scholarly journals Synthetic organic polymer fouling in municipal wastewater reuse reverse osmosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ekowati ◽  
M. Msuya ◽  
S. G. Salinas Rodriguez ◽  
G. Veenendaal ◽  
J. C. Schippers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Modified Fouling Index

A full scale waste water reuse plant suffered from irreversible fouling of the reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The major suspect of fouling is cationic organic polymers applied in the wastewater sludge treatment. Thus, the purpose of this research is to study the effect of six cationic polymers, applied in the plant, on RO membrane performance. The filtration and adsorption experiments with 4 mg C/L polymer solutions were performed in laboratory RO set ups for 5–7 days. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to analyze polymers. Fouling prediction was calculated with Modified Fouling Index-ultrafiltration (MFI-UF) constant flux values. A flux decline of 30–50% was observed after filtration experiments. In adsorption experiments, the resistance increased from 6 to 35%. The MFI-UF results showed the rate of fouling was around 1 bar/month. The base-acid cleaning was able to reduce the resistance of the fouled membrane with irreversible fouling resistance, 6–7%. SEM images showed that the fouling layer after cleaning did not appear in the membrane. The FTIR spectra of the membrane after cleaning were similar to virgin membrane. However, several adsorption peaks on the membrane after cleaning were not restored to the initial state.

scholarly journals Membrane-Based Processes Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Water Reuse: State-Of-The-Art and Performance Analysis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Mathias Monnot ◽  
Lionel Ercolei ◽  
Philippe Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Alternative Water

Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.

Aspects of microfiltration and reverse osmosis in municipal wastewater reuse

Desalination ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 106 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Sadr Ghayeni ◽  
S.S. Madaeni ◽  
A.G. Fane ◽  
R.P. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Reuse

Water Recycling Systems

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 1393-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
R D Heaton
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Recycling ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Recycling Systems ◽  
Water District

Water recycling systems implies the initial treatment requirements for various water reuse schemes including unit process descriptions, performance and cost data. Several volumes of text are required for adequate coverage of the above subject and this paper will only attempt to highlight important areas, provide guidelines and give needed direction. Cost functions of one important U.S. Research/ Demonstration Facility (Water Factory 21) are given in more detail. Much of the data has been summarized from four important publications shown below and the reader seeking additional information is encouraged to examine these in detail.1.Water Reuse and Recycling - Volume 2 - Evaluation of Treactment Technology, 1979, U.S. Office of Water Research & Technology (OWRT). Report by Culp/Wesner/Culp Engineers, NTIS #PB 80-131469.2.Guidelines for Water Reuse, August 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report by Camp Dresser & McKee Engineers, NTIS #PB 81-105017.3.Evaluation of, Membrane. Processes and Their Role in Wastewater Reclamation, 1981. OWRT sponsored report by Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA.4.Municipal Wastewater Reuse News. OWRT sponsored monthly newsletter by AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA.

Water reuse in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – status, prospects and research needs

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 926-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg E. Drewes ◽  
C. Patricio Roa Garduño ◽  
Gary L. Amy
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Artificial Recharge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Desalination Plants

Saudi Arabia is one of the driest countries in the world. While desalination plants currently installed in the country represent 30% of the world's desalination capacity, seawater desalination alone will not be able to provide sufficient supplies to meet the increasing freshwater demand. However, with only 9% of the total municipal wastewater generated currently being reused, the kingdom is projected as the third largest reuse market after China and the USA, and reuse capacities are projected to increase by 800% by 2016. This projected growth and the change in water portfolios offer tremendous opportunities to integrate novel approaches of water reclamation and reuse. This paper highlights the current status of reuse in the kingdom, discusses prospects of using distributed infrastructure for reuse tailored to local needs as well as the use of artificial recharge and recovery systems for reclaimed water. It also suggests research needs to helping overcoming barriers for wastewater reuse.

scholarly journals Municipal Wastewater Reclamation and Water Reuse for Irrigation by Membrane Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Dolar ◽  
Marko Racar ◽  
Krešimir Košutić
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Membrane Conductivity ◽  
Severe Degree

Municipal wastewater was treated by membrane bioreactor (MBR), and the obtained<br /> MBR effluent was then treated by reverse osmosis (RO), and nanofiltration (NF). The MBR effluent was additionally treated by reverse osmosis (XLE) and nanofiltration (NF90 and NF270) membranes. RO and NF permeate output streams were assessed for their utilization in agricultural irrigation. The MBR used a hollow fiber ZeeWeed 1 ultrafiltration<br /> membrane. Conductivity, turbidity, total suspended solids, chemical oxygen demand, and dissolved organic carbon were rejected by MBR with average values of 10 %, 100 %, 99.8 %, 96 %, and 88 %, respectively. Further treatment with RO/NF membranes showed additional reduction in all measured parameters. According to results, MBR effluent belongs to the ‘slight to moderate’ degree of restriction on use due to conductivity, chloride, and sodium concentrations. RO/NF permeate, based on all parameters, belongs<br /> to the ‘none’ degree of restriction on use, except on sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), where it belongs to the ‘severe’ degree of restriction on use. Based on conductivity and SAR parameters, assessment of produced water quality obtained by blending of two effluents<br /> (50 % of MBR and 50 % of NF270 permeate) resulted in an output stream appropriate for irrigation, proving that the blending of output streams in this ratio is a good strategy for agricultural irrigation.

