Adapting to socioeconomic, operational and environmental challenges of dairy farm effluent purification in Uruguay through the use of surface flow constructed wetlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Avellán ◽  
D. P. L. Rousseau ◽  
P. N. L. Lens
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Effluent Purification ◽  
Small Catchment

The 3600 dairy farms in south-western Uruguay, with about 750,000 cows in 2008, play an important economic role. Only about 200 of the farms have a sewage treatment system, since no legal regulations for the disposal of effluents exist, the cost of construction is high and neither direct benefits nor incentives are given. The current systems are mainly lagoons that often lack maintenance, resulting in the eutrophication of rivers. One of our goals was to implement a low cost, robust surface flow constructed wetland using native plants, in order to test the acceptance and willingness to pay of the farmers and to see if the effluent water quality met the national standards even if operating under the lack of maintenance. Within a small catchment, 6 farmers attended a seminar series on water(shed) quality, importance of wetlands and sewage treatment options, explaining the functioning of constructed wetlands and the costs of construction. One of the farmers decided to construct a double lagoon system followed by a surface flow CW using Scirpus americanus. However, construction of the ponds occurred by the farmer himself resulting in inadequate dimensioning. The exceptionally dry summer 2008/2009 also delayed planting but by now plants have established themselves and other emergent macrophytes have followed. So far visual water quality as well as biodiversity has improved. Furthermore, farmers and technicians have become interested in the use of CW and other implementations are envisioned. Also, the legislation on dairy farm effluent is about to change which will boost the necessity for all kinds of sewage systems.

Research on Soil Infiltration Systems for Domestic Sewage Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 1969-1972
Author(s):  
Xiao Fang Yue ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Lin Fang ◽  
Chang Kun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Solution Process ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Hydraulic Load

In this paper, the performance of the constructed rapid infiltration system ( CRI ) for removal of organic pollutants of domestic sewage was investigated. The results showed that the system had higher efficiency of CODCr removal. The removal rate of CODCr was 86.1% by constructed rapid infiltration system without carbonized sludge , 91.8% with carbonized sludge. The system overcomes the disadvantage of traditional wastewater rapid infiltration land treatment system ( RI ) that the hydraulic load is low, but retains the advantages that the solution process are the low cost, the ease of processing, less energy consumption and good water quality.

The improvement of water quality indicators in constructed wetland treatment systems in Latvia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Grinberga ◽  
Ainis Lagzdins
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

<p>This study includes water quality monitoring data obtained since June, 2014 at the farm located in the middle part of Latvia. The water treatment system with two separate constructed wetlands was established to improve water quality in agricultural area. A surface flow constructed wetland received drainage runoff from the agricultural catchment basin. A subsurface flow constructed wetland was implemented to retain nutrients from the surface runoff collected in the area of impermeable pavements of the farmyard. As there are no other specific calculations recommended for the designing of constructed wetlands in Latvia, both wetlands were calculated basing on the surface area of the constructed wetland/catchment area ratio. The surface area of the subsurface flow constructed wetland was deigned by 1.2% of the catchment area and the ratio was 0.5 % for the surface flow constructed wetland.</p><p>Water samples were collected manually by grab sampling method once or twice per month basing on a flowrate. Water quality parameters such as total suspended solids (TSS), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), total nitrogen (TN), orthophosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P), and total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analysed to monitor the performance of both wetlands. The concentrations at the inlet and outlet were compared to evaluate the efficiency of the water treatment.</p><p>The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 21 %, 35 % and 20 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. PO4-P and TP concentrations were reduced on average by 31 % and 45 %, respectively for the surface flow constructed wetland. Total suspended solids were reduced by 17% at the outlet of the surface flow constructed wetland. However, in some cases, an increase in nutrient concentrations in water leaving the wetland was observed. The study showed the constant reduction of the PO4-P and TP concentrations 82 % and 83 %, respectively in the subsurface flow constructed wetland. The concentrations of NO3-N, NH4-N and TN were reduced on average by 14 %, 66 % and 53 %, respectively for the subsurface flow constructed wetland. BOD and COD reduction on average by 93 % and 83 %, respectively in for the subsurface flow constructed wetland indicated the ability of the treatment system to be adapted for wastewater treatment with high content of organic matter under the given climate conditions. This study outlined that the farmyards should receive a special attention regarding surface runoff management.</p>

scholarly journals Constructed Wetland: A Solution for Wastewater Treatment

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 42-45
Author(s):  
Dibesh Shrestha ◽  
Shovana Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Human Welfare ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Construction Operation ◽  
Micro Organisms

