scholarly journals Comparative analysis on the effectiveness of various filtration methods on the potability of water

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
S. Achio ◽  
F. Kutsanedzie ◽  
E. Ameko
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Ceramic Filters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

This paper comparatively assessed the effectiveness of potable water filtration methods, commonly used in the hinterlands in some Ghanaian communities. Physico-chemical and microbiological analysis were carried out on pond, dam and river water samples, using spectrophotometric, pour plate count and the most probable number (MPN) methods. For the unfiltered water samples the total dissolved solids (TDS) and colour were the only parameters with values within recommended standards. The other parameters, total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, total coliforms and bacterial counts levels were above their standard recommended values. All the filtration methods showed reduction in the levels or better accepted values of the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters. The ceramic filters and the household sand filters showed outstanding results, with all analysed parameters being within the acceptable standards levels. These two methods could be promoted for use to treat untreated drinking water. It is envisaged that a combination of a number of these methods would produce even better results, especially when agents such as alum and activated carbon are included. Follow-up research in this regard is therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Assessment of microbiological and physico-chemical characterıstics of water samples in households of Bangalore city, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessen George ◽  
Siri Karthiyayani Nagaraja ◽  
Ajisha A.
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Bangalore City ◽  
Physico Chemical

Abstract Access to safe drinking water is one of the basic human rights and is essential to human health. The present study investigated the concentration of pathogenic microbial flora and health risk in drinking water samples in households of Bangalore city, Karnataka, India. The samples were analysed for microbiological and physico-chemical parameters. In this study, most probable number and heterotrophic plate count were used to assess the microbial load. The results of the study show that most of the household water samples were contaminated with the presence of coliform bacteria. The dominant bacterial species are Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. The bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae showed maximum occurrence in water samples. The overall results of the study showed that the consumption of such contaminated drinking water at the end-user point may cause potential health hazards to the inhabitants.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality Assessment of Frozen Fish and Fish Processing Materials from Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohana Al Sanjee ◽  
Md. Ekramul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Total Coliforms

The present study aims at the microbiological analysis of export oriented frozen fishes, namely, Jew fish, Tongue Sole fish, Cuttle fish, Ribbon fish, Queen fish, and fish processing water and ice from a view of public health safety and international trade. Microbiological analysis includes the determination of total viable aerobic count by standard plate count method and enumeration of total coliforms and fecal coliforms by most probable number method. The presence of specific fish pathogens such asSalmonellaspp. andVibrio choleraewere also investigated. The TVAC of all the samples was estimated below5×105 cfu/g whereas the total coliforms and fecal coliforms count were found below 100 MPN/g and 10 MPN/g, respectively, which meet the acceptable limit specified by International Commission of Microbiological Specification for Food. The microbiological analysis of water and ice also complies with the specifications havingTVAC<20 cfu/mL, and total coliforms and fecal coliforms count were below the limit detection of the MPN method. Specific fish pathogens such asSalmonellasp. andV. choleraewere found absent in all the samples under the investigation. From this study, it can be concluded that the investigated frozen fishes were eligible for export purpose and also safe for human consumption.

scholarly journals Temporal variation of groundwater resources in Ilesa West Local Government, Osun State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-324
Author(s):  
O.O. Fadipe ◽  
K.T. Oladepo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Physico Chemical

The study was carried out to investigate the different groundwater resources and to generate the temporal differences over the different seasons in Ilesa West Local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. The LGA has not been provided with municipal pipe-borne water supply for over 30 years, hence they are exclusively using groundwater in form of boreholes, dugwells and springs. The physico- chemical and heavy metal parameters were determined over a period of one year covering the rainy and dry seasons. A total of 69 drinking water points which comprises of 63 dugwells, 5 boreholes and 1 spring were used for the study and they were selected to represent the built-up part of the entire study area adequately. Parameters analysed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, sulphate, nitrate, sodium, potassium (K), calcium, magnesium, hardness, alkalinity, bicarbonate using standard methods. Analysis of heavy metals (Fe, Cr) was carried out with atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) and microbiological analysis was conducted using most probable number (MPN) of counting coliforms. The data generated were subjected to descriptive statistics and line graph. The analysis of the different groundwater resources revealed a good water quality but the values of pH, TDS, EC, K, were higher than the permissible range. The concentration of Fe and Cr is very high and could constitute some health hazards in some sources. The temporal variation of the water quality parameters did not follow any definite trend but the pH, NO3, TDS, HCO3, SO4, Fe, Cr were highest in the dry months of April and December, while Ca, Mg, K, Na, hardness, and alkalinity were highest in the rainy months of June and August. The percentage of microbial distribution was highest in the months of June in the boreholes and the spring but the distribution in the dugwells was entirely different. The water from the boreholes and dugwells were generally soft and should be checked for plumbo-solvency. It is recommended that a routine monitoring of all the sources should be carried out and a treatment that will reduce the heavy metals concentrations be enforced. Keywords: Groundwater resources, physico-chemical parameters, temporal variations, dugwells, boreholes and spring.

