Water resources and waste water management in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kaštelan-Macan ◽  
Marijan Ahel ◽  
Alka J. M. Horvat ◽  
Dalila Jabučar ◽  
Petar Jovančić
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Serbia And Montenegro ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Water

This work provides an inventory of water resources and presents the current status of water supply, water quality as well as wastewater management in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro, established after the break-up of the former Yugoslavia. All three countries are very rich in water resources, pertaining in a large percentage to the Adriatic and Black Sea basins. However, this richness is not adequately reflected in the current status of the public water supply. Water supply is satisfactory only in bigger cities, whereas rural populations still largely depend on the local sources. Furthermore, with respect to integrated water management, there is a big discrepancy between the capacities of water supply and drainage and those for municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. Only a small percentage of wastewaters receive at least some treatment, putting those receiving natural waters at considerable risk. Nevertheless, available reports on the water quality of ambient waters do not reveal the existence of this problem on a wider scale, but indicate only few hot spots. Microbiological pollution near big cities and patchy elevated levels of heavy metals and organic pollutants around industrial plants and agricultural lands belong to these exceptions. Such a relatively favourable situation is, partly, a consequence of a significant decrease in economic activities, which is characteristic of all transition countries, but it also reveals the impact of the recent wars in the region. Political and military conflicts in the region generated mutual distrust and lack of cooperation between the three countries. However, attempts are being made to resolve most of the issues related to cross-border contamination by signing international and regional treaties. As a part of pre-accession activities, all three states are harmonizing their legislation with the EU and are joining scientific projects on the water protection of other western countries. This is expected to bring considerable benefits to the local population and to make economic development more vigorous.

Some issues water supply of agriculture in the context of agrarian policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Karolina Yu. Popova ◽  
◽  
Oksana S. Prokhorenko ◽  
Tanyana Yu. Lashchinina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
The State ◽  
Agrarian Policy

The article notes that in recent years, water quality has deteriorated sharply. To reduce this process, the introduction of ecosystems in economic entities is required. However, these measures must be subsidized by the state, as the costs are too high. It is necessary to adopt an environmental policy that would contributed to the organization of control over the use of water resources.

Water Resources Management

2014 ◽  
pp. 180-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores grassroots interventions by forging partnerships with stakeholders in improving the management of water resources at the community level. In order to gain insight into the nuances of managing water resources in partnership, a pilot study was instituted in the State of Rajasthan, India. The efficacy of the partnership approach in ensuring equitable water management is demonstrated. The analysis is supported by data collected through the administration of a questionnaire for five different stakeholders. The impact of the intervention reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcomes in a more sustainable manner.

Water Resources Management

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
The State ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Partnership Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

This chapter explores grassroots interventions by forging partnerships with stakeholders in improving the management of water resources at the community level. In order to gain insight into the nuances of managing water resources in partnership, a pilot study was instituted in the State of Rajasthan, India. The efficacy of the partnership approach in ensuring equitable water management is demonstrated. The analysis is supported by data collected through the administration of a questionnaire for five different stakeholders. The impact of the intervention reiterates the positive social, economic, and environmental outcomes in a more sustainable manner.

scholarly journals Effective economic growth under conditions of regional water management dependence

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-43
Author(s):  
Svitlana Fedulova ◽  
Volodymyr Dubnytskyi ◽  
Nataliia Naumenko ◽  
Vitalina Komirna ◽  
Iryna Melnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Regional Water

