scholarly journals Laboratory solid waste from practical activity as activated carbon precursor for reducing methylene blue in the laboratory wastewater

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Aninda Tifani Puari
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Basic Biology

Activated carbon (AC) from agricultural waste has become one promising way to produce AC regarding to low price of the precursor and its effect to environment. In this research, the solid waste from the basic biology practical in UPT. Basic and Central Laboratory, Andalas University (Unand) was utilized as the precursor for producing low price AC. The activation was done by chemical activation using three different activating agents which were zink chloride (ZnCl2), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), potassium hydroxide (KOH). The carbonization process was done at temperature of 700°C. The precursor and three different AC after activation were characterized using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine  the functional group and scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the pores structure. The adsorption efficiency (AE) of each AC on methylene blue (MB) contained in laboratory wastewater was examined through adsorption process with retention time of 30 minutes at room temperature and neutral pH. SEM analysis showed that the three activating agents were resulting in higher surface area and more pores were formed. The highest AE of MB from laboratory wastewater for each AC were 97,5 %, 96,31%, and 90,79 for KOH, , ZnCl2, and H3PO4, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest adsorption capacity was achieved by AC through KOH activation with 0,003 mg/g

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) Seed Stone by Chemical Activation with Potassium Hydroxide

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahira Joshi ◽  
Bhadra Prasad Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Monolayer Adsorption ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Activated carbon (AC) was prepared from Lapsi seed stone by chemical activation with Potassium hydroxide at 400°C. The AC was characterized by pH, moisture content, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue (MB) and iodine (I2) number. FT-IR spectra indicated the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups on the surface of AC. SEM images show the highly porous characteristics of AC with full of cavities. The Iodine number of AC revealed that the AC was found to be highly micro-porous. The adsorption of methylene blue by prepared AC was analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm with monolayer adsorption capacity 158 mg/g. The analysis showed that the AC prepared from Lapsi seed stone activated with potassium hydroxide could be a low-cost adsorbent with favorable surface properties. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v9i1.10673Journal of the Institute of Engineering, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 79–88

scholarly journals Decoration of Zinc Oxide Nanorods into the Surface of Activated Carbon Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5667
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Jha ◽  
Jeevan Ghimire ◽  
Agni Raj Koirala ◽  
Rajeshwar Man Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods incorporated activated carbon (AC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal process. The AC was prepared from lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) seed stone, an agricultural waste product, found in Nepal by the chemical activation method. An aqueous suspension of AC with ZnO precursor was subjected to the hydrothermal treatment at 140 °C for 2 h to decorate ZnO rods into the surface of AC. As-obtained ZnO nanorods decorated activated carbon (ZnO/AC) photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results showed that highly crystalline hexagonal ZnO nanorods were effectively grown on the surface of porous AC. The photocatalytic property of the as-prepared ZnO/AC composite was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye under UV-light irradiation. The ZnO/AC composite showed better photocatalytic property than that of the pristine ZnO nanorods. The enhanced photocatalytic performance in the case of the ZnO/AC composite is attributed to the combined effects of ZnO nanorods and AC.

Preparation of Activated Carbon from Waste Particle Board by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Hydroxide

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1151-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Zhe Ren ◽  
Xin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
Positive Effects

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of waste particle board (WPB) precursor using potassium hydroxide as the chemical agent. The effects of different parameters, such as chemical/WPB ratio, activation time and activation temperature on yield and the methylene blue adsorption capacity of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activation temperature 850°C, KOH(50% concentration)/ WPB 4.0, activation time 50 min. Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 15.0 mL/0.lg, 1213mg/g and 36.9%, respectively. Therefore, great potential exists for developing activated carbon products from waste wood, which will have the positive effects of reducing our landfill problem and gain attractive products.

Adsorption of Methylene Blue and Reactive Black 5 by Activated Carbon Derived from Tamarind Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Zaniah Ishak ◽  
Sa’diah Salim ◽  
Dilip Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Tamarind Seed ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

One of the most environmentally friendly methods to treat wastewater, especially synthetic dyes, is the production of activated carbon from agricultural waste. Tamarind seeds were transformed from negative-value waste into activated carbon in order to study the removal of synthetic dyes. The particular agro waste was soaked in ZnCl2 for chemical activation to increase its surface area and enhance its porosity. Physical activation of tamarind seeds was done by the carbonization process by burning at a temperature of 300 °C for 1 hour and cooling for 24 hours before washing with HCL to activate a pore surface for the tamarind seeds' carbon. The effects of parameters related to the adsorption of the dyes by tamarind seed activated carbon, such as contact time, initial concentration, absorbance dosage, and pH, were studied. The experimental data found that adsorption on both synthetic dyes exhibited a Langmuir isotherm in which the correlation value, R2, was 0.9227 (methylene blue) and 0.6117 (Reactive black 5). Meanwhile, the rate of adsorption for methylene blue (MB) and Reactive black 5 (RB5) by tamarind seed activated carbon was found to be well fitted in a pseudo-second-order model. More research is needed to meet the standard effluent of dyeing wastewater from the industrial sector.

