scholarly journals Results of heavy metals and other water quality levels in tap water from Çan sourced from Ağı Dağı (Mt. Ağı) (Çanakkale, Turkey)

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamze Kilinc ◽  
Selehattin Yilmaz ◽  
Muhammet Turkoglu ◽  
Huseyin Erdugan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Fe And Mn

In this study, the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe, Mn and Cr were determined using an inductively coupled plasma and optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES), and water quality parameters pH, temperature, and conductivity were measured using the YSI 556 MPS water probe. The water samples were collected monthly from five different street tap water points sourced from Mt. Agi (Ağı Dağı in Turkish) spring waters between May 2012 and February 2013 in Çan (Canakkale, Turkey). All results were compared with the drinking water standards of the Turkish Standards Institute (TSE 266), World Health Organization, European Union and US Environmental Protection Agency. While concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were within limit values, Pb, Cd, Ni, and Cr were at undetectable limits. The highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were 0.010 ppm, 0.018 ppm, 0.058 ppm, and 0.014 ppm, respectively. The findings revealed that although there was no public health risk in view of heavy metal concentrations, there was an acidity problem due to lower pH levels correlated with some heavy metals such as Cu (R = 0.419), Fe (R = –0.421) and Mn (R = –0.687).

scholarly journals The Safety Assessment of Toxic Metals in Commonly Used Herbs, Spices, Tea, and Coffee in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5779
Author(s):  
Grażyna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Target Hazard Quotient ◽  
Plant Materials

The presented study was aimed at the determination of the level of contamination with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, As, and Hg) in 240 samples of plant materials, i.e., herbal raw materials, spices, tea, and coffee. Moreover, a probabilistic risk assessment (noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks) was estimated by models including target hazard quotient (THQ) and cancer risk (CR). The samples were subjected to microwave mineralisation with the use of HNO3 (65%), while the determination of the content of the elements was performed with the use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP–MS) and a mercury analyser. The element which was characterised by the highest level of accumulation in the analysed samples was lead (from 0.010 to 5.680 mg/kg). Among the heavy metals under analysis, the lowest concentration was noted in the case of mercury (from 0.005 to 0.030 mg/kg). A notably higher level of contamination with heavy metals was noted in the analysed samples of herbs and spices (0.005–5.680 mg/kg), compared to samples of tea and coffee (0.005–0.791 mg/kg). According to the guidelines of the World Health Organisation (WHO) concerning the limits of contamination of samples of herbal raw materials with heavy metals, lead levels exceeding the limits were only noted in 24 samples of herbs (18%). In all of the analysed samples of spices, tea, and coffee, no instances of exceeded limits were noted for any of the analysed heavy metals. The values of TTHQmax (in relation to the consumption of the analysed products) were as follows: up to 4.23 × 10−2 for spices, up to 2.51 × 10−1 for herbs, up to 4.03 × 10−2 for China tea, and up to 1.25 × 10−1 for roasted coffee beans. As the value of THQ ≤1, there is no probability of the appearance of undesirable effects related to the consumption of the analysed group of raw materials and products of plant origin. The CR value for As (max. value) was 1.29 × 10−5, which is lower than the maximum acceptable level of 1 × 10−4 suggested by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Kampala (Uganda) Drinking Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bamuwamye ◽  
Patrick Ogwok ◽  
Vivian Tumuhairwe ◽  
Richard Eragu ◽  
Henriettah Nakisozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cancer Risks ◽  
Guideline Values

Levels of aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, mercury, manganese, nickel, lead and zinc in tap water, groundwater-fed protected spring and bottled water were determined. The cancer and non-cancer risks associated with ingestion of heavy metals (HM) were also assessed for both children and adults. Forty seven water samples obtained from five divisions of Kampala city were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cancer and non-cancer risks were determined using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and non-carcinogenic hazard quotient (HQ), respectively. Lead content was higher than permissible limits (PL) according to East African Standard, World Health Organization, European Union and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Arsenic showed minor exceedances above guideline values in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring, whereas mercury, manganese and nickel were higher than PL. Levels of aluminium, cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, and zinc were below the PL. The lifetime risk of developing cancer through the oral route was greater than the USEPA acceptable level for both children and adults, revealing that exposure to HM in drinking water posed an unacceptable potential cancer risk. Arsenic contributed ca. 90% of the ILCR in tap water and groundwater-fed protected spring. The combined non-cancer risk of the HM expressed as hazard index (HI) was greater than one, with values for children being higher than those for adults. Lead contribution towards HI was in all cases above 90%. These results demonstrate the presence of alarming non-cancer risks for children.