Due to population explosion, rapid industrialization and urbanization, Nepal's limited source of water is polluted (especially in the Kathmandu Valley). The quality of water is vital concern, as it is directly linked with human welfare. The water that we use for our survival should be potable, clean, and free of impurities. To mitigate the problem of water pollution, low-cost natural treatment options like Constructed Wetlands (CW) and the related Reed Bed Treatment System (RBT) have been introduced in Nepal in several places like hospitals, universities and other institutions, and as community systems. The plant species Phragmites karka is used in this process. It, and other associated micro organisms removes contaminates from wastewater using a natural process. Compared to other large and expensive technologies, CW and RBT require less land and are less expensive for construction, operation and maintenance. Hence, they can be considered as effective, economic and environmentally friendly and sustainable systems for wastewater treatment.Keywords: Wastewater treatment; Constructed Wetlands (CW); Reed Bed Treatment (RBT); NepalDOI: 10.3126/hn.v5i0.2486Hydro Nepal Vol. 5, July 2009 Page:42-45 

The Microbiology Associated with Glycol Removal in Constructed Wetlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chong ◽  
H. Garelick ◽  
D. M. Revitt ◽  
R. B. E. Shutes ◽  
P. Worrall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Surface System ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Microbial Groups

During the winter months, the application of large quantities of glycol based anti- and de-icers to aircraft and runways poses a serious threat to receiving waters because of their toxicity and BOD effect. The orthodox approach has been to store runoff waters in aerated lagoons before discharge to receiving waters or to sewage treatment works. In the development of a pollution control strategy for Heathrow Airport Ltd. (HAL), a combination of alternative methods for treatment are being considered, and amongst these is the use of constructed wetlands on a pilot scale. Results from this study indicate that most constructed wetland plants and substrate micro-organism populations throughout the beds are not adversely affected by airport runoff or exposure to shock-loads of glycols at initial total concentrations of 1180mg/1 and 632mg/1 in the subsurface and surface flow reedbeds respectively. Apart from Typha spp, the aquatic macrophytes have adapted well to the exposure to airport runoff. Glycol removal efficiencies have improved as the beds have matured, and average removal efficiencies of 78% for the sub-surface system and 54% for the surface system have been recorded. Complimentary monitoring of substrate micro-organism populations prior to and after glycol dosings have shown that aerobic microbial groups of bacteria, fungi and actinomyctes, are present in higher numbers (105−107 CFU/g substrate dry weight) than their anaerobic counterparts (103−105 CFU/g substrate dry weight). In the laboratory, studies have shown fungi and bacteria to be most tolerant of glycol, with several strains able to utilise these compounds.

Performance of a large-scale wetland treatment system in treating tailwater from a sewage treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Song ◽  
Benfa Liu ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Penghe Wang ◽  
Yajun Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Wetland Treatment

Water quality standards pertaining to effluent from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in China have become more stringent, requiring upgrading of STPs and entailing huge capital expenditure. Wetland treatment systems (WTSs) are a low-cost and highly efficient approach for deep purification of tailwater from STPs. The Hongze WTS (HZ-WTS), a large-scale surface-flow constructed wetland, with a total area of 55.58ha and a treatment capacity of 4×104m3day–1, was built for the disposal of tailwater from STPs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the performance of HZ-WTP with regard to seasonal variations and to compare treatment costs with those of other STPs. The performance of the HZ-WTS was evaluated in 2013 using online monitoring. HZ-WTS exhibited significant removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus (mean±s.d., percentage removal efficiency 56.33±70.44, 55.64±18.58 and 88.44±22.71% respectively), whereas there was significant seasonal variation in the efficiency of NH4+-N removal. In addition, the average treatment cost was ¥0.17m–3, significantly lower than the corresponding value for other STPs. Therefore, WTSs are recommended for use with STPs in order to improve waste water quality in a cost-effective manner.

Township Sewage Artificial Wetland Depth Treatment Engineering Design

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2085-2089
Author(s):  
Jia Feng Xie ◽  
Yun Long Yang ◽  
Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Design ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Tail Water

Applying surface flow constructed wetlands/subsurface flow constructed wetlands/UV disinfection compound constructed wetland treating sewage treatment plant tail water，introducing the technological process，engineering design parameters and equipment configuration，and summarizing the design characteristics. The operation results showed that the average removal rate of COD，NH3-N，TN and TP was 24.3%，36.8%，20.7% and 24.2% respectively，and The effluent can fully meet Standard A of the first class in GB18918-2002，“Standard for Discharge of Pollutants from Sewage Treatment Works in Towns and Cities”.

IDENTIFYING THE MOST SUITABLE AREAS FOR SURFACE FLOW WETLAND CONSTRUCTION IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas DUMBRAUSKAS ◽  
Nijolė BASTIENĖ ◽  
Petras PUNYS
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Terrain Features ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

GIS-based approach to find the suitable sites for surface flow constructed wetlands was employed for the Lithuanian river basins with low ecological status. According to the nature of the analysed criteria the flowchart consists of two phases. Criteria used include hydrographical network, soil properties, terrain features, land use, etc. Some of them have strictly defined values (constraints), and other ranges within certain limits (factors). Limited criteria were analysed using rejection principle and influencing factors using proximity analysis and overlay methods. Selecting the potential sites using standard GIS analysis tools there was estimated about 3286 sites for possible wetlands with the mean area of inflow basin about 4 km2 in the basins of water bodies at risk.

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