scholarly journals Preparation of activated carbon from banana peel waste for reducing air pollutant from motorcycle muffler

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Dhoni Hartanto ◽  
Aulia Septiani Mutia ◽  
Purtiah Rantau Sari
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Ft Ir

The exhaust gas or emission from motor vehicle contains various pollutants and some of them are toxic and very harmful for human health. In the present work, we prepared an activated carbon to reduce the toxic pollutants (via adsorption process) from the exhaust gas of the motor vehicle (particularly motorcycle in this work). The activated carbon was prepared from local banana peel which considered as an agricultural waste without economic value. To prepare the activated carbon, banana peel was carbonized using furnace at 500°C. Then the resulted carbon was activated using chemical activation with ZnCl2 and physical activation with either microwave (300 W) or furnace (700°C). The prepared activated carbon was then characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The SEM result showed that the pore of microwave induced ZnCl2 activated carbon (ACM) was larger than the pore of virgin char/carbon and furnace induced ZnCl2 activataed carbon (ACF). The FT-IR spectrum of ACM showed some peaks at 3408.59 cm-1, 1589.25 cm-1, and 1093.63 cm-1. They are assigned to O-H stretching, C=O stretching, and C-OH stretching. Additionally, the adsorption performance of the prepared activation carbon to reduce the pollutants concentration (i.e. CO and CH) from the exhaust gas of motor vehicle was investigated. The results showed that the activated carbon induced by microwave and ZnCl2 activation (ACM) gave the best result. The adsorption or removal efficiency of gas CO reached approximately 97.64 %vol.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Baobab Fruit Shells by Chemical Activation Using ZnCl2, H3PO4 and KOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
R Nedjai ◽  
N A Kabbashi ◽  
M Z Alam ◽  
M F R Al-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Characterization Of Activated Carbon

Abstract Chemical agents have a good influence on the formation of activated carbons, surface characteristic, and its adsorption properties. In this study, the effect of activating agents (ZnCl2, KOH, and H3PO4) on baobab fruit shell (BFS) were evaluated. The characteristics of the baobab fruit shell based activated carbon (BF-ACs) were evaluated through the yield and iodine number. BF-ACs were also characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and nitrogen (N2) adsorption. SEM analysis illustrates those porous structures formed on the surface of BF-ACs were with different sizes. The XRD analysis show that the main structures of BF-ACs are amorphous. FT-IR data demonstrates the presence of different surface groups on the produced BF-ACs. Among activating agent, the KOH was observed to the most appropriate for the production of activated carbon with a large surface area (1029.44 m2/g) from baobab fruit shell.

scholarly journals PENYERAPAN LOGAM BERAT Pb DAN Cu MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF BERBASIS MAHKOTA NANAS DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI KALIUM HIDROKSIDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Meylia Susiana Dewi Putri ◽  
Awitdrus Awitdrus ◽  
Rita Kartini Manullang
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Irradiation Power

This study aims to determine the influence of concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) on the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ metal ions in industrial used water. The activated carbon was prepared from pineapple crown waste. Pineapple crown was pre-carbonized at 180oC for 1 hours. Chemical activation was done using KOH with variations in concentrations of 2, 3, and 4 M. The samples were irradiated by using a microwave at 630 Watt of output power for 15 minutes. KOH activation and microwave irradiation power were influenced to the physical properties of the samples. Activated carbon obtained were characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR and AAS. The results showed that highest adsorption were obtained from activated carbon that was activated by KOH 2 M. Adsorption efficiency for Pb2+ and Cu2+ metals were 81.15% and 49.71%, respectively. The carbon chain structure shows the functional groups C-H, C≡C, O-H, C=C at wavenumber 2889.49 cm-1, 2360.97 cm-1, 2339.97 cm-1.

scholarly journals Production of Activated Carbon from Carbonaceous Agricultural Waste Material: Coconut Fibres

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
E.O. Ohimor ◽  
D.O. Temisa ◽  
P.I. Ononiwu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Infrared Reflection ◽  
Morphological Composition ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Coconut Fibers

Activated carbon was produced from Cocos nucifera (coconut) fibers by carbonization and activation processes. The sample was first pretreated before carbonization and activation processes at 450°C and 700°C respectively in an electric furnace. Chemical activation using Potassium hydroxide (KOH) 4:1 (weight basis) was carried out to increase the activated carbon adsorption properties. The element contained in the sample was analyzed using the Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) while the surface morphological composition was determined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and the chemical bonds present in the sample was characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection (FT-IR). From the research carried out, the results show that activated carbon produced from coconut fibers would be useful and effective for adsorbent purposes, considering its large pores.

scholarly journals Production and characterization of activated carbon from pineapple stubble for removal of methylene blue and surfactants.