Determination of Selected Heavy Metal Concentrations in Water Spinach (Ipomea aquatica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1025 ◽  
pp. 279-283
Author(s):  
Wan Noni Afida Ab Manan ◽  
Nursyamimi Zulkurnain
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Health Organization

Vegetables are essential in human diet but unfortunately it may also contribute to heavy metals’ consumption. High consumption of water spinach may cause harmful health effects due to contamination by heavy metals. Two different parts of water spinach (Ipomea aquatica), namely: i) leaves and, ii) stem were collected from markets around Bandar Pusat Jengka and UiTM area to determine and compare selected metals’ (Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb) concentrations to the standard permissible limit set by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO). The samples were prepared by wet digestion using a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2 and then analysed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Heavy metals’ concentration ranges were recorded as follow; 0.130 – 9.410 mg/kg for Mn, 0.120 – 0.330 mg/kg for Cu, 0.200 – 2.470 mg/kg for Zn and 0.003 – 0.210 mg/kg for Pb. Concentration of Mn was higher than other metals. All concentrations of selected metals were below the maximum standard set by FAO/WHO except for leaves in sample A. Nevertheless, it should be noted that consuming the I. aquatica for a long time with excess amount of heavy metals may contribute to health effects.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts of Oil Field on Mammals, Using Vital Trace Elements as Contamination Indicator in Sheep and Cow meat Shewashok Oil Field as the Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rawaz Rostam Hamadamin ◽  
Maamun Qadir Salih ◽  
Rostam Salam Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
World Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Health Organization

Air, water and food are the basic needs of most of the living organism to survive. The quality of consumed water, air and food may transfer to the consumers. Ambient environment is built base on interaction of living and non-living organism, chemical and physical compounds, thus oil field emissions, effluents and its general waste can involve. Because of gas flaring in oilfield toxic gases and particles are realised into the atmosphere. Quite possibly the particles contain heavy metals because they are driven from hydrocarbon, and this air is breathing and respiring by the surround living organisms. The experimental work has been performed at the laboratories of the department of Medical Microbiology / Koya University. Samples of specific infected meat, of domestic animals (Cow and Sheep) were collected for the purpose of detecting the concentration of heavy metals in the infected animal. The samples then were dried and digested with concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2O2. The concentration of heavy metals of the sample digested domestic animal were determined using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The study shows that the Fe, Co, Cr, Cu, K and Mg have significant concentration in sheep meat, but in cow’s meat Fe, Zn, Co, Cu, P and Mg were significant. Whereas Al, Ca, Hg, Mn, Na and Zn in sheep and Ag, Ca, Hg, Mn, Na, As, Cr and K in cow were not significant. And comparing the trace elements value with World Health Organization standards only Al, Fe and Hg were found significant the rest are complying with the standards.  

scholarly journals Multielement determination using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry for metal characterization of water from artesian wells in Semberija region: Multivariate analysis of data

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽  
Tamara Laketic ◽  
Snezana Mitic ◽  
Milenko Savic ◽  
Snezana Tosic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Artesian Wells

The concentrations of fifteen metals (Mg, Na, Ca, K, Se, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Sb, Ni, Co) were determined in water from ten artesian wells (AW) in Semberija to obtain a general metal profile of water in this region. Principal components analysis (PCA) was used in this classification. Using principal component analysis two factors controlling the metal variability were obtained, which accounted for nearly 71.5% of the total variance. Natural (lithogenic) factor is represented by PC1, while anthropogenic factor is represented by PC2. PC1 with high contribution of Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn and Se accounting for 41.84% of the total variance, while PC2 exhibits high loading for Cd, Ni, Sb, Cr and Pb (29.66%). Three general areas (clusters) with different metal characteristics were detected. Water from artesian wells in first cluster (AW1, AW2, AW3, AW4, AW5 and AW6) had much higher metal concentration compared with those in the second (AW7, AW8 and AW9) and third cluster (AW10). That is as a result of anthropogenic inputs. Also, the analysis of water demonstrated slightly elevated values for Mn (concentrations up to 0.176 mg/L), while concentrations of the other investigated elements are below the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).

