll-like receptors to activate the production of immunological projections and act as a vaccine immunological adjuvant.Objective:In this article, we expressed and purified the recombinant PorB protein and verified its immunogenicity against porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae genetically engineered vaccine.Methods:In this article, we used prokaryotic expression to express and purify recombinant PorB protein, four different concentrations of PorB protein, Freund's adjuvant with two genetically engineered vaccines were combined with subcutaneous immunization of mice.Results:Our study shows that the appropriate dose of the recombinant protein PorB can enhance the levels of humoral and cellular responses induced by two genetically engineered vaccines in a short period of time in mice. The PorB adjuvant group may cause statistically higher antibody titers for both genetically engineered vaccines compared to Freund's commercial adjuvant (P<0.001).Conclusion:The recombinant protein PorB may be a good candidate adjuvant for improving the protective effect of vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and the protein can be used for future practical applications.

scholarly journals Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Szigeti ◽  
Zalán G. Homonnay ◽  
Vivien Tamás ◽  
Han Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

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