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 521-539
Author(s):  
Diego Montenegro Quesada ◽  
Natalia Montero Rambla ◽  
Rodolfo Antonio Hernández Chaverri ◽  
Johanna Méndez Arias
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
23 Factorial Design ◽  
Commercial Detergent ◽  
Ft Ir

The objective of this work was to produce activated carbon from the agricultural waste known as pineapple stubble, and to test its effectiveness in the removal of methylene blue and surfactants. Activated carbon was prepared using ZnCl2 and H3PO4 as activating agents and impregnation ratios of 2: 1 and 4:1 between the agent (mL) and the precursor (g) were evaluated. It was also investigated the need or not of a drying stage prior to carbonization. The produced activated carbon was characterized through FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, N2 physisorption analysis, elemental analysis and electron microscopy. Methylene blue adsorption tests were performed to determine the adsorption effectiveness of the different activated carbons produced. For such evaluation, a 23 factorial design was used, and statistical analysis determined that the activated carbon with the highest adsorption of methylene is produced under the following conditions: ZnCl2 as activating agent, an impregnation ratio of 4:1 and with no drying step prior to carbonization. This produced activated carbon is also effective in the adsorption of the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate and for the surfactants present in the gray water obtained after washing clothes with commercial detergent. In these cases, removal efficiencies above 98 % were achieved. With respect to the characteristics of this activated carbon, it was observed a surface area of ​​685.5 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.53 cm3/g, and an average pore diameter of 3.1 nm. Results achieved in the present study demonstrate that is possible to produce effective activated carbon for the removal of methylene blue and surfactants from an agricultural waste such as pineapple stubble.

scholarly journals ADSORPTION OF METHYLENE BLUE ONTO ACTIVATED CARBON DEVELOPED FROM BAOBAB FRUIT SHELL BY CHEMICAL ACTIVATION: KINETIC EQUILIBRIUM STUDIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Radhia Nedjai ◽  
Ma’an Fahmi Rashid Alkhatib ◽  
Md Zahangir Alam ◽  
Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Material Surface ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Freundlich Model

This article provides results of the usability of baobab fruit shell to produce activated carbons by chemical activation using ZnCl2, H3PO4, and KOH. This study indicated that activated carbon produced from baobab fruit shell fruit can be used as a promising adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Significant changes on the material surface following the activation process were observed through SEM and FTIR analyses. Scanning electron micrographs of BFS-ACs showed that porous structures were formed during activation, while the FTIR results indicated that the carbons have abundant functional groups on the surface. KOH activation led an activated carbon with a high methylene blue adsorption of 95.54% and maximum adsorption capacity of 113.63 mg/g, which is directly related to the specific surface area of activated carbons. The adsorption isotherm data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The Langmuir isotherm model showed better fit to the equilibrium data than the Freundlich model. The adsorption process was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The BFS-ACs is an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of MB from an aqueous solution. ABSTRAK: Kajian ini memberi input tentang kebolehgunaan kulit buah baobab bagi menghasilkan karbon teraktifan melalui aktiviti kimia menggunakan ZnCl2, H3PO4, dan KOH. Karbon aktif daripada kulit buah Baobab ini berpotensi sebagai penyerap bagi menyingkir larutan akueus metilin biru. Perubahan ketara pada permukaan bahan diikuti dengan proses pengaktifan dipantau melalui analisis SEM dan FTIR. Imbasan elektron mikrograf BFS-AC menunjukkan struktur porus terhasil semasa proses pengaktifan. Sementara dapatan FTIR menunjukkan karbon mempunyai banyak kumpulan berfungsi pada permukaan. Pengaktifan KOH menghasilkan karbon aktif menggunakan larutan biru metilin yang tinggi sebanyak 95.54% dan kapasiti maksimum penyerapan 113.63 mg/g, iaitu berkadar langsung dengan tumpuan kawasan permukaan karbon aktif berkaitan. Data isoterma penyerapan dibina pada model penyerapan Langmuir dan Freundlich. Model isoterma Langmuir lebih padan pada data keseimbangan berbanding model Freundlich. Proses penyerapan menunjukkan lebih kinetik order-kedua-pseudo. BFS-AC sangat efektif dan penyerap murah bagi membuang MB daripada larutan akues.

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