scholarly journals Development of nano-activated carbon and apply it for dyes removal from water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla A. Al Jebur ◽  
Liqaa Hussein Alwan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Equilibrium Time ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Dyes Removal

Abstract The present study investigates the production of nano-activated carbon from banana peels mixed with nylon 6.6 and polyethene. The carbonization process was carried out by mixing accurate percentages of the banana peels with different ratios of nylon 66 and a suitable amount of potassium hydroxide. The fusion carbonization, without solvents, was used in this paper to decompose the nylon mixture, releasing amino and carboxylate roots that can easily react with the carbon chains. The prepared nano-activated carbon was characterized using different technologies, including SEM, AFM, FT-IR, and EDX technologies. The results showed the produced carbon has spherical particles with a pore size of 1.21 nm and a surface area of 1,071.7 m2/gm. Additionally, it was noticed, from the FT-IR spectrum, the prepared carbon does not contain any active groups, which means it is an inert material. X-ray analysis showed the new carbon is made from carbon (78.57%) and oxygen (21.43%). After optimizing the wavelength, the prepared carbon was used to adsorb methylene blue and Eirochrom black T dyes from solutions. The results showed the best equilibrium time, dose of carbon and concentration of dyes was 40–50 minutes, 0.04 g and 20 ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of temperature and different hydroxides on properties of activated carbon prepared from saccharose. Characterization, thermal degradation kinetic and dyes removal from water solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanja Krstic ◽  
Milan Kragovic ◽  
Vladimir Dodevski ◽  
Aleksandar Marinkovic ◽  
Branka Kaludjerovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
N2 Atmosphere ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Dyes Removal

In presented paper, influence of temperature, precursor concentration and different hydroxides on properties of activated carbon obtained from saccharose were investigated. The samples were prepared by hydrothermal treatment and activated using KOH, NaOH and LiOH. Two saccharose concentrations (0.5, 1.0 mol/dm3) and three temperatures (160, 200, 240 ?C) were changed in hydrothermal treatment. Activation processes were performed at 750?C under N2 atmosphere. Samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry, elemental analysis, N2 adsorption-desorption measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. The obtained samples were tested for potential application in dyes removal from water solutions.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Potassium Hydroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bhadra Prasad Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC. SEM images show the highly porous characteristics of AC with full of cavities. The Iodine number of AC revealed that the AC was found to be highly micro-porous. The adsorption of methylene blue by prepared AC was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 158 mg/g. The analysis showed that the AC prepared from Lapsi seed stone activated with potassium hydroxide could be a low-cost adsorbent with favorable surface properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 79–88

Pt/C Catalyst for Hydrosilylation of Allyl Glycidyl Ether with Trimethoxysilane

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1544-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Tian Long Ma ◽  
Chun Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Temperature Reaction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Mixture Ratio ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supported Platinum ◽  
Allyl Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Ft Ir

Activated carbon-supported platinum was prepared and characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. And the hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with trimethoxysilane catalyzed by platinum on activated carbon was discussed. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, feeding fashion and mixture ratio of precursors on the Pt/C catalytic this hydrosilylation were also investigated. The results showed that the reaction can generate the product of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane at an efficiency of as high as 97.4% under the optimal conditions.

Influence of Cyclodextrin in the Synthesis of Magnetite

2009 ◽  
Vol 1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Cobos Cruz ◽  
C. A. Martínez Perez ◽  
A Martínez Villafañe ◽  
J. A. Matutes Aquino ◽  
J. R. Farias Macilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Guest Molecules ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTCyclodextrin (CD) has been studied intensively due to its ability to form inclusion complexes with a variety of guest molecules in the solid state. A few studies have paid attention to the use of CD to facilitate the synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles. In this work the synthesis of magnetite (M) is made in the presence of CD. The particle size of the inorganic material is controlled by the presence of CD, in which spherical particles of few nanometers are grown. The synthesis of Fe3O4 (M) in the presence of α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and β-cyclodextrin (βCD) is described. The formation of an M-CD complex is studied in both cases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) in order to elucidate the chemical bonding of the complex. The morphology and size of the particles are determined by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and software. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is used to confirm the formation of magnetite.