Microbiological Analysis of Some Raw Fish Samples

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Das ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
M Kawser Ahmed ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Total Load ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Raw Fish

Total load of bacteria, fungi and pathogenic microorganisms in muscle-and-skin samples of 12 different species of fish were analyzed. Highest standard plate count (5.1 x 106 cfu/g) was observed in Batashi (Clupisoma atherinoides) and lowest (2.3 x 105 cfu/g) in Rui (Labeo rohita). Total bacterial load was almost similar in case of other fishes. Mold count was highest (7.5 x 102 cfu/g) in shrimp (Penaeus indicus) and lowest (8.0 x 101 cfu/g) in Pabda (Ompok pabda). Yeast count varied between 1.0 x 103 cfu/g in Batashi and 7.0 x 101 cfu/g in Rui. Total coliform and faecal coliform were detected in all the fish samples. Coliform count measured by most probable number (MPN) method was found to be 240/g in all fish samples. Faecal coliform count in the fish samples varied from 2.8 to 240/g. Salmonella was detected in at least two-third of the samples analysed. High microbial load in raw fishes indicates that raw fish would decompose very quickly at ambient temperature, and the presence of coliforms and Salmonella indicates the raw fish handling is not safe.Keywords: Fish, Microbiological analysis, Pathogens Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 1, June 2007, pp 67-69

scholarly journals Identification of microbiological contamination and mutagenic potential of surface waters of the municipality of Dourados, MS

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Monyque Palagano da Rocha ◽  
Jussara Oliveira Vaini ◽  
Bruno Do Amaral Crispim ◽  
Leonardo De Oliveira Seno ◽  
Kelly Mari Pires de Olivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical

The aim of the study was to evaluate the water quality of the Água Boa stream and the lakes of the parks Arnulpho Fioravante and Antenor Martins (Dourados - MS), through physico-chemical parameters, microbiological analysis and mutagenicity test to monitor interference from Antropic activities and water depuration capacity. Initially the water samples were processed for coliform analysis using the Most Probable Number (MPN) technique. For the research of Salmonella spp., it was performed the pre-enrichment and enrichment of the water sample and streaking in Xylose Lysine Deoxicolate (XLD) agar. For the evaluation of the mutagenicity, smear peripheral blood of the specimens Astyanax lacustris were collected from the places studied. The Arnulpho Fioravante Park had higher mean values for Electrical Conductivity (353.5 uS cm-2), Total Dissolved Solids (179.3 mg L-1) and the highest values for total coliforms. Salmonella spp. it was identified in the water in both parks. The highest numbers of micronucleus were observed in Água Boa stream. Considering microbiological contamination and higher micronucleus number, it’s relevant to highlight the effects of anthropic interferences in local biota. Therefore, it’s of great importance to intensify the supervision of the municipal legislation, in order to conserve and preserve these ecosystems

A Most Probable Number Method for the Enumeration of Legionella Bacteria in Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Grabow ◽  
R. Kfir ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Comparative Tests ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Direct Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Yeast Extract Agar

A new quantitative method for the enumeration of Legionella bacteria in water is described. Appropriate tenfold serial dilutions of water samples concentrated by membrane filtration are plated in triplicate on buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. After incubation for 3 days representative smears from individual plates are tested for the presence of Legionella by direct fluorescent antibody staining. The number of positive plates in each dilution is used to calculate the Legionella count by means of conventional most probable number statistics. In comparative tests on a variety of water samples this method yielded significantly higher counts than previously used procedures.

Occurrence and Removal of Cryptosporidium spp. Oocysts and Giardia spp. Cysts in Kenyan Waste Stabilisation Ponds

1993 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Grimason ◽  
H. V. Smith ◽  
W. N. Thitai ◽  
P. G. Smith ◽  
M. H. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Retention Period ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Final Effluent

This study was designed to determine tlie occurrence and removal of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts, in municipal waste-water by waste stabilisation ponds in tlie Republic of Kenya. Eleven waste stabilisation pond systems located in towns across Kenya were included. A total of 66 waste-water samples were examined for the presence of oocysts and cysts, comprising 11 raw waste-water and 55 pond effluent samples over a two month period. Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in 6 and Giardia spp. cysts in 9 of the designated pond systems analysed demonstrating their ubiquitous nature throughout Kenya. Oocyst levels detected in raw waste-water samples ranged from 12.5 - 72.97 oocysts/l and various pond effluents between 2.25 - 50 oocysts/l. Cyst levels detected in raw waste-water samples ranged from 212.5 to 6212.5 cysts/l and in various pond effluents from 3.125 to 230.7 cysts/l. No Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were detected in the final effluent from any pond systems studied (11/11). Whereas no Giardia spp. cysts were detected in the final effluent from 10 of 11 waste stabilisation pond systems studied, one pond system was found to be consistently discharging cysts in the final effluent at concentrations ranging from 40 to 50 cysts/l. The minimum retention period for the removal of Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and Giardia spp. cysts was 37.3 days. Laboratory experiments were performed to assess physico-chemical and microbiological parameters to express relationships between pond performance and protozoa removal.