Reclaimed municipal wastewater - a potential water resource in China

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Pinjing ◽  
L. Phan ◽  
Gu Guowei ◽  
G. Hervouet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
Resource Shortage

Due to water resource shortage and socio-economic development within twenty years, China faces serious problems of water supply and water pollution. Several criteria and suitable reclamation processes related to water reuse have been created in China, which are helpful to improve the situation of water scarcity. In the future, reclaimed municipal wastewater reuse will mainly be developed for urban and industrial use. Potential supply quantity of reclaimed water, quality of reclaimed water, and reclamation cost are favorable to potential reuses. Based on further public environmental education, on a relevant development of national and local standards for reclaimed water quality, and on an increase of sanitary rate, more and more planned reclaimed water reuse projects would be expected in China.

Evaluation of Industrial Cooling Systems Using Reclaimed Municipal Wastewater

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Asano ◽  
Rafael Mujeriego ◽  
Judith Dickson Parker
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Makeup Water ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Evaporative Cooling Tower ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

Evaluation of industrial cooling systems using reclaimed municipal wastewater was made. For an industry, three major conditions which can dictate considerations of water reuse for industrial cooling systems are: 1) scarcity of freshwater supplies, 2) public policy which encourages wastewater reuse, and 3) lower costs than those incurred with freshwater supplies. Several external treatment alternatives are available for the recirculating, evaporative cooling tower operation using reclaimed municipal wastewater (lime clarification, alum precipitation, and/or ion exchange). Internal chemical treatment of cooling tower makeup water is a component common to both freshwater and reclaimed water supplies. In spite of the higher costs of industrial cooling systems using reclaimed municipal wastewater, several conditions encouraging adaptation of wastewater reuse systems for cooling were identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Perspective on Land Treatment and Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture in the Western United States

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1822
Author(s):  
Ron Crites ◽  
Robert Beggs ◽  
Harold Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Agricultural Irrigation ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Recycled Water

The practice of irrigation with municipal wastewater has evolved from avoidance of surface water pollution to beneficial reuse of water and nutrients for crop production. The ability of the soil to filter out pollutants and pathogens has been documented, such that groundwater quality is not degraded where recycled water to irrigate crops used for human consumption. The example of successful practice of the Castroville project in Monterey County, California illustrates safe reuse of recycled water for crop growth, marketing of crops grown into the fresh produce market, and groundwater protection. Impediments to the future more widespread reuse of recycled water for agricultural irrigation are also discussed. Many of the same technological advancements that have supported the development of modern agricultural water reuse projects have also improved the feasibility of various competing urban water reuse applications. The effects from increasing water scarcity has also had an impact on the quality and quantity of water available for agricultural water reuse projects. The historical practice of developing centralized and regional wastewater treatment facilities near a suitable surface water discharge location may need to be modified for better consideration of agricultural irrigation in integrated water resources planning.

Application of immersed MF (IMF) followed by reverse osmosis (RO) membrane for wastewater reclamation: A case study in Malaysia

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ujang ◽  
K.S. Ng ◽  
Tg Hazmin Tg Hamzah ◽  
P. Roger ◽  
M.R. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Wastewater Reclamation ◽  
Chemical Cleaning ◽  
Local Conditions

A pilot scale membrane plant was constructed and monitored in Shah Alam, Malaysia for municipal wastewater reclamation for industrial application purposes. The aim of this study was to verify its suitability under the local conditions and environmental constraints for secondary wastewater reclamation. Immersed-type crossflow microfiltration (IMF) was selected as the pretreatment step before reverse osmosis filtration. Secondary wastewater after chlorine contact tank was selected as feed water. The results indicated that the membrane system is capable of producing a filtrate meeting the requirements of both WHO drinking water standards and Malaysian Effluent Standard A. With the application of an automatic backwash process, IMF performed well in hydraulic performance with low fouling rate being achieved. The investigations showed also that chemical cleaning is still needed because of some irreversible fouling by microorganisms always remains. RO treatment with IMF pretreatment process was significantly applicable for wastewater reuse purposes and promised good hydraulic performance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document