Structural and Magnetic Properties of Ultrafine Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 938 ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Md Gazzali ◽  
V. Kanimozhi ◽  
P. Priyadharsini ◽  
G. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Constituent Elements

Nanoparticles of MgFe2O4 with average crystallite size of ~ 8 nm have been synthesized employing non-aqueous combustion method. Structural properties of the nanoparticles are analyzed with the help of X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-Ray analysis (EDX), Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy (FT-IR). X-Ray Diffraction pattern and FT-IR spectra reveal the formation of spinel structure of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles. The SEM micrographs of the sample show the formation of clusters of spherical particles with pores revealing the history of synthesis as combustion process. The constituent elements and chemical composition are analyzed using EDX spectrum. Magnetic study done using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) reveals that the prepared nanoparticles remain unsaturated within the field of 15 kOe and have a very low coercivity of 20 Oe.

scholarly journals Laboratory solid waste from practical activity as activated carbon precursor for reducing methylene blue in the laboratory wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Aninda Tifani Puari
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Basic Biology

Activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste has become one promising way to produce AC regarding to low price of the precursor and its effect to environment. In this research, the solid waste from the basic biology practical in UPT. Basic and Central Laboratory, Andalas University (Unand) was utilized as the precursor for producing low price AC. The activation was done by chemical activation using three different activating agents which were zink chloride (ZnCl2), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH). The carbonization process was done at temperature of 700°C. The precursor and three different AC after activation were characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine  the functional group and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the pores structure. The adsorption efficiency (AE) of each AC on methylene blue (MB) contained in laboratory wastewater was examined through adsorption process with retention time of 30 minutes at room temperature and neutral pH. SEM analysis showed that the three activating agents were resulting in higher surface area and more pores were formed. The highest AE of MB from laboratory wastewater for each AC were 97,5 %, 96,31%, and 90,79 for KOH, , ZnCl2, and H3PO4, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption capacity was achieved by AC through KOH activation with 0,003 mg/g

Potential-Magnetic Composite of Fe3O4/Activated Carbon from Palm Oil Shell

2020 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Allwar Allwar ◽  
Gusti D. Apriliani ◽  
Fairus M. Wokas ◽  
Eka Y. Saputri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Composite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phase Characterization

Composite of Fe3O4/activated carbon was synthesized from activated carbon by mixing with Fe(II) and Fe(III) using ethanol and treated with hydrothermal process at 250°C for 2 hours. Previous treatment, activated carbon was prepared from palm oil shell using potassium hydroxide as a chemical activation and pyrolyzed at 500°C for 3 hours. Surface area composite of Fe3O4/activated carbon is 8.05 m²/g. However, the X-ray diffraction analysis shows that Fe3O4/activated carbon has crystalline phase which tend to amorphous phase. Characterization using FTIR show that the composite has Fe-O on 557 cm-1. The Composite of Fe3O4/activated carbon has been successfully synthesized.

Synthesis and Evaluation of Levulinic Ester as Biodiesel Additives

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽  
Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta ◽  
Elena Radu ◽  
Vasile Lavric
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethyl Levulinate ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Blend ◽  
Acid Strength Distribution

In this study, the SO42-/TiO2-La2O3-Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared and tested in the conversion of fructose to ethyl levulinate . The catalyst was characterized from the point of view of the textural analysis, FT-IR analysis, acid strength distribution, X-ray powder diffraction and pyridine adsorption IR spectra. The influence of the reaction parameters on the ethyl levulinate yield was study. The maximum yield of 37.95% in levulinate esters was obtained at 180 �C, 2 g catalyst and 4 h reaction time. The effect of ethyl levulinate addition to diesel-biodiesel blend in different rates, i.e, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 (w.t %) on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point was evaluated and compared with the European specification.

Thermal Behaviour of Candesartan Active substance and in pharmaceutical compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895-1902
Author(s):  
Ioana Cristina Tita ◽  
Eleonora Marian ◽  
Bogdan Tita ◽  
Claudia Crina Toma ◽  
Laura Vicas
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behaviour ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Pharmaceutical Product ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ft Ir

Thermal analysis is one of the most frequently used instrumental techniques in the pharmaceutical research, for the thermal characterization of different materials from solids to semi-solids, which are of pharmaceutical relevance. In this paper, simultaneous thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used for characterization of the thermal behaviour of candesartan cilexetil � active substance (C-AS) under dynamic nitrogen atmosphere and nonisothermal conditions, in comparison with pharmaceutical product containing the corresponding active substance. It was observed that the commercial samples showed a different thermal profile than the standard sample, caused by the presence of excipients in the pharmaceutical product and to possible interaction of these with the active substance. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) were used as complementary techniques adequately implement and assist in interpretation of the thermal results. The main conclusion of this comparative study was that the TG/DTG and DSC curves, together with the FT-IR spectra, respectively X-ray difractograms constitute believe data for the discrimination between the pure substance and pharmaceutical forms.

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