scholarly journals Quality of water sources in Southwestern Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT): a cross-sectional descriptive study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-693
Author(s):  
Richard Onyuthi Apecu ◽  
Lucas Ampaire ◽  
Edgar Mugema Mulogo ◽  
Fred Norman Bagenda ◽  
Afsatou Traore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Gravitational Flow ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Compartment Bag Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of water sources in the two rural areas of Uganda using the compartment bag test (CBT). In total, 200 water samples were collected from 69 different water sources and processed within 6 h of collection. Positive and negative controls were processed each day together with water samples. Physical parameters were measured in situ. Descriptive statistics were used to generate mean, minimum, maximum, standard deviations and percentages. The results indicated that 29% of the water sources met the National Standards and World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for drinking water. Sixty percent of the borehole, 44% of gravitational flow taps and 14% of roof rain water met the required standards. Of the open water sources, 75% of the rivers, 50% of open channels and 43% of unprotected dug wells plus 25% of protected springs and 9% of gravitational flow schemes had most probable number counts &gt;100 Escherichia coli/100 mL of water. Most of the water sources in the study areas were not fit for human consumption without prior treatment. The CBT was found to be robust and easy to use in all field situations. The mean physical parameters of water sources were within the acceptable limits.

scholarly journals ANALISA MIKROBIOLOGI CEMARAN BAKTERI COLIFORM DAN SALMONELLA SP PADA TAHU DI KECAMATAN DELTA PAWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Nenengsih Verawati ◽  
Nur Aida ◽  
Ridha Aufa
Keyword(s):  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
West Kalimantan ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Food Safety Standards ◽  
Positive Results

Tofu is a high-protein soy-based food ingredient that is widely consumed in Indonesia. Tofu producers in Delta Pawan Subdistrict are dominated by small and medium-sized entrepreneurs whose hygiene and sanitation aspects in production activities are very under-taken. This study aims to determine the presence of Coliform and Salmonella Sp bacteria on tofu produced in Delta Pawan sub-district, Ketapang, West Kalimantan and compare with SNI01-3142-1998. The method used to detect the presence of Coliform bacteria in this study uses the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, which consists of estimator and confirmatory tests using Lactosa Broth (LB) media for the Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) assay test for confirmation . Whereas to detect the amount of Salmonella Sp using the method of Total Plate Count (TPC) with selective media Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA). The results of Coliform analysis in both industries found Coliform MPN values ​​of more than 2400 AMP / g samples, which indicated that they did not meet the standards set by SNI. While the results of the analysis of Salmonella Sp obtained positive results, so the two industries did not meet food safety standards.

scholarly journals Is Drinking Water Sources Safe for Drink? A Multicenter Assessment of Fecal Contamination of Drinking Water Sources in Tigray Region, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goyitom Gebremedhn ◽  
Abera Aregawi Berhe ◽  
Abraham Aregay Desta ◽  
Lemlem Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Fecal Contamination ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Tigray Region ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Background Fecal contamination of drinking water sources is the main cause of diarrhea with estimated incidence of 4.6 billion episodes and 2.2 million deaths every year. Methods A total of 145 water samples of different source type were collected from different areas in Tigray region from August 2018 to January 2019. The water samples from each site were selected purposively which involved sampling of water sources with the highest number of users and functionality status during the study period. Most Probable Number (MPN) protocol was used for the bacteriological analysis of the samples. Results A total of 145 water samples were collected from six zones in Tigray region, Ethiopia from August 2018 to January 2019. The study indicated that 63(43.5%) of the water samples were detected to have fecal coliform which is E.coli. In Mekelle city, which is the capital city of Tigray region, three in five 34(60.7%) of the collected samples were confirmed to have fecal coliform. Water samples from health facilities were 9.48 times [AOR=9.48, 95%CI: (1.59, 56.18)] more likely to have fecal coliform. Water samples from wells were 10.23 times [AOR=10.23, 95%CI: (2.74, 38.26)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Similarly, water samples from hand pumps were 22.28 times [AOR=22.28, 95%CI: (1.26, 393.7)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from Tap/Pipe. Water samples reported to be not chlorinated were 3.51 times [AOR=3.51, 95%CI: (1.35, 9.13)] more likely to have fecal coliform than water samples from chlorinated sources. Conclusion In this study all water source, including the chlorinated drinking water sources, were found highly contaminated with fecal origin bacteria. This may be mainly due to constructional defects, poor sanitation inspection, poor maintenance, intermittent water supply and irregular chlorination.

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