Purpose. The purpose of the article is an identifying the impact of regional water management dependence on economic growth in the region. Methodology / approach. The subject of the study is theoretical and methodological basics of a new scientific paradigm for regulation the development of the regional socio-economic systems under the conditions of limited water resources. The study used traditional and special research methods, including: historical and logical – to analyze the evolution of regional socio-economic systems under conditions of limited water resources; abstractions and analogies – to reveal the essence of water-efficient regional socio-economic systems in the modern processes of regionalization and globalization; theoretical generalization, analysis and synthesis – to specify the categorical apparatus; statistical analysis to assess the level of needs of regional socio-economic systems in water resources and create an index of regional water management dependence; method of correlation analysis (biserial correlation, using a point biserial Pearson’s correlation coefficient). Results. The main idea of the paper is to study the issues of development of regional socio-economic systems under the conditions of limited water resources. Considering this, the paper is aimed at studying the impact of regional water management dependence on economic growth in the region. The tasks for development of regional socio-economic systems on the basis of water efficiency are defined, as well as the concept “water-efficient regional socio-economic system” is defined. The study presents a hypothesis about the need to change the paradigm of regulation of regional development on the basis of water use efficiency and regional water management dependence. In order to trade effectively with the main crops, it is necessary to determine whether there are sufficient water supplies in a given country and its regions. For this purpose, the authors proposes to use own indicator, such as the index of regional water management dependence. Thе characteristic of water management dependence is given, from regions where only up to half of the water supply of the territory is used, and to regions where more than 100 % of the water supply of the territory is used. The research has updated that the expansion of knowledge and understanding of the specifics of the water sector can solve significant problems. It is proved that the economic growth of the Ukrainian economy due to the agricultural sector has its limits and is limited by the water management dependence of the territories, ie the limitation of certain territories of the regions of Ukraine in terms of water resources. The next effective economic growth is possible only through the implementation of water-efficient technologies and intensification of water-efficient activities in the region. Originality / scientific novelty. The study for the first time defines the concept of water-efficient regional socio-economic system, so it is a socio-economic system that provides for the restoration of water resources in the region, reducing the water intensity of gross regional product (GRP) and approaching European norms and proposes the classification of regions according to the index of regional water management dependence on the basis of its threshold values. A scientific and methodological approach to assessing the level of needs of regional socio-economic systems in water resources has been improved, based on the application of the index of regional water management dependence, which is proposed to calculate the ratio of total fresh water use in the region to the volume of available river runoff in the region (parts of the water potential). The classification of regional socio-economic systems according to the level of water supply has been improved, which is based on the definition of threshold values of the index of regional water management dependence. The methodological bases for assessing the impact of the spatial economy on regional development under conditions of limited water resources have been improved, which differ in substantiating the dependence of the level of development of regions on the available water potential of the territory. Practical value / implications. The results of the study allow a more comprehensive approach to the study of the problem of using water resources in Ukraine in the context of their limitation. The results of the study showed that the economic complex in most regions is water-intensive and unbalanced, as well as does not provide restoration of water resources by environmental parameters and requires the implementation of infrastructure schemes for redistribution of water resources between regions for economic activity. The results are recommended for consideration by local governments and regional administration for the development and implementation of “Regional programs for the development of water management in the region” and for the development of “Strategies for regional development until 2025–2027”.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE POLTAVA REGION WATER SUPPLY COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
O. Stepova ◽  
T. Hakh ◽  
L. Tiahnii
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Water Management Complex ◽  
Polluted Waters

Assessment of the state and rationality of the operation of the water management complex (WMC) of the Poltava region is an extremely relevant study of the present, since the WMC was created in the 60s-70s of the last century and actively provides the sectors of the economy and the population with water resources. The study aim is to assess the water resource potential as the basis for the functioning of the water-chemical complex, to determine the levels of technogenic impact on the water resource potential. A review of the sources was carried out using the Google Scholar database by filtering for the period from 2010 to 2021 and mainly revising publications on numerous samples related to monitoring and control of the state of the water management complex of the Poltava region. According to the official report of 2019, the rivers Dnieper, Psel, Sukhoi Omelnik, Uday received an assessment: slightly polluted waters, the Vorskla and Orzhitsa rivers are moderately polluted waters. The main ingredients responsible for the low water ratings as of 2019 are phosphate ions, manganese, as well as nitrite nitrogen, total iron and BOD5. The manganese content was measured in three rivers, and the average estimate ranged from 5.8 in the Psel River to 11.85 in the Vorskla River. According to the Regional Office of Water Resources in the Poltava region, in 2019, 109.8 million m3 were withdrawn from the natural water bodies of the Poltava region, namely underground water bodies, which is 4.6 million m3 less than in 2018 (or 4.0 %), including 69.83 million m3 (which is 3.29 million m3 or 4.5 % less than in 2018). However, the total water intake in the region over the past 10 years has decreased by 2.2 times. A positive trend is that all discharges occur at treatment facilities of housing and communal services. There is no discharge of return water without treatment into surface water bodies of the Poltava region; however, within the boundaries of settlements there is a discharge of under-treated municipal wastewater and runoff from the urbanized territory. Consequently, balancing water use is possible by introducing waterless, low-water and water-saving technologies in all sectors of the economy, maximum use of water in recycling water supply systems; replacement of physically and morally worn out water supply and water protection equipment, etc.

Water Governance and Management in Indus Basin - Challenges & Threats

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marium Sara Minhas Bandeali
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The State ◽  
Indus Basin

Water governance and management are important challenges for the River Indus Basin in Pakistan. Water governance refers to social, political and economic factors that influence water management. The water scarcity and water security are a major concern for the state to control its water resources. The study aims to give Sindh water policy by exploring the challenges to Indus Basin in managing water resources and to identify opportunities Indus Basin can look to improve water management. Interviews were conducted from water experts and analysts having 5 years’ experience or more in the water sector of Pakistan through a semi-structured self-developed questionnaire using purposive sampling technique and transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The findings show that increasing population, climatic change and rising demand of water are major challenges Indus is facing and Indus with time is getting water-scarce therefore need strong institutions, civil society and legislatures to ensure equitable distribution of water and maintain the ecosystem. The study emphasizes that water governance and management are necessary for sustainable use of water. Pakistan, the water stress country needs to address ‘governance’ at a wider scale to solve problems in the Indus Basin for the livelihood of people. The research will benefit the state, water experts, institutions as well as civil society to promote efficient use of water in Indus Basin.

Leading the City of Baltimore into the 21st Century: Flexible Treatment Solutions and Integrated Raw Water Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Manuszak ◽  
M. MacPhee ◽  
S. Liskovich ◽  
L. Feldsher
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
The City

The City of Baltimore, Maryland is one of many US cities faced with challenges related to increasing potable water demands, diminishing fresh water supplies, and aging infrastructure. To address these challenges, the City recently undertook a $7M study to evaluate water supply and treatment alternatives and develop the conceptual design for a new 120 million gallon per day (MGD) water treatment plant. As part of this study, an innovative raw water management tool was constructed to help model source water availability and predicted water quality based on integration of a new and more challenging surface water supply. A rigorous decision-making approach was then used to screen and select appropriate treatment processes. Short-listed treatment strategies were demonstrated through a year-long pilot study, and process design criteria were collected in order to assess capital and operational costs for the full-scale plant. Ultimately the City chose a treatment scheme that includes low-pressure membrane filtration and post-filter GAC adsorption, allowing for consistent finished water quality irrespective of which raw water supply is being used. The conceptual design includes several progressive concepts, which will: 1) alleviate treatment limitations at the City's existing plants by providing additional pre-clarification facilities at the new plant; and 2) take advantage of site conditions to design and operate the submerged membrane system by gravity-induced siphon, saving the City significant capital and operations and maintenance (O&M) costs. Once completed, the new Fullerton Water Filtration Plant (WFP) will be the largest low-pressure membrane plant in North America, and the largest gravity-siphon design in the world.

A step forward toward the high-resolution assessment of virtual water flows at the company’s scale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena De Petrillo ◽  
Marta Tuninetti ◽  
Francesco Laio
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Water ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Food Trade ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Final Consumer

<p>Through the international trade of agricultural goods, water resources that are physically used in the country of production are virtually transferred to the country of consumption. Food trade leads to a global redistribution of freshwater resources, thus shaping distant interdependencies among countries. Recent studies have shown how agricultural trade drives an outsourcing of environmental impacts pertaining to depletion and pollution of freshwater resources, and eutrophication of river bodies in distant producer countries. What is less clear is how the final consumer – being an individual, a company, or a community- impacts the water resources of producer countries at a subnational scale. Indeed, the variability of sub-national water footprint (WF in m<sup>3</sup>/tonne) due to climate, soil properties, irrigation practices, and fertilizer inputs is generally lost in trade analyses, as most trade data are only available at the country scale. The latest version of the Spatially Explicit Information on Production to Consumption Systems model  (SEI-PCS) by Trase provides detailed data on single trade flows (in tonne) along the crop supply chain: from local municipalities- to exporter companies- to importer companies – to the final consumer countries. These data allow us to capitalize on the high-resolution data of agricultural WF available in the literature, in order to quantify the sub-national virtual water flows behind food trade. As a first step, we assess the detailed soybean trade between Brazil and Italy. This assessment is relevant for water management because the global soybean flow reaching Italy may be traced back to 374 municipalities with heterogeneous agricultural practises and water use efficiency. Results show that the largest flow of virtual water from a Brazilian municipality to Italy -3.52e+07 m<sup>3</sup> (3% of the total export flow)- comes from Sorriso in the State of Mato Grosso. Conversely, the highest flow of blue water -1.56e+05 m<sup>3</sup>- comes from Jaguarão, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, located in the Brazilian Pampa. Further, the analysis at the company scale reveals that as many as 37 exporting companies can be identified exchanging to Italy;  Bianchini S.A is the largest virtual water trader (1.88 e+08 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 3,92 e+06 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water), followed by COFCO (1,06 e+08 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 6.62 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water)  and Cargill ( 6.96 e+07 m<sup>3</sup> of green water and 2.80 e+02 m<sup>3</sup> of blue water). By building the bipartite network of importing companies and municipalities originating the fluxes we are able to efficiently disaggregate the supply chains , providing novel tools to build sustainable water management strategies.</p>

PROBLEMS OF WATER SUPPLY IN THE TERRITORY OF THE OREL REGION AND WAYS TO SOLVE IT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Павел Алексеевич Лапин ◽  
Сергей Александрович Копылов ◽  
Дмитрий Васильевич Елисеев
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The City

В статье анализируется состояние водного фонда в области и обеспеченность жителей региона водой. Рассматриваются основные проблемы неудовлетворительного качества воды в районах области и в г. Орле. Предлагается комплекс мероприятий с целью повышение качества водоснабжения на территории Орловской области путём строительства пяти объектов водоснабжения. The article analyzes the state of the water fund in the region and the provision of water to the residents of the region. The main problems of unsatisfactory water quality in the districts of the region and in the city of Orel are considered. A set of measures is proposed to improve the quality of water supply in the territory of the Orel region through the construction of five water supply facilities.

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