Economic and environmental benefits of urban water reuse in tourist areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Heimata Carle ◽  
Vincent Sturny
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Reliability Of Operation ◽  
Membrane Treatment ◽  
Public Opposition

This paper presents and discusses the keys of success of a water reuse project for landscape irrigation and other urban uses in Bora Bora, French Polynesia. To better preserve public health and overcome all constraints and public opposition, a membrane tertiary treatment for the production of high-quality recycled water was implemented. Special attention was paid to the reliability of operation and economic viability of membrane treatment, as well as to active public participation with involvement of all stakeholders. The demand for the new recycled water steadily increased during the last two years with a wide diversification of urban uses, not only for irrigation, but also for cleaning, industrial and commercial uses and fire protection. Monetary and non-monetary benefits have been assessed and recognised. As a result of this successful project, new recycling projects are under development.

Evaluation of Economic Viability and Benefits of Urban Water Reuse and its Contribution to Sustainable Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Phillippe Rougé ◽  
Vincent Sturny ◽  
Jean-Pierre Arcangeli
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Important Benefit ◽  
Basic Human Needs

The main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the results of full-scale operation of five water reuse schemes using membranes for the production of high-quality recycled water for golf courses, landscape irrigation and other urban uses. The most important benefit is that it frees an equivalent volume of potable water for basic human needs. Reliability of supply of recycled water in times of drought, when potable water may be withheld from use for landscape irrigation, becomes a particularly important benefit to those for whom maintenance of an attractive landscape at all times is critical and when strong restrictions on water consumption are applied. In this context, membrane tertiary treatment appears as economically viable solution with addition al benefit of increasing the trust of end-users in health safety of recycled water.

scholarly journals The role of the community engagement towards the success of water reuse in isolated islands and tourist areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Vincent Sturny ◽  
Gaston Tong Sang
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Stakeholders

This paper presents and discusses the role of community engagement, i.e. attitudes of local stakeholders, engagement of elected officers and pricing, towards the success of water reuse on the island of Bora Bora, French Polynesia. To better preserve public health and overcome all constraints related to public perception, a membrane tertiary treatment was implemented for the production of high-quality recycled water. Consequently, the demand for the new recycled water has steadily increased during the last four years with a wide diversification of urban uses including irrigation, cleaning, industrial and commercial uses and fire protection. The primary keys to success of this water reuse scheme are the strong commitment of elected officers and large industrial users with the implementation of an adequate public communication and education programme. The resulting outcome is the public trust in recycled water and the recognition of the economic and environmental benefits of water reuse with perspectives for new water reuse projects.

scholarly journals Sustainable water management with multi-quality recycled water production: the example of San Luis Potosi in Mexico

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Lucina Equihua ◽  
Alberto Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
San Luis ◽  
San Luis Potosi ◽  
Reliability Of Operation ◽  
San Luis Potosí

This paper presents and discusses the performance, reliability of operation, socio-economic and environmental aspects and benefits of the Tenorio Project in San Luis Potosi. This is the first project in Mexico making possible the production of multi-quality recycled water for planned water reuse for different purposes, including industrial cooling in a power plant, agricultural irrigation, groundwater restoration and environmental enhancement. Long-term water quality monitoring demonstrated the reliability of operation of the selected treatment trains, which were well adapted to local conditions and the given reuse application. The major challenge was the control of the conductivity and silica content in recycled water for industrial reuse, which needed complementary investigations and the implementation of an additional treatment by ion exchange. The reliable operation of the power plant with recycled water encouraged other industries to explore water reuse as an option, as well as the possibility of improved treatment. Once the main technical and social challenges of the original project were overcome, the project acquired a new dimension with the request of the industrial client to improve water quality by means of reverse osmosis. In return, the power plant proposed giving their right for water withdrawal from the aquifer to the City of San Luis Potosi, allowing thus the availability of freshwater for augmentation of the potable water supply.

scholarly journals Effluent Water Reuse Possibilities in Northern Cyprus

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Gozen Elkiran ◽  
Fidan Aslanova ◽  
Salim Hiziroglu
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Northern Cyprus

Northern Cyprus (NC) is suffering from limited water resources and reiterated drought condition experiences due to global warming effects. Previous studies revealed that the water management policy in the country is not sustainable from the perspective of demand and balance. Apparently, the reuse of recycled water will be an alternative resource and can be utilized for some specific purposes to reduce water extraction from the ground. It is expected that treated wastewater will reach 20 million cubic meters (MCM) per year after the completion of the new sewage system for Lefkosa. Today, 20,000 m3 of wastewater is treated at the Lefkosa Central Treatment Plant up to the secondary treatment level, in which the degree of treatment varies from 60% to 95% owing to the weather conditions in the country during the year. Effluent water reuse in NC was not accepted due to cultural belief. However, water scarcity was experienced in the country during the last decade, forcing the farmers to benefit from the recycled water. There is no regulatory framework available in the country for effluent water reuse. However, preparation studies are almost finalized after discussions among government and European Union (EU) agencies. Cyprus, as an EU country, has an obligation to treat the wastewater up to the secondary level before releasing it in an environmentally friendly nature, following the Directive 91/271/EEC. This paper analyzes the effluent water reuse possibilities as a component of integrated water resource management in Northern Cyprus considering laboratory experiment results. It appears that applying tertiary treatment in Northern Cyprus will allow 20 MCM of water contribution to the water budget and it will help protect the vulnerable environment. Also, since the cost of tertiary treatment will be 0.2 United States dollars (USD)/m3, it would be reasonable to prefer this process to the desalination of water, which costs of 1 USD/m3.