scholarly journals Tap Water Quality: Seasonal User Surveys in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3841
Author(s):  
Józef Ober ◽  
Janusz Karwot
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Profit Analysis ◽  
Tap Water Quality

Security of supply of water, which meets the quality parameters specified in applicable standards, is now the basis for the functioning of most societies. In addition to climatic, biological, chemical, and physical hazards, it is worth paying attention to consumers’ subjective perception of the quality of tap water supplied in the area of Poland. The article discusses various activities related to water resources management and analyses the results of an evaluation of selected quality parameters of tap water in Poland. A novelty on a European scale here is an examination of the evaluation of these parameters based on potential seasonal differences (spring, summer, autumn, winter). For the first time in the world literature, PROFIT analysis was used to evaluate selected parameters of tap water quality. The aim of the article was to present a model for the evaluation of the parameters of tap water supplied in different seasons of the year in Poland. Due to the complexity of the research aspects, a mixed-methods research procedure was used in which a literature review was combined with a survey and statistical analysis. For the purpose of the survey, an original survey questionnaire called “Survey of customer opinions on selected parameters of tap water supplied in Poland” was developed especially for this study. The conducted research confirmed the adopted hypothesis that the results of evaluation of selected tap water parameters vary depending on the period (spring, summer, autumn, winter) in Poland. The model developed by means of PROFIT analysis makes it possible to highlight to water suppliers the specific quality parameters in particular seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, winter), which may improve the quality of water supplied in Poland and thus, in the long-term perspective, increase the level of satisfaction of water recipients and confidence in drinking tap water in Poland.

scholarly journals Toxic Elements in Traditional Kohl-Based Eye Cosmetics in Spanish and German Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Elisabet Navarro-Tapia ◽  
Mariona Serra-Delgado ◽  
Lucía Fernández-López ◽  
Montserrat Meseguer-Gilabert ◽  
María Falcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Prior Distribution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
The Eu

Kohl is a traditional cosmetic widely used in Asia and Africa. In recent years, demand for kohl-based eyelids and lipsticks has increased in Europe, linked to migratory phenomena of populations from these continents. Although the European legislation prohibits the use of heavy metals in cosmetics due to the harmful effects to human health, particularly to pregnant women and children, these elements are still present in certain products. The European Union recommended levels are Pb < 20 ppm, As < 5 ppm, Cd < 5 ppm, Sb < 100 ppm, and Ni < 200 ppm. In Germany, levels are more restrictive: Pb < 2 ppm, As < 0.5 ppm, Cd < 0.1 ppm, Sb < 0.5 ppm, and Ni < 10 ppm. Here, we analyzed 12 kohl-based cosmetics in different presentations (powder, paste, and pencil) that were purchased in Spanish and German local shops. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer was used to identify toxic elements and heavy metals. Levels of Pb ranged between 1.7 and 410,000 ppm in six of the study samples, four of which had levels above the recommended limit of at least two heavy metals. Arsenic (a carcinogenic element) values were within the range allowed by the EU in only 58% of the studied samples. Moreover, two products doubled this limit, reaching levels of 9.2 and 12.6 ppm. In one of the products, cadmium, related to toxic keratitis, was four times higher (20.7 ppm) than that allowed, while in two other products, these limits were doubled (11.8 and 12.7 ppm). Our results indicate the need to supervise the manufacture of kohl-based traditional products and the analysis of their composition prior distribution in European countries.

scholarly journals Using simple and easy water quality parameters to predict trihalomethane occurrence in tap water

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 131586
Author(s):  
Zeqiong Xu ◽  
Jiao Shen ◽  
Yuqing Qu ◽  
Huangfei Chen ◽  
Xiaoling Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Quality Parameters
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