Using recycled water for non-potable, urban uses: a review with particular reference to toilet flushing

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lazarova ◽  
S. Hills ◽  
R. Birks
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Toilet Flushing ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
The Uk

This paper summarises the current non-potable, urban use of reclaimed water with particular reference to toilet flushing. It compares water quality standards for reclaimed water, the volumes of water required for toilet flushing and the qualities of greywater and domestic sewage that have previously been used for reuse. Worldwide examples of reuse schemes are presented with particular detail to two key European sites where greywater has been used for toilet flushing, the Millennium Dome in the UK and a residential block of flats in Annecy, France. It was demonstrated that the interest in water reuse is growing steadily, not only in acknowledged water deficient areas, but also in countries which have not historically appeared to have a water supply problem. The latter include Northern European States such as Belgium, France, the UK and Germany, as well as in tourist coastal areas and islands. This situation affords great opportunities for the creation of urban water recycling schemes.

Blueprint for a greener city: growth need not costthe earth

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
River System ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Alternative Water

The current human use of global natural resources exceeds the long-term sustainable capacity of the planet. New and more sustainable ways of building cities and providing urban water services are needed. The Australian city of Sydney is expected to grow by more than 1 million people over the next 30 years. Water use from the Hawkesbury-Nepean River system already exceeds system capacity. Current proposals to allocate a greater proportion of low flows to meet environmental flow needs will limit urban water allocations and require the development of more efficient water and sewerage systems for new and existing urban development. This paper presents a hypothetical case study of how water supply and sewerage services might be provided for an additional 1 million people over a 25-year period. It compares traditional service provision with alternative scenarios incorporating water conservation measures, rainwater harvesting and water reuse. The paper presents both economic and environmental comparisons. The economic comparisons include valuations of environmental externalities in the form of environmental levies. It shows that the extra capital costs of water conservation, alternative water sources and water reuse scenarios are offset by operating savings and environmental benefits. Ecological footprints are reduced because of lower water diversions, discharges, energy use and CO2 emissions. The paper also discusses the implication of alternative infrastructure ownership and water pricing arrangements, and the opportunities to create incentives for additional investment in water conservation and reuse projects.

scholarly journals Public perceptions of recycled water: a survey of visitors to the London 2012 Olympic Park

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Smith ◽  
P. Rutter ◽  
P. Jeffrey
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perceptions ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
London 2012 ◽  
Water Companies ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

The Old Ford Water Recycling Plant, operated by Thames Water, was used to supply non-potable recycled blackwater to some of the venues at the London 2012 Games. In an effort to learn from this experience, Thames Water commissioned a survey of visitors to the Olympic Park during the Games to explore public responses to the water recycling project. Results show a very high level of support for using non-potable recycled blackwater, both in public venues and in homes. Such findings may indicate a growing receptivity towards this technology, and show that Thames Water (and other private water companies) are well placed to encourage and even lead public discussion around the role of water reuse in the future of urban water supplies.

scholarly journals Integrated Water Management at the Peri-Urban Interface: A Case Study of Monterey, California

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3585
Author(s):  
Bridget C. Gile ◽  
Paul A. Sciuto ◽  
Negin Ashoori ◽  
Richard G. Luthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Regulatory Guidance

Climate change, drought, and chronic overdraft represent growing threats to the sustainability of water supplies in dry environments. The Monterey/Salinas region in California exemplifies a new era of integrated or “one water” management that is using all of the water it can get to achieve more sustainable supplies to benefit cities, agriculture, and the environment. This program is the first of its kind to reuse a variety of waters including wastewater, stormwater, food industry processing water, and agricultural drainage water. This study investigates the partnerships, projects, and innovations that shape Monterey’s integrated water network in order to better understand the challenges and opportunities facing California communities as they seek to sustainably manage peri-urban water supplies. Water reuse in the Monterey region produces substantial economic and environmental benefits, from tourism and irrigation of high-value crops to protection of groundwater and increases in environmental flows and water quality. Water resource managers in other communities can learn from Monterey’s success leveraging local needs and regional partnerships to develop effective integrated water solutions. However, key challenges remain in resolving mismatched timing between water availability and demand, funding alternative water supplies, and planning effectively under uncertainty. Opportunities exist to increase Monterey’s recycled water supply by up to 50%, but this requires investment in seasonal storage and depends on whether desalination or additional recycling forms the next chapter in the region’s water supply story. Regulatory guidance is needed on seasonal subsurface storage of tertiary-treated recycled water as distinct from potable recharge. By increasing the supply of recycled water to Monterey’s indirect potable use system, the region’s potential need for seawater desalination may be delayed as much as 30 years, resulting in cost and energy savings, and giving the opportunity to resolve present planning concerns.

Water Centric Cities of the Future - Towards Macroscale Assessment of Sustainability

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Novotny ◽  
Eric V. Novotny
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Carbon Emissions Reduction ◽  
Water Developments

The developments of several current and future ecocities have been comparatively assessed as to their environmental benefits of preservation or restoration of the ecological and hydrological (water reuse) functionality of their surface water bodies and social benefits such as carbon emissions reduction, recreation, and resource recovery. These evaluation categories are the key components of the Triple Bottom Line assessment of sustainability. The assessed urban water developments include downtown San Antonio (TX, USA), ecocity portion of San Francisco and Sonoma Mountain Village (CA, USA), Hammarby Sjöstad (Sweden), Tianjin, Qingdao and Dongtan (China), and Masdar (UAE). The analysis revealed some problems with the lack of macroscale measures, models, and indices for some key components of the triple bottom assessment. Several research hypotheses and ecocity concepts were suggested for further research